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Problem 4-17 Just answer Frandec Company manufactures, assembles, and rebuilds material handling equipment used in warehouses and distribution centers. One product, called a Liftmaster, is assembled from four components: a frame, a motor, two supports, and a metal strap. Frandec’s production schedule calls for 5000 Liftmasters to be made next month. Frandec purchases the motors from an outside supplier, but the frames, supports, and straps may be either manufactured by the company or purchased from an outside supplier. Manufacturing and purchase costs per unit are shown. Component Frame Support Strap Manufacturing Cost $38.00 $11.50 $ 6.50 Purchase Cost $51.00 $15.00 $ 7.50 Three departments are involved in the production of these components. The time (in minutes per unit) required to process each component in each department and the available capacity (in hours) for the three departments are as follows: Department Component Frame Support Strap Capacity (hours) Cutting 3.5 1.3 0.8 350 Milling 2.2 1.7 — 420 Shaping 3.1 2 .6 1.7 680 a. Formulate and solve a linear programming model for this make-or-buy application. How many of each component should be manufactured and how many should be purchased? b. What is the total cost of the manufacturing and purchasing plan? c. How many hours of production time are used in each department? d. How much should Frandec be willing to pay for an additional hour of time in the shaping department? e. Another manufacturer has offered to sell frames to Frandec for $45 each. Could Frandec improve its position by pursuing this opportunity? Why or why not? a.The optimal solution is to manufacture 5,000 frames, 2,692.31 supports, and 0 straps; and to purchase 0 frames, 7307.69 supports, and 5,000 straps.b.The total cost is $368076.9 c.The solution calls for 350 hours of cutting time, 259.62 hours of milling time, and 375 hours of shaping timed. Because this last requirement is not binding, Frandec should not pay anything for an additional hour of time in the shaping department. e.The shadow price of the frame constraint is $47. Therefore, Frandec would benefit from purchasing frames if they are available for $45. That would be true up to a maximum purchase of 2714:3 units, which is the allowable decrease on that shadow price. Problem 7-21 The Bayside Art Gallery is considering installing a video camera security system to reduce its insurance premiums. A diagram of the eight display rooms that Bayside uses for exhibitions is shown in Figure 7.13; the openings between the rooms are numbered 1 through 13. A security firm proposed that twoway cameras be installed at some room openings. Each camera has the ability to monitor the two rooms between which the camera is located. For example, if a camera were located at opening number 4, rooms 1 and 4 would be covered; if a camera were located at opening 11, rooms 7 and 8 would be covered; and so on. Management decided not to locate a camera system at the entrance to the display rooms. The objective is to provide security coverage for all eight rooms using the minimum number of two-way cameras. a. Formulate a 0-1 integer linear programming model that will enable Bayside’s management to determine the locations for the camera systems. b. Solve the model formulated in part (a) to determine how many two-way cameras to purchase and where they should be located. c. Suppose that management wants to provide additional security coverage for room 7. Specifically, management wants room 7 to be covered by two cameras. How would your model formulated in part (a) have to change to accommodate this policy restriction? d. With the policy restriction specified in part (c), determine how many two-way camera systems will need to be purchased and where they will be located. Figure 7-13 below 13-4 4. The following profit payoff table was presented in Problem 1. Suppose that the decision maker obtained the probability assessments P(s1) 0.65, P(s2) 0.15, and P(s3) 0.20. Use the expected value approach to determine the optimal decision. State of Nature Decision Alternative s1 s2 s3 d1 250 100 25 d2 100 100 75 13-18 Dante Development Corporation is considering bidding on a contract for a new office building complex. Figure 13.17 shows the decision tree prepared by one of Dante’s analysts. At node 1, the company must decide whether to bid on the contract. The cost of preparing the bid is $200,000. The upper branch from node 2 shows that the company has a 0.8 probability of winning the contract if it submits a bid. If the company wins the bid, it will have to pay $2,000,000 to become a partner in the project. Node 3 shows that the company will then consider doing a market research study to forecast demand for the office units prior to beginning construction. The cost of this study is $150,000. Node 4 is a chance node showing the possible outcomes of the market research study. Nodes 5, 6, and 7 are similar in that they are the decision nodes for Dante to either build the office complex or sell the rights in the project to another developer. The decision to build the complex will result in an income of $5,000,000 if demand is high and $3,000,000 if demand is moderate. If Dante chooses to sell its rights in the project to another developer, income from the sale is estimated to be $3,500,000. The probabilities shown at nodes 4, 8, and 9 are based on the projected outcomes of the market research study. a. Verify Dante’s profit projections shown at the ending branches of the decision tree by calculating the payoffs of $2,650,000 and $650,000 for first two outcomes. b. What is the optimal decision strategy for Dante, and what is the expected profit for this project? c. What would the cost of the market research study have to be before Dante would change its decision about the market research study? d. Develop a risk profile for Dante. 13-24 To save on expenses, Rona and Jerry agreed to form a carpool for traveling to and from work. Rona preferred to use the somewhat longer but more consistent Queen City Avenue. Although Jerry preferred the quicker expressway, he agreed with Rona that they should take Queen City Avenue if the expressway had a traffic jam. The following payoff table provides the one-way time estimate in minutes for traveling to or from work: Based on their experience with traffic problems, Rona and Jerry agreed on a 0.15 probability that the expressway would be jammed. In addition, they agreed that weather seemed to affect the traffic conditions on the expressway. Let C = clear O= overcast R = rain The following conditional probabilities apply: P(C ƒ s1) = 0.8 P(O ƒ s1) = 0.2 P(C ƒ s2 ) = 0.1 P(R ƒ s1) = 0.0 P(R ƒ s2 ) = 0.6 P(O ƒ s2 ) = 0.3 a. Use Bayes’ theorem for probability revision to compute the probability of each weather condition and the conditional probability of the expressway open s1 or jammed s2 given each weather condition. b. Show the decision tree for this problem. c. What is the optimal decision strategy, and what is the expected travel time? 15-12 Corporate triple A bond interest rates for 12 consecutive months follow: 9.5 9.3 9.4 9.6 9.8 9.7 9.8 10.5 9.9 9.7 9.6 9.6 a. Construct a time series plot. What type of pattern exists in the data? b. Develop three-month and four-month moving averages for this time series. Does the three-month or four-month moving average provide the better forecasts based on MSE? Explain. c. What is the moving average forecast for the next month? 15-18 The following table reports the percentage of stocks in a portfolio for nine quarters from 2007 to 2009: a. Construct a time series plot. What type of pattern exists in the data? b. Use exponential smoothing to forecast this time series. Using Excel Solver or LINGO find the value of a that minimizes the sum of squared error. c. What is the forecast of the percentage of stocks in a typical portfolio for the second quarter of 2009? 15-26 Giovanni Food Products produces and sells frozen pizzas to public schools throughout the eastern United States. Using a very aggressive marketing strategy they have been able to increase their annual revenue by approximately $10 million over the past 10 years. But, increased competition has slowed their growth rate in the past few years. The annual revenue, in millions of dollars, for the previous 10 years is shown below. a. Construct a time series plot. Comment on the appropriateness of a linear trend. b. Using Excel Solver or LINGO, develop a quadratic trend equation that can be used to forecast revenue. c. Using the trend equation developed in part b. (b), forecast revenue in year 11. 9-15 Doug Casey is in charge of planning and coordinating next spring’s sales management training program for his company. Doug listed the following activity information for this project: a. Draw a project network. b. Prepare an activity schedule. c. What are the critical activities and what is the expected project completion time? d. If Doug wants a 0.99 probability of completing the project on time, how far ahead of the scheduled meeting date should he begin working on the project?
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complete solution

Problem 4-17:
Minimize 38.00 x f  11.50 xu  6.50 xt  51.00 y f  15.00 yu  7.50 yt
Demand

Capacity

x f  y f  5000

3.5 x f  1.3xu  0.8 xt ≤ 350 キ 60

x  y  10000

2.2x  1.7 x  0.0x ≤ 420 キ 60

x  y  5000

3.1x  2.6x  1.7 x ≤ 680 キ 60

Problem 7-21:
a) Consider

1, if a camera is located at opening i
xi  
 0, if not
min x1  x2  x3  x4  x5  x6  x7  x8  x9  x10  x11  x12  x13
such that

x1  x4  x6  1

Room 1

x6  x8  x12  1

Room 2

x1  x2  x3  1

Room 3

x3  x4  x5  x7  1

Room 4

x7  x8  x9  x10  1

Room 5

x10  x12  x13  1

Room 6

x2  x5  x9  x11  11 Room 7
x11  x13  1

Room 8

b) Since x1  x5  x8  x13  1, it implies that the cameras should be located at the openings 1, 5, 8, and
13. Moreover, an alternative optimal solution is x1  x7  x11  x12  1 .
c) Change the constraint for room 7 to the following:

x2  x5  x9  x11  2
d) Since x3  x6  x9  x11  x12  1 , it implies that the cameras should be located at the openings 3, 6,
9, 11, and 12. Moreover, an alternative optimal solution is x2  x4  x6  x10  x11  1. Hence, the
optimal value = 5.
Problem 13-4:
Using P  s1  , P  s2  , P  s3  , and the opportunity loss values, we can compute the expected opportunity
loss (EOL) for each of the decision alternatives. With P  s1   0.65, P  s2   0.15 , and P  s3   0.20 ,
the expected opportunity loss for each of the two decision alternatives is

EOL  d1   0.65  250   0.15 100   0.20  25   182.5
EOL  d 2   0.65 100   0.15 100   0.20  75   95
No matter of whether the decision analysis involves minimization or maximization, the minimum
expected opportunity loss often provides the best decision alternative. Hence, with EOL  d2   95 , d 2
is the recommended decision. Moreover, the calculated EOL is equal to the expected value of perfect
information. Thus, EOL (best decision) = EVPI; and this value is 95 .
Problem 13-18:
a) The payoffs of $2, 650, 000 and $650, 000 for first two incomes are calculated as below:
Outcome 1

Bid

$200, 000

Contract

$2, 000, 000

Market Research

$150, 000

High Demand

$5, 000, 000

$2, 650, 000
Outcome 2
Bid

$200, 000

Contract

$2, 000, 000

Market Research

$150, 000

Moderate Demand

$3, 000, 000
$650, 000

b) We have the following calculations:
EV(node8) =

0.85  2650  0.15  650  $2,350,000

EV (node 5) =

Max  2350, 1150  $2,350,000

EV(node9) =

0.225  2650  0.775  650   $1,100,000

EV(node6) =

Max 1100, 1150  $1,150,000

EV(node 10) =

0.6  2800  0.4 800  $2,000,000

EV(node 7) =

Max  2000, 1300  $2,000,000

EV(node 4) =

0.6  2350  0.4 1150  $1,870,000

EV(node3) =

Max 1870, 2000  $2,000,000

EV(node 2) =

0.8  2000  0.2  200  $1,560,000

EV(node 1) =

Max 1560, 0  $1,560,000

Hence, the expected profit is $1,560, 000 . The decision would be to bid on...


Anonymous
I was struggling with this subject, and this helped me a ton!

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