In chapter 8 we focus on cluster analysis.  Therefore, after reading the chapter answer the following questions: What are the characteristics of data? Compare the difference in each of the following clustering types: prototype-based, density-based, graph-based. What is a scalable clustering algorithm? How do you choose the right algorithm? Reply to at least two classmates' responses by the end of the week.  post from jazmine What are the characteristics of data? There are several characteristics of data that can influence cluster analyses. For example, high dimensionality reduces density of clusters (Tan et al., 2019). Large data sets also may not work well with clustering algorithms that are not scalable. Sparseness, noise in the data, and outliers also impact cluster analyses (2019). Finally, the scale of each variable particularly if the scales vary, the properties of the data space, and the types of variables (e.g. nominal, ordinal, discrete, continuous, etc.) are listed by Tan et al. (2019) as impacting cluster analyses. Compare the difference in each of the following clustering types: prototype-based, density-based, graph-based. Prototype-based clustering is when clusters are built based on the data point’s proximity to the prototype that defines the cluster (Tan et al., 2019). Graph-based clusters are comprised of interconnected objects; they are similar to prototype clustering in that they tend to be globular. Graph-based clusters tend to do well with irregular graphs/clusters (2019). Density-based clustering uses densely populated and sparsely populated areas to differentiate between clusters (dense areas) (Sehgal & Garg, 2014). Like graph-based clustering, density-based clustering works well with irregular and intertwined clusters. Unlike graph-based clustering, density-based does do well with noise and outliers. What is a scalable clustering algorithm? A scalable clustering algorithm is one that works well in increasing dimensions because it uses an appropriate amount of memory and takes an affordable amount of time. Many clustering algorithms only work well in small and medium spaces (Tan et al., 2019). Tan et al. (2019) mention two scalable clustering algorithms, CURE and BIRCH. These algorithms may use techniques to reduce computational and memory requirements such as sampling the data or first partitioning the data into disjoint sets. Other techniques include utilizing parallel and distributed computations, and summarization, which is to take one pass over the data then cluster based on the summaries (2019). How do you choose the right algorithm? In order to choose the right algorithm, you have to determine the best clustering technique based on shapes of the clusters, the distribution of the data, the densities of the clusters, and whether the clusters are well-separated (Tan et al., 2019). It is also important to determine is there is a relationship between the clusters and if the clusters only exist in subspaces (2019). Different clustering algorithms are suited for different data properties so for example, if a dataset has a lot of noise or many outliers, a suitable algorithm should be chosen that is flexible to these characteristics of the data. The number of data points, number of attributes, and characteristics of the data should also be considered (2019). post from santhosh: What are the characteristics of data? Data can be in any form of information: Data is any form of information that has been acquired and organized sensibly. Data, thus, are known facts, each of which carries an implied meaning. Data definition and characteristics are a very important database topic, and you should know at least a basic understanding of it. There are five qualitative data characteristics. When you have data of varying quality, do not think that all of it is of value. Data must be of high quality to yield an optimal return. To have this work, you must have specific traits in the data. These: Data should be exact, providing facts that are accurate and reliable. Precision saves time and money and time. Your due diligence to make sure the data you are using is credible. Dependable and consistent data Falsified data is worse than having no data at all. Compare the difference in each of the following clustering types: prototype-based, density-based, graph-based. Grouping the data objects based on the information found in the data that describes the objects and their relationships. The goal of clustering is creating groups such that the objects within a group be like one another and different from the objects in other groups. The greater the similarity within a group and the greater the difference between groups, the better the clustering quality. For data to be of high quality and be valuable, it must be relevant. However, in today's dynamic data-filled world, even all necessary information is not constantly updated. Data that is tailor-made to the individual user's requirements is exemplary. Additionally, the compound is processable, making it convenient for application. When prototype-based, density-based, and graph-based clustering is considered, there are significant differences. There are different ways to organize data according to the data objects' description of them and their relationships. The purpose of grouping data objects is to create distinct sets of things yet similar; as similarity within a group increases, the more significant the differences between groupings (Mingxiao, et. al 2017) What is a scalable clustering algorithm? To process data clustering, we must do the following: collect data samples, group the data, and then fine-tune the clusters. We demonstrate that a uniform selection from the original data results in a highly representative subset in the first step. We limit ourselves to several popular parametric techniques for simplicity. We follow this with the recommendation that customers use clustering and refinement algorithms. Generalizing the issue of long-term marriages, the clustering algorithm can be described as a stable marriage solution, whereas refining with constraints is an iterative relocation strategy with regulations. Other balanced clustering techniques have an approach complexity of O(kN log N), which is similar to the approach complexity of the entire approach. When we compare the performance of the unconstrained clustering method with the proposed framework, the framework performs about the same or better. The framework has been tested on many datasets, including those with high-dimensional features (i.e., more than 20,000). How do you choose the right algorithm? To have a better understanding of the situation, lots of data is required. Nonetheless, data availability is frequently a challenge. When the training data is short, or the dataset has fewer observations and more features like genetics or text data, use algorithms with low bias and high variances like Linear regression, Naive Bayes, or Linear SVM. Low bias/high variance methods like KNN, Decision trees, or kernel SVM can be used when the training dataset contains many observations, and the observation count exceeds the feature count. An accurate model will, with few exceptions, be able to accurately predict the response for an observation that is closer to the actual answer. Interpretable techniques, such as Linear Regression, have high interpretability because each predictor can be easily understood. Flexible models, such as LASSO, offer greater accuracy but at the expense of being interpretable.

Project Deliverable 1: Project Plan Inception This assignment consists of two (2) sections: a project introduction and a Gantt chart or project plan. You must submit both sections as separate files for the completion of this assignment. Label each file name according to the section of the assignment for which it is written. Additionally, you may create and / or assume all necessary assumptions needed for the completion of this assignment. You have been made the Chief Information Officer and Chief Technology Officer (CIO / CTO) of an innovative e-Commerce start-up company that a venture capital group has funded. The CEO has given you sixty (60) days to deliver an information technology project plan in anticipation of the company locating to a new facility. Since this is a start-up company, there is currently no building or technology infrastructure to support the business. All information technology (hardware and software) must be implemented in either a hosted solution, on-site solution or a hybrid model. The CEO is expecting you to integrate different technologies from different partners and incorporate industry best practices in connection with the development of technological systems. The new facility is a two-story stand-alone building. The company currently consists of ten (10) employees with revenues of $5 million but is expected to grow to thirty (30) employees with revenue of $30 million over the next two (2) years. Section 1: Project Introduction 1.Write a two to four (2-4) page project introduction that includes the following: a.Background information of the company. b.The type of business in which the company is involved. c.A description of the information systems that the company should have to support the business. The description should include the following: i.databases ii.systems analysis iii.security iv.networking v.computer infrastructure vi.human computer interaction vii.Web design d.The use of at least two (2) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length. Section 2: Gantt Chart / Project Plan Use Microsoft Project or an open source alternative, such as Open Project, to: 2.Create a Gantt chart or project plan (summary and detailed) template. The Gantt chart or project plan should: a.Record all tasks, subtasks, resources, and time related to the project. b.Outline the planning, analysis, design, and implementation phases. c.Develop in accordance with the systems development life cycle (SDLC). The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are: Describe the various integrative functions and processes within the information systems area, including databases, systems analysis, security, networking, computer infrastructure, human computer interaction, and Web design.Demonstrate the ability to evaluate organizational issues with integrative technological solutions.Use technology and information resources to research issues in information technology.Write clearly and concisely about strategic issues and practices in the information technology domain using proper writing mechanics and technical style conventions. Note:The assignment will be check for plagiarism. Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic/organization of the paper, and language and writing skills, using the following rubric found here. Points: 50 Project Deliverable 1: Project Plan Inception Criteria Unacceptable Below 60% F Meets Minimum Expectations 60-69% D Fair 70-79% C Proficient 80-89% B Exemplary 90-100% A Section 1: Project Introduction 1a. Include background information of the company. Weight: 15% Did not submit or incompletely included background information of the company. Insufficiently included background information of the company. Partially included background information of the company. Satisfactorily included background information of the company. Thoroughly included background information of the company. 1b. Include the type of business in which the company is involved. Weight: 20% Did not submit or incompletely included the type of business in which the company is involved. Insufficiently included the type of business in which the company is involved. Partially included the type of business in which the company is involved. Satisfactorily included the type of business in which the company is involved. Thoroughly included the type of business in which the company is involved. 1c. Include a description of the information systems that the company should have to support the business. 1ci. Include databases in the description. Weight: 5% Did not submit or incompletely included databases in the description. Insufficiently included databases in the description. Partially included databases in the description. Satisfactorily included databases in the description. Thoroughly included databases in the description. 1cii. Include systems analysis in the description. Weight: 5% Did not submit or incompletely included systems analysis in the description. Insufficiently included systems analysis in the description. Partially included systems analysis in the description. Satisfactorily included systems analysis in the description. Thoroughly included systems analysis in the description. 1ciii. Include security in the description. Weight: 5% Did not submit or incompletely included security in the description. Insufficiently included security in the description. Partially included security in the description. Satisfactorily included security in the description. Thoroughly included security in the description. 1civ. Include networking in the description. Weight: 5% Did not submit or incompletely included networking in the description. Insufficiently included networking in the description. Partially included networking in the description. Satisfactorily included networking in the description. Thoroughly included networking in the description. 1cv. Include computer infrastructure in the description. Weight: 5% Did not submit or incompletely included computer infrastructure in the description. Insufficiently included computer infrastructure in the description. Partially included computer infrastructure in the description. Satisfactorily included computer infrastructure in the description. Thoroughly included computer infrastructure in the description. 1cvi. Include human computer interaction in the description. Weight: 5% Did not submit or incompletely included human computer interaction in the description. Insufficiently included human computer interaction in the description. Partially included human computer interaction in the description. Satisfactorily included human computer interaction in the description. Thoroughly included human computer interaction in the description. 1cvii. Include Web design in the description. Weight: 5% Did not submit or incompletely included Web design in the description. Insufficiently included Web design in the description. Partially included Web design in the description. Satisfactorily included Web design in the description. Thoroughly included Web design in the description. 1d. 2 references Weight: 5% No references provided Does not meet the required number of references; all references poor quality choices. Does not meet the required number of references; some references poor quality choices. Meets number of required references; all references high quality choices. Exceeds number of required references; all references high quality choices. Section 2: Gantt Chart / Project Plan 2a. Record all tasks, subtasks, resources, and time related to the project. Weight: 5% Did not submit or incompletely recorded all tasks, subtasks, resources, and time related to the project. Insufficiently recorded all tasks, subtasks, resources, and time related to the project. Partially recorded all tasks, subtasks, resources, and time related to the project. Satisfactorily recorded all tasks, subtasks, resources, and time related to the project. Thoroughly recorded all tasks, subtasks, resources, and time related to the project. 2b. Outline the planning, analysis, design, and implementation phases. Weight: 5% Did not submit or incompletely outlined the planning, analysis, design, and implementation phases. Insufficiently outlined the planning, analysis, design, and implementation phases. Partially outlined the planning, analysis, design, and implementation phases. Satisfactorily outlined the planning, analysis, design, and implementation phases. Thoroughly outlined the planning, analysis, design, and implementation phases. 2c. Develop in accordance with the systems development life cycle (SDLC). Weight: 5% Did not submit or incompletely developed in accordance with the systems development life cycle (SDLC). Insufficiently developed in accordance with the systems development life cycle (SDLC). Partially developed in accordance with the systems development life cycle (SDLC). Satisfactorily developed in accordance with the systems development life cycle (SDLC). Thoroughly developed in accordance with the systems development life cycle (SDLC). 3. Clarity, writing mechanics, and formatting requirements Weight: 10% More than 8 errors present 7-8 errors present 5-6 errors present 3-4 errors present 0-2 errors present

1. In your own words, explain three types of business presentations created in Microsoft PowerPoint. Thoroughly explain your examples. Please count your words and do not use citations.Please ensure your word count for the discussion response is at least 250 words, and you provide two scholarly sources.2. Prepare a paper, which should be no more than two pages in length, which describes 3 features presented in unit 5’s reading and how you can apply those features to your daily life.3. In addition to synonyms, what does the Thesaurus allow you to look up?4. Using Microsoft PowerPoint or PowerPoint Online, create a PowerPoint presentation that shows information about a favorite vacation you have taken previously. Include at least 3 pictures from your destination. Change the design theme for the presentation from the default.5. Where do slide headers appear, if used?6. Using Microsoft PowerPoint or PowerPoint Online, create a PowerPoint presentation that contains your favorite things in nature. Change the design theme for the presentation from the default. Include at least two pictures. Apply a different picture style to each picture. Using the notes pane, type notes for each slide as if you were giving a presentation for the slideshow.7. Identify five chart types in Microsoft PowerPoint. Describe the chart types and give a example of how you can use each.8. If you would like to change the way the data is presented in a column chart, by adjusting the numbers on the vertical axis, what you would adjust?9. Using Microsoft PowerPoint or PowerPoint Online, create PowerPoint presentation advertising a business you would like to start up. Change the design theme for the presentation from the default. The presentation should include pictures formatted with a picture style.ALL ANSWERS MUST HAVE IN-TEXT CITATIONS, BUT # 1 ALL Answers must be cited and referenced in APA format consistent with APA template uploaded. minimum 200 word count on questions that it's applicable. 2,4,6, and 9 upload as separate files for each.