Methodology Section: 1.5-2Pages Research Framework – Discuss your paradigm, design or approach, and design type 1. Research Paradigm – Discuss your paradigm in terms of it being quantitative, qualitative, or mixed.(Refer to lecture notes for which one it is for this class) Quantitative 2. Research Design or Approach – Discuss your research design or approach (Refer to lecture notes for which one it is for this class and Text Chapters 5 and 6) Non Experimental Design Define/One-Shot Design Define. 3. Research Design Type – Based on your research design, discuss your research design type Secondary Analysis of Data Participants – Discuss who you will collect the data from for your research. Includes information on the population, meaning the characteristics-- race, gender, location, age, other demographics of interest) and the sample information below. (Refer to lecture notes for which one it is for this class and Text Chapter 10) 1. Sample – Discuss the type of sample you will use for your research (random or nonrandom) and how you will develop the sample (Ex. obtain list, etc.) Nonrandom Sample Define 2. Sample Option – Discuss the sample option that you will use for your research Discuss Nonrandom Sample 3. • • • • • Sample Size – Discuss the sample size for your research based on the size of your population Who: Surveying Health Care Providers in Prison Race: White, Black, Hispanic Gender: Male and Female Age:21 years old- 65 years old Data from Survey: Results from the survey show that the health care providers do not feel that the services provide to the prisoner is inequality. 4. Nonsampling Errors – Discuss the possible nonsampling errors that can occur with your research None Data Collection Procedures – Discuss your data collection method, instrumentation, and procedures for data collection (Refer to lecture notes and Text Chapters 4, 7, 8, and 9) 1. Data Collection Method – Discuss your data collection method 2. Instrumentation – Discuss your instrument, survey, document or other means for collecting the data for your research (Refer to lecture notes to which one it is for this class). Include – name: Prison Health Care Survey, how many questions:10, did you design it or using someone else’s (must give proper citation and credit), description of questions. 3. Analysis – Discuss specifics of how the data will be analyzed and presented that you collect from participants for the questions and question types in your instrument (Ex. All questions that measure the dependent variable will be analyzed using counts and percentages and xxx question findings by pie graphs, tables,). Running Head: HEALTHCARE IN PRISONS AND ASYLUMS Healthcare in Prisons and Asylums Name Institution Date 1 HEALTHCARE IN PRISONS AND ASYLUMS 2 Healthcare in Prisons and Asylums: An Examination of Government Policies Related to the Quality of Care at These Institutions Problem Area Rekh & Jain (2019) start their research by indicating that no society can be free from its flaws. This is why prisons exist within communities as correctional facilities to ensure the maintenance of law and order. However, in recent days, there has been quite some debate regarding the issue of healthcare extended to prisoners. It is essential to understand that prisoners are also human beings, just like free citizens. Therefore, they may face various healthcare needs ranging from the physical to the mental. On the physical, most prisoners will receive treatment, although it is not the same level as free citizens would receive, bringing in healthcare administration bias. The mental health front presents the biggest and most persistent challenge in the extension of healthcare to prisoners. While prisoners come into the prison with underlying mental health conditions, it is essential to acknowledge the role that the prisons' social world plays in the deterioration of mental health (Rekh & Jain, 2019). Prisoners often suffer the burden of first being in prison, grappling with the guilt of their crimes, alienation from society and family, possible harassment, and poor prison conditions, among others that are detrimental to the prisoners' overall health. Jacobi (2005) notes that most of the imprisoned individuals will come from poor backgrounds, uneducated and minority groups. Due to their poor living conditions, they may come to the prisons with chronic conditions and mental illnesses. The American prison system seems to care less about this, with no known system to ensure that there is fair treatment extended to these individuals. This then brings in the question of whether poor healthcare is meant to be part of the prisoners' punishment for their wrongdoing. In the real sense, if we were HEALTHCARE IN PRISONS AND ASYLUMS 3 to say that, it would be unfair. The individuals are already paying for the crime they committed by being in jail. Therefore, extending their punishment further would serve as an infringement of their rights. Importance of the Topic All the problems above reflect a society where there is inequality in the administration of healthcare among the prisoner population compared to free citizens, which the nation should strive to eliminate. The imbalance can further be seen from the research participation laws, such as banning prisoners in behavioral and biomedical research (Huang et al., 2017). Such regulations by the government prevent the extension of equal healthcare services. Although there is the acknowledgment that true equality in healthcare extension would take time, such backward policies must be dealt with as early as now to show effort on the government's side to make this right. Specific Research Hypothesis The good news is that there have already been cases challenging the status quo to bring better healthcare to our prisons. One of these cases is the Parsons v Ryan. The Arizona Department of Corrections was sued for the lack of indifference to the prisoners' healthcare needs, leading to deaths and other adverse effects on the prisoners (Rothschild, n.d). The fact that this was a class action suit shows that the United States prisoners, courts, and citizens, in general, are starting to realize the unfair practices. The other question that brings in cases is on assisted suicide for prisoners. Messinger (2019) notes that there has been no case that the U.S Supreme Court has ruled on assisted suicide for prisoners. However, landmark cases such as Washington v Glucksberg gave people the right to assisted dying. This may be a conflict put in prisoners' context, given that their constitutional right to liberty has already been withdrawn. Prisoners HEALTHCARE IN PRISONS AND ASYLUMS have the right to healthcare, but it is not clear where the law stands on their right to assisted suicide. With all these elements taken into account, this paper explores government policies related to the quality of care in prisons of the United States. 4 HEALTHCARE IN PRISONS AND ASYLUMS 5 References Huang, E., Cauley, J., & Wagner, J. (2017). Barred from better medicine? Reexamining regulatory barriers to the inclusion of prisoners in research. Journal of Law and the Biosciences Jacobi, J. (2005). Prison Health, Public Health: Obligations and Opportunities. American Journal of Law & Medicine Messinger, K. (2019). Death with Dignity for The Seemingly Undignified: Denial of Aid in Dying in Prison. The Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology Rekh, K., & Jain, R. (2019). A Qualitative Analysis of Restorative Practices in Prisons for Wellbeing and Health Laws. International Institute for Restorative Practices Europe Conference, Kortrijk, Belgium Rothschild, M. (n.d). Cruel and Unusual Prison Healthcare: A Look at The Arizona Class Action Litigation of Parsons V. Ryan and Systemic Deficiencies of Private Health Services in Prison. Arizona Law Review Running Head: HEALTHCARE IN PRISONS AND ASYLUMS Healthcare in Prisons and Asylums Name Institution Date 1 HEALTHCARE IN PRISONS AND ASYLUMS 2 Healthcare in Prisons and Asylums: An Examination of Government Policies Related to the Quality of Care at These Institutions Problem Area Rekh & Jain (2019) start their research by indicating that no society can be free from its flaws. This is why prisons exist within communities as correctional facilities to ensure the maintenance of law and order. However, in recent days, there has been quite some debate regarding the issue of healthcare extended to prisoners. It is essential to understand that prisoners are also human beings, just like free citizens. Therefore, they may face various healthcare needs ranging from the physical to the mental. On the physical, most prisoners will receive treatment, although it is not the same level as free citizens would receive, bringing in healthcare administration bias. The mental health front presents the biggest and most persistent challenge in the extension of healthcare to prisoners. While prisoners come into the prison with underlying mental health conditions, it is essential to acknowledge the role that the prisons' social world plays in the deterioration of mental health (Rekh & Jain, 2019). Prisoners often suffer the burden of first being in prison, grappling with the guilt of their crimes, alienation from society and family, possible harassment, and poor prison conditions, among others that are detrimental to the prisoners' overall health. Jacobi (2005) notes that most of the imprisoned individuals will come from poor backgrounds, uneducated and minority groups. Due to their poor living conditions, they may come to the prisons with chronic conditions and mental illnesses. The American prison system seems to care less about this, with no known system to ensure that there is fair treatment extended to these individuals. This then brings in the question of whether poor healthcare is meant to be part of the prisoners' punishment for their wrongdoing. In the real sense, if we were HEALTHCARE IN PRISONS AND ASYLUMS 3 to say that, it would be unfair. The individuals are already paying for the crime they committed by being in jail. Therefore, extending their punishment further would serve as an infringement of their rights. Importance of the Topic All the problems above reflect a society where there is inequality in the administration of healthcare among the prisoner population compared to free citizens, which the nation should strive to eliminate. The imbalance can further be seen from the research participation laws, such as banning prisoners in behavioral and biomedical research (Huang et al., 2017). Such regulations by the government prevent the extension of equal healthcare services. Although there is the acknowledgment that true equality in healthcare extension would take time, such backward policies must be dealt with as early as now to show effort on the government's side to make this right. Specific Research Hypothesis The good news is that there have already been cases challenging the status quo to bring better healthcare to our prisons. One of these cases is the Parsons v Ryan. The Arizona Department of Corrections was sued for the lack of indifference to the prisoners' healthcare needs, leading to deaths and other adverse effects on the prisoners (Rothschild, n.d). The fact that this was a class action suit shows that the United States prisoners, courts, and citizens, in general, are starting to realize the unfair practices. The other question that brings in cases is on assisted suicide for prisoners. Messinger (2019) notes that there has been no case that the U.S Supreme Court has ruled on assisted suicide for prisoners. However, landmark cases such as Washington v Glucksberg gave people the right to assisted dying. This may be a conflict put in prisoners' context, given that their constitutional right to liberty has already been withdrawn. Prisoners HEALTHCARE IN PRISONS AND ASYLUMS have the right to healthcare, but it is not clear where the law stands on their right to assisted suicide. With all these elements taken into account, this paper explores government policies related to the quality of care in prisons of the United States. 4 HEALTHCARE IN PRISONS AND ASYLUMS 5 References Huang, E., Cauley, J., & Wagner, J. (2017). Barred from better medicine? Reexamining regulatory barriers to the inclusion of prisoners in research. Journal of Law and the Biosciences Jacobi, J. (2005). Prison Health, Public Health: Obligations and Opportunities. American Journal of Law & Medicine Messinger, K. (2019). Death with Dignity for The Seemingly Undignified: Denial of Aid in Dying in Prison. The Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology Rekh, K., & Jain, R. (2019). A Qualitative Analysis of Restorative Practices in Prisons for Wellbeing and Health Laws. International Institute for Restorative Practices Europe Conference, Kortrijk, Belgium Rothschild, M. (n.d). Cruel and Unusual Prison Healthcare: A Look at The Arizona Class Action Litigation of Parsons V. Ryan and Systemic Deficiencies of Private Health Services in Prison. Arizona Law Review RESEARCH QUESTION AND METHOD In this section of the report, the research question will be identified and it should be tied to at least two of the courses in the MPA curriculum and/ or the student's area of concentration. The importance and relevance of the research question must be explained in the context of at least two core courses in the MPA curriculum and student's area of concentration. For example, how does the literature on the causes of HIV/AIDS and strategies to alleviate the disease contribute to Epidemiology? Or how do organizational leaders devise policies to effectively address the causes and approaches for combating AIDS?(Organizational theory). What is the relevance of the selected case study to the research question? For this capstone research report the prescribed method of research is a qualitative analysis based on secondary sources
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