BUS 450 SU Wk 10 Footwear Giants Shift Outsourcing from China to Vietnam Discussion

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BUS 450

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In Chapter 7, "The Environment – Part II," Hite and Seitz (2016) discuss the existing tension between development and the environment. Development brings economic growth as well as social and environmental changes. To a developing country, economic growth may be of a higher priority than the consequences to the long-term health of its citizens or its environment. On the other hand, poverty can also harm the environment, such as when searching for land to farm contributes to deforestation.

  • Do wealthy nations using the labor of developing nations have responsibilities to the people and environment of that country? Why or why not? Be sure to use examples of existing companies to support your response.
  • Attached are screenshots of Chapter 7

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f Facebook х Walmart Groce X Home | iCamp x Strayer Univers x Bb Thread: Week S SOLUTION: BU M The Third Six S Ask a new que x + D X { strayer.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781119014249/cfi/6/20!/4/18/6@0:89.6 e Rach's Blog: French Mashed Potatoes R... F 7-Up Cranberry Pun... food Baked Ziti Recipe food Banana Nut Bread Bread Stuffing Turkey Basic Herb... ar Oatmeal Raisin Co... F Beef Stroganoff Rec... time, the benefits from that economic activity will be short-lived. 0 < Chapter 7 The Enviro... Go to Chapter 7 The Environment: Part II Poverty harms the environment, as we saw for example in the case of deforestation, where poor people searching for land to farm and for fuel are one cause of the extensive destruction of the remaining tropical rainforests. Economic growth that benefits the majority of people is needed to protect the environment. And a control on the rapidly expanding populations of many of the poorest countries is also needed to protect the environment, since increasing numbers of poor people hurt the land on which they live as they struggle to survive. 224 The Workplace and the Home > 228 Managing Waste > 233 Responsible Use > For both rich and poor nations, the environment is important. Economic growth is also important, especially for the poorer countries. The challenge remains for both poor and rich to achieve the optimal level of economic activity while simultaneously maintaining healthy ecosystems and sustaining the land, air, and water upon which all life depends. 236 Environmental Politics 238 Overdevelopment Notes 238 Conclusions 239 Notes 1 American Cancer Society, "Lifetime Risk of Developing or Dying from Cancer," January 10, 2014, citing US National Cancer Institute's Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, at http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/CancerBasics/lifetime- probability-of-developing-or-dying-from-cancer (accessed July 2015). 242 Further Reading 229 240 2 "Study Hailed as Convincing in Tying Fat to Cancers," New York Times, April 24, 2003, p. A23; and Jane Brody, "Another Study Finds a Link between Excess weight and Cancer," New York Times, May 6, 2003, p. 07. 3 Robin C. Puett et al., "Particulate Matter Air Pollution Exposure, Distance to Road, and Incident Lung Cancer in the Nurses' Health Study Cohort," Environmental Health Perspectives, 122 (9) (2014), pp. 926-31; Solana Pyne, "Small Particles Add up to Big Disease Risk," Science, 295 (March 15, 2002), p. 1994. M 3 11:28 f Facebook х Walmart Groce X Home | iCamp x Strayer Univers X Bb Thread: Week S SOLUTION: BU M The Third Six S Ask a new que: x + D X { strayer.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781119014249/cfi/6/20!/4/18/4/2@0:100 e Rach's Blog: French Mashed Potatoes R... F 7-Up Cranberry Pun... 0 < Chapter 7 The Enviro... Go to Chapter 7 The Environment: Part II Bread Stuffing Turkey Basic Herb... ar Oatmeal Raisin Co.. F Beef Stroganoff Rec.. food Baked Ziti Recipe food Banana Nut Bread reduced in a number of countries by industrialization - obviously an impressive benefit of the new economic activity. But that activity harmed both people and the environment. Slowly and painfully, people in the developed countries have come to realize that economic growth is not enough. Attention has to be paid to its effect on the Earth and on people. And awareness has grown in the industrialized nations, and continues to grow, that the question of how economic growth is affecting the environment needs to be asked and answered. The rich countries are slowly learning that it is cheaper and causes much less suffering to try to reduce the harmful effects of an economic activity at the beginning, when it is planned, than after the damage appears. To do this is not easy and is always imperfect. But an awareness of the need for such effort indicates a greater understanding and moral concern than did the previous widespread attitude that focused only on creating new products and services. 224 The Workplace and the Home > 228 Managing Waste > 233 Responsible Use > 236 Environmental Politics 238 Overdevelopment 238 Conclusions Developing countries are slowly realizing that the effects of economic activity on the environment should not be ignored. But here the new awareness is less widespread than in the rich countries. This is understandable because, except for some of the rulers and elite groups, the reduction of poverty is the first concern people have. It explains why some developing countries have welcomed polluting industries, such as factories that manufacture asbestos, since jobs today are more important than a vague worry that workers may contract cancer in 20 to 30 years. But also in developing countries, a slowly growing number of people realize that if the economic activity that gives jobs to people harms the environment at the same time, the benefits from that economic activity will be short-lived. 239 Notes 242 Further Reading Poverty harms the environment, as we saw for example in the case of deforestation, where poor people searching for land to farm and for fuel are one cause of the extensive destruction of the remaining tropical rainforests. Economic growth that benefits the majority of people is needed to protect the environment. And a control on the rapidly expanding populations of many of the poorest countries is also needed to protect the environment, since increasing numbers of poor people hurt the land on which they M 3 11:28 f Facebook х Walmart Groce X Home | iCamp x Strayer Univers X Bb Thread: Week S SOLUTION: BU M The Third Six S Ask a new que x + D X { strayer.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781119014249/cfi/6/20!/4/14/16@0:64.3 : e Rach's Blog: French Mashed Potatoes R... F 7-Up Cranberry Pun... Bread Stuffing Turkey Basic Herb... ar Oatmeal Raisin Co... F. Beef Stroganoff Rec... food Baked Ziti Recipe food Banana Nut Bread 0 < Chapter 7 The Enviro... is taken to reduce a pollutant, because of the inherent delays in the system the harmful effects of the pollutant do not decrease until a number of years later. Thus the inclination of the public official - and the business person-is to do nothing and hope that something turns up showing that the problem was not as bad as feared or that there is a cheaper way to deal with it. ji Go to Chapter 7 The Environment: Part II 224 The Workplace and the Home > 228 Managing Waste > An additional factor in environmental politics is unique to the United States. The American dream has been one of continuing abundance. For much of the country's history, there has seemed to be an unlimited abundance of many things needed for the good life, such as land, forests, minerals, energy, clean air, and natural beauty. It is a country that seemed to offer unlimited opportunities for many to make a better life for themselves, and "better" has been usually defined as including more material goods. The setting of limits on consumption and production that environmentalists often promote is certain to cause dismay to many. 233 Responsible Use > B A 回目 236 Environmental Politics 238 Overdevelopment 238 Conclusions 239 Notes If the above were not enough to make environmental politics very difficult, there is also the fact that the costs in environmental matters are often very difficult to measure. One can calculate the cost of a scrubber on a coal-burning power plant, but how do you measure the cost of a shortened life that occurs if the scrubber is not used? How do you place a dollar figure on the suffering a person with emphysema experiences, or a miner with brown lung disease, or an asbestos worker with cancer? How do you measure the costs the yet unborn will have to pay if nothing is done now about climate change? And how do you put a dollar figure on the loss of natural beauty? Because it is so difficult to weigh the costs in conventional terms of measurement, the costs often were not weighed in the past.51 242 Further Reading There is, of course, also the matter of values - the value individuals place on more material goods, the convenience of throwaway products, open spaces, and clean air. The resolution of conflicts over values can often be handled only by politics, in a democracy by the community as a whole making decisions M 3 11:27 f Facebook х Walmart Groce X HomeiCamp X Strayer Univers x Bb Thread: Week S SOLUTION: BU M The Third Six S Ask a new que x + D X : ji 224 228 { strayer.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781119014249/cfi/6/20!/4/14/22@0:40.6 e Rach's Blog: French Mashed Potatoes R... F 7-Up Cranberry Pun... Bread Stuffing t Turkey Basic Herb... ar Oatmeal Raisin Co... F Beef Stroganoff Rec... food Baked Ziti Recipe food Banana Nut Bread can often be handled only by politics, in a democracy by the community as a whole making decisions 0 < Chapter 7 The Enviro... through its representatives and then requiring all members of the community to obey them. That such stuff causes controversy and stirs passions should not be surprising. It is hard work. Go to Chapter 7 The Environment: Part II Overdevelopment The Workplace and the Home > Perhaps a good way to end this chapter is to explain the concept of overdevelopment. According to the Managing Waste > Australian biologist Charles Birch, "Overdevelopment of any country starts when the citizens of that country consume resources and pollute the environment at a rate which is greater than the world could 233 Responsible Use > stand indefinitely if all the peoples of the world consumed resources at that rate."52 From this perspective, it can be seen that the United States could be considered the most overdeveloped country in the world, Environmental Politics followed closely by many other industrial countries. People in the United States, who constitute about 4 Overdevelopment percent of the world's population, consume about 25 percent of the world's annual use of natural resources, and do so, as this chapter has shown, with devastating effects on the environment. This Conclusions devastation is being reduced as new environmental laws are enacted and gradually enforced in the developed world, but it has not been reduced to such an extent that the concept of overdevelopment is Notes outdated. We saw in Chapter 3 that present global consumption already requires the resources of 1.5 Earths. Further Reading Conclusions B A 回目 236 238 238 239 242 239 Development is more than economic growth: it also includes the social changes that are caused by or accompany economic growth. As this chapter has shown, the increase in the production of goods and services that came with industrialization had, and still has, frightening costs. Poverty was dramatically raduced in number of countries buindustrialization ohuicuelon im roccitro honofit of the natit M 3 11:27 f Facebook х Walmart Groce X Home | iCamp x Strayer Univers X Bb Thread: Week S SOLUTION: BU M The Third Six S Ask a new que: x + D X { strayer.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781119014249/cfi/6/20!/4/14/12@0:33.7 : e Rach's Blog: French Mashed Potatoes R... F 7-Up Cranberry Pun... 0 < Chapter 7 The Enviro... Bread Stuffing t Turkey Basic Herb... ar Oatmeal Raisin Co... F Beef Stroganoff Rec... food Baked Ziti Recipe food Banana Nut Bread by upper middle-class people who have gained economic security and now want to improve the quality of their lives further by reducing environmental pollutants. On the opposite side, he sees both lower income groups and the rich - lower income people because they see environmental laws making it more difficult for them to find jobs and obtain a better income, and the rich because they can often buy their way out of environmental problems and see pollution laws as making it more difficult for them to increase their wealth even further. 48 Go to Chapter 7 The Environment: Part II 224 The Workplace and the Home > 228 Managing Waste > 233 Responsible Use > 236 Environmental Politics Other conflicting interests are also involved in environmental politics. Antipollution laws often make it more difficult and costly to increase energy supplies, extract minerals, and increase jobs by industrial growth. Barry Commoner's Fourth Law of Ecology - There Is No Such thing as a Free Lunch - means that for every gain there is some cost.49 There are tradeoffs involved in making the air and water cleaner as there are in making more cars and television sets. Also, the costs of pollution control often increase substantially as you try to make the environment cleaner and cleaner. The cost required to make a 50 percent reduction in a pollutant is often quite modest, whereas if you try to reduce the pollutant by 95 percent, the cost usually increases dramatically - balanced against the impacts of unabated pollution.50 238 Overdevelopment 238 Conclusions 239 Notes 242 Further Reading Much environmental destruction is extremely difficult for the political system to deal with, since the damage often shows up many years after the polluting action takes place. It is now clear that prevention is much cheaper than trying to clean up the damage after it has occurred, but the nature of politics does not lend itself to long-range planning. Generally, politicians have a rather short-term outlook, as do many business people. Both are judged on their performance in handling immediate problems; this promotes a tendency to take actions showing some immediate result. Such actions further the politician's chances for reelection and the business person's profits or chances for promotion. Yet environmental problems often call for actions before the danger becomes clear. A further complication is the fact that, even after action is taken to reduce a pollutant, because of the inherent delays in the system the harmful effects of the M 11:27
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It is factual that wealthy nations using the labour of developing nations have
responsibilities to their people and the environment. Developing nations have played an
important role in supplying labour and raw materials to the develop...


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