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Running Head: Phase Transformation of Li-Ion Cathode Under Cyclic Conditions

Phase Transformations in Li-Ion Cathode Under Cyclic Conditions
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Running Head: Phase Transformation of Li-Ion Cathode Under Cyclic Conditions

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Abstract
In 1796, Alessandro Volta became the first person to develop a real battery which was
named Voltaic pile (Scrosati, 2011). The battery was capable of exploiting energy that was
delivered by impulsive redox reactions involving chemicals to produce power in controlled
amounts. Over the years, batteries have undergone drastic evolution from the era of Volta pile to
what is currently in existence, rechargeable Lithium-ion batteries (Scrosati, 2011). Modern-day
batteries are capable of serving multiple purposes such as portable devices, hybrid vehicles,
stationary machines that require renewable energy, among other functions.
Generally, a battery is a device constituting either one or several cells in which a
chemical reaction occurs to create electrons flow in circuit form (Scrosati, 2011). It converts
chemical energy found within to produce electrical energy for powering up other devices. A
battery is made of three important elements, namely, a negative electrode, a positive electrode,
and an electrolyte solution (Scrosati, 2011). A negative electrode, also known as an anode, is
responsible for accommodation ions while charging, then it releases electrons into the outside
circuit when discharging. The positive electrode, also referred to as cathode, is where electrons
that are produced leave the battery into a device being powered (Scrosati, 2011). On the other
hand, electrolyte solution contains dissociated salts that enable the transfer of ions between two
electrodes. With an increasing demand for power due to the increased production of energypowered devices, battery manufacturers always strive to improve on the quality and amount of
power a battery is capable of producing. The main aim in this improvement being witnessed in
battery manufacturing is to be able to produce high voltage batteries capable of serving more
purposes using the least possible resources that are less hazardous as well. The modern-day Liion battery is constituted of the graphite-based anode, a cathode made from active chemical

Running Head: Phase Transformation of Li-Ion Cathode Under Cyclic Conditions

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components which are most useful in powering portable devices, carbonate solvent mixtures that
use lithium salt as electrolyte.
In a bid to improve the performance and safety of these Li-ion batteries, drastic changes
have been made over the years through complete or phased transformation. The phased
transformation that has been witnessed lately is the changes in cathodes on the method in which
they emit the power to the devices. For instance, the introduction of new storage systems
generated that rely on cathodes of low cost, including sulfur in lithium-sulfur batteries.
Introduction.
Owing to the increased demand for high-voltage batteries, increased regulation on the
environmental safety of these batteries, and the need to cut production costs, battery
manufacturers are adopting safer measures and techniques for production Cathodes are
responsible for transmitting the produced energy within the battery to an external device. This
explains the increased emphasis put on the transformation of this aspect of the battery. It is to be
understood that, once the output source, cathode, has been managed accordingly, then the
concerns of safety and amount of power generated will have been dealt with satisfactorily (...