Description
Terms/Concepts/Theories/Arguments You Should Know:
- Functionalism
- Multiple Realizability
- Mind and Computer analogy
- Turing’s Imitation Game
- Arguments for the possibility of Artificial Intelligence
- Objections to Turing’s Argument
- The Chinese Room
- Weak Artificial Intelligence vs. Strong Artificial Intelligence
- Objections to the Chinese Room
- Non-Human Animal Minds, arguments for the existence of cognition in other species
- Anthropomorphism, Anthropocentrism
- Problems with studying animal minds, skepticism about cognition in other species
- Epistemology
- Rationalism
- Empiricism
- a priori vs. a posteriori knowledge
- inductive vs. deductive reasoning
- Molyneux’s Problem
- Descartes’ Foundationalism and Rationalism
- Locke’s Tabula Rasa, arguments against innate knowledge
- Berkeley’s Subjective Idealism
- Hume’s Empiricism
- Hume’s Missing Shade of Blue
- Hume’s Fork
- Kant’s Transcendental Idealism
- Synthetic a priori judgments
- Ethics, Morality
- Relativism and Absolutism
- Egoism vs. Altruism
- Ring of Gyges
- Aristotle’s Virtue Ethics, the Virtues, Eudaimonia, Continence/Incontinence/Temperance
- The Golden Mean
- Divine Command Theory, problems with it, Euthyphro’s Dilemma
- Natural Law Theory, Aquinas, etc.
- Corvino’s attack on Natural Law Theory, why homosexuality is impossible to define as unnatural (5 different ways to define unnatural, why each fails)
- Kant’s Deontology, Categorical Imperative, different versions of it
- Objections to Kant’s Ethics, Conflicting Duties, Unsolvable Dilemmas
- Bentham’s Hedonistic Calculus vs. Mill’s Utilitarianism
- Objections to Utilitarianism
- Ethics based on care, feminism
Explanation & Answer
alrighty heres what i have for you let me know what else i can do for you.
Functionalism:
Interprets each part of society in terms of how it contributes to the stability of the whole
society.
The different parts of society are primarily composed of social institutions.
The core institutions that are important to understand for this theory include: family,
government, economy, media, education, and religion.
According to functionalism, an institution only exist because it serves a vital role in the
functioning of society.
Multiple Realizability:
A notion that grew out of cognitive science in the 1950’s
Implies that mental types and physical types are correlated one-many not one-one.
Turing’s Imitation Game:
Alan Turing wrote a 1951 paper that proposed a test called the imitation game.
o Thought to finally settle the issues of machine intelligence.
three rooms, each connected via computer screen and keyboard to the others. In one room sits
a man, in the second a woman, and in the third sits a person - call him or her the "judge". The
judge's job is to decide which of the two people talking to him through the computer is the man.
The man will attempt to help the judge, offering whatever evidence he can (the computer
terminals are used so that physical clues cannot be used) to prove his man-hood. The woman's
job is to trick the judge, so she will attempt to deceive him, and counteract her opponent's
claims, in hopes that the judge will erroneously identify her as the male.
Arguments for the possibility of Artificial Intelligence:
The most familiar form that such attempts at refutation take is that of an argument...