CJUS 601 Liberty University Understandability Reading by Kurtz Discussion
Please respond to the following classmates with at least 150 words EACH, 1 reference EACH && a biblical viewpoint EACH. here is the original post. You DO NOT need to respond to the original, just the classmates. “After reading the article "Controlled Burn: The Gendering of Stress and Burnout in Modern Policing" by Kurtz, focus on the results of this article and discuss:Do you understand the results? Why or why not?What recommendations do you have for presenting the results of this research so that a police executive could use them1. Emanuel- After reading the article "Controlled Burn: The Gendering of Stress and Burnout in Modern Policing" by Kurtz, I gained a new perspective on the fact that the majority of research addressing officer stress fails to mention gender or concentrates on gender as a simple control variable; therefore, quite confusing. This goes in conjunction with the textbook, stating that “the use of mixed methods should be an intentional design decision, not the addition of another aspect of research that is an afterthought or fishing expedition” (Bachman, 2008).The study asserts that a number of social scientists have drawn connections between stress and problems with health-related issues, including increased anxiety and alcohol use, hypertension, insomnia, migraine headaches, and heart disease. This “stress also results in bio-physical responses such as elevated heart rate, increased blood pressure, increased muscle tension, increased acid secretion (Anderson et al., 2002), and psychological concerns like burnout and fatigue (Harpold & Feenster, 2002). These responses may vary according to the officer’s assessment of the situational demands and his or her ability to deal with the circumstances (Anderson et al., 2002)” (Kurtz, 2008).The research generated prior findings connecting police work events with stress and burnout in regression models. Also, it indicated new and often neglected variables, including those related to gender, were essential to understanding both stress and burnout. The research found that “male officers with college degrees were less apt to evidence stress than officers without an education” (Kurtz, 2008). This finding is not entirely clear nor is it evident why this finding held true for men and not women. Given the importance of the gender variables in this study, perhaps there was an interaction effect between education and beliefs about women in policing. Where the study findings became a bit interesting was that where the assumption that “perhaps African American men are better than White men and women at mitigating stress (e.g., they have better coping strategies), but it takes its toll over time resulting in burnout when it finally manifests itself” (Kurtz, 2008) created a conclusion that wasn’t fully addressed and studied clearly to its reason. It was also surprising to find out that It is “not surprising” that male officers were most apt to believe that women were treated more leniently. The perception “that women are physically too weak to fulfill job requirements is a recurring theme in police organization literature (Brown, 1998; C. Martin, 1996; Segrave, 1995; Wadman & Allison, 2004). Prior research shows that, for the most part, male officers viewed female officers as a liability, believing they lack the physical size to contain violent offenders and create safety concerns in patrol situations” (Kurtz, 2008). Finally, it is important draw-down from this study was the fact that these differences reflected group-based perceptions. These groups work and live in the same environment, but “White males apparently do not experience the same awareness as others in the department, reflecting what some refer to as White masculine privilege” (Kurtz, 2008). In turn, men and women officers exist in the same surroundings yet gain a whole different perspective and experience at work and how they live.The results seen swayed and are collected based on assumptions and perception, which introduces bias. This could arise “problems related to sampling error, and potential sampling bias are compounded when estimating” (Mosher, 2011). Even the researcher seems to be expecting some of the results as he often starts the discussion with phrases such as “not a surprise,” “as expected,” etc. I would recommend a study revision so that more accurate data based on facts, actions, and data collected results can be measured rather than individualized interviews based on assumptions and the perspective and small glimpse window some of the officers manifested. The mixed-method attempt to measure seemed to be dissonant and nearly failed to measure the study's real intent, presenting assumed individualized results. The Biblical world view to this research result is that we must stay true to the intent and not fall susceptible to bias and assumed data when applying the mixed methods. Therefore, 2 Timothy 2:15 states, “Do your best to present yourself to God as one approved, a worker who has no need to be ashamed, rightly handling the word of truth” (Biblica, 2011). I believe it applies in this case. Simultaneously, the researcher needs to maintain a neutral perspective and collect accurate data based on actions, environment, and conditions rather than assumed views. I would have conducted interviews presenting their opposing counterparts’ assumptions to gain more perspective and also see their reaction to seal the gap on perspective. Finally, the shameful comments both on the man’s thoughts about their female counterparts and the categorized “White privilege” category were unnecessary and unsupported but actual facts; so just like the bible verse, there is no need to shame one another but actually communicate and learn more about our differences and how we can bridge the gap. ReferencesBachman, R., & Schutt, R. K. (2008). Fundamentals of research in criminology and criminal justice. Los Angeles: Sage Publications. Biblica, (2021). The holy bible. NIV. colorado springs, CO. Retrieved January 20, 2021, from https://www.biblehub.com/niv/Kurtz, D. (2008). Controlled Burn The Gendering of Stress and Burnout in Modern Policing. https://journals-sagepub-com.ezproxy.liberty.edu/doi/pdf/10.1177/1557085108321672.Mosher, C. J., Miethe, T. D., & Hart, T. C. (2011). The mismeasure of crime. Thousand Oaks, Calif: SAGE Publications.2. Lisa- The research tested too many variables, and the authors were not concise in their comparisons of the findings. In order to use this study in a useful way, the authors should have tested less variables. If this is truly a gender study then race should not be tested. Furthermore, how were other races categorized since the study only had two races listed? Were other races, or mixed-race officers, not surveyed or were they lumped into one of the other categories? Again, if the hypothesis is that gender affects officer stress and burnout then why is race being tested? According to Zhang (2014) “overfitting occurs when too many variables are included in the model and the model appears to fit well to the current data. Because some of variables retained in the model are actually noise variables, the model cannot be validated in future dataset.”The discussion did not give a strong conclusion as to what the research implicated, if anything. According to N. (2014), the final paragraph of the discussion section should “discuss your overall conclusion and the major impact of your study.What is the main take-home message of your study?What is the main contribution that your study makes to your field?”The Bible tells us to be clear and concise in our speech. 1Corinthians 14:9 (MKJV) states “so also you, if you do not give a clear word through the language, how will it be known what is being said?” ReferencesN., R. (2014, May 3). How to Write a Strong Discussion in Scientific Manuscripts. Biosciencewriters.com. https://www.biosciencewriters.com/How-to-Write-a-Strong-Discussion-in-Scientific-Manuscripts.aspxZhang, Z. (2014). Too much covariates in a multivariable model may cause the problem of overfitting. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 6(9), E196–E197. https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.08.3...