Writing Assignment: Evaluation Argument First Draft
Zixu Wang (Murphy)
LA 207 02: PERSUASION & ARGUMENT FOR THE MULTILINGUAL WRITER
April 6 , 2021
The direction of life
Parents are the number one influence in a child's life. However, few studies
provide direct evidence of the value transmission of children’s parents. But there is clear
evidence that parents can and do affect children. In China, parents are the first teachers
of their children. Usually, what kind of parents will teach what kind of children. Parents’
attitudes towards children, parental behavior and how parents educate their children all
play a decisive role in the growth of children.
In China, the attitude of parents to their children will largely determine the child's
character. If the life of a pair of parents is very unsatisfactory, it is not a daily quarrel, or
a cold war. In this state, the child is also in a state of forgotten, which will make the child
unable to appreciate the warmth of the family. The sense of their own presence in this
family. After such children grow up in such a family, they will have no yearning for
marriage, parents, and family because they don’t have much warmth to the family, nor
do they feel that family and marriage are warm and sacred. Yes, at the same time such
children are prone to jealousy, emotional instability, poor self-control, and even
misfortune. This will cause the child to dislike too much contact with others and cause
withdrawn personality. There are also parents who pretend to be busy with work, or
think that their children are behaved and unrestrained. Such children often play alone
and do whatever they want. They are prone to form a passive personality of being free
and indifferent, and because their children lack social experience. Once you encounter
a bad person, it is easy to be deceived and embark on a criminal path. There is an old
saying in China, "You can make a filial son with a stick, and you can't become a talent if
you don't beat it." At the same time, there are many parents enveloping the feudal
method, which imposes harsh measures on children. Although the wishes of the parents
are good, this method of coercive violence not only fails to work, but also makes the
child hostile towards the family, confronts the parents, forms a temperamental
personality or excessive humiliation by the parents, which will hurt the child’s
self-esteem. , Causing children to have an inferiority complex. Finally, the only child in
China is very easy to be spoiled by parents. The result is that it is easy for children to
develop dependence, difficult to leave their parents, lack of adaptability to the
environment, and difficult to adapt to society in the future. Spoiling is also easy to
develop into a passive personality such as spoiled arrogance, excessive desire,
willfulness, self-centeredness and so on. To sum up, it can be seen that those children
who grow up in an atmosphere lacking love in their families are full of picky, irony, and
violence, and they hide invisible scars in their hearts, and they cannot make up for and
repair their personality defects until they reach adulthood or even throughout their lives.
And those children who grow up in love in a harmonious family are mostly self-confident
and sunny, rarely go to extremes when encountering setbacks, and have a strong
healing ability. Only a family that is democratic and harmonious and pays attention to
educational methods can easily make children form hardworking, courageous, honest,
confident, happy, and enterprising characters. At the same time, this is also an
educational attitude that should be promoted in China.
The behavior of parents in daily life will also determine the growth of a child. The
behavior of parents will also affect the character and character of the child to a large
extent. Parents, as the children’s first enlightenment teachers, if many of the parents’
behaviors are not regulated, but do whatever they want, such children are likely to be
directly affected by bad influences, leading to many bad factors in their personality. The
most intuitive thing is that when parents are solving problems, they can’t speak well and
praise well, but always like to solve them with fists. Under the influence of this
environment, children may directly choose to talk with fists in the future, or Some
parents sound like they are arguing, even in public. Parents may think that there is no
problem, but children can imitate their parents to speak loudly, and for a long time to
develop the habit of speaking loudly and not paying attention to the occasion, it will also
be annoying. At the same time, some parents like to watch TV, mobile phones and other
technological products in front of their children, so their children are exposed to these
technological products in advance, and are obsessed with these technological products.
It will harm the child's health, and it will keep swearing and cause the child to be
rejected by others. Children are a blank sheet of paper when they are young. They will
imitate the way of speaking and behavior of adults. They will often deal with emotions
and behaviors from their parents invisibly. If parents are always evasive and decadent
when encountering things, The solution for children in the future is also timid and
decadent, or when the parents are in a bad mood, they will vent their emotions in the
form of violent anger. This will leave trauma to the child’s soul. In the same situation, the
child will be angry. As a solution to things. So if parents are cheerful, their children will
naturally become cheerful. In contrast, the parents are depressed, and the child's
personality will be relatively depressed. Therefore, parents should pay attention to their
daily behaviors. Parents' behavior determines the growth of a child.
In China, parents always use their cognition to decide what is right or wrong for
their children. Since ancient times, Chinese parents have attached great importance to
the education of their children. The three-character classic says that "the son does not
teach, the father's fault." And parents also hope that their child is a very capable person.
However, some parents always think that their children are an excuse to force their
worldviews and values into their children. Once they are disobedient, they will directly
become orders, regardless of their inner thoughts. When a child is young, the child is in
a learning process. In daily life, he doesn’t know how to express his thoughts and make
his own decisions. The more adults force the child to make decisions, the less the child
dared to express it. Become devoid of opinion. At the same time, children will feel that
they are not respected, and their character will become rebellious or weak. This kind of
education is most likely to have the following two situations. The first is that the child
does not comply. He always resists, loses his temper with his parents, and has to push
back no matter what the parents say, and at the same time, he will run away from home
in anger with his parents, etc. . In this situation, parents often lose their tempers and
conflict with their children. This family is like fighting every day. There is another, the
child is really succumbing, and he listens to what you say. But this kind of obedience
means that the child is afraid of his parents, and he listens to his parents in everything.
Then after such a child grows up, one of the biggest shortcomings is that he has no
initiative in doing things and is too obedient and obedient. He does not have his own
thoughts or preferences, because his thoughts and preferences are all arranged by his
parents. Once the parents who leave, he can choose his own affairs. He doesn't know
how to choose and has no opinion, because he has always obeyed his parents since he
was a child. In the future life, he will only listen to others and do things, without having
his own life. Therefore, in daily life, parents should consider that the child is an
independent individual. Parents can make requests in the process of disciplining their
children, but they must pay attention to let the child make decisions as much as
possible, and give the child sufficient feedback and such communication. , Tell the child
what is right, what is wrong and how to improve it. This kind of education can cultivate
the child into an independent individual with his own ideas.
In short, parents are the first teachers of their children. Parents’ attitudes towards
children, parental behavior and how parents educate their children will directly affect the
children’s future life.
Work Cited
Behavior Genetics, Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 51:1-27 (Volume publication
date February 2000), https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.51.1.1 Child and
Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative. (n.d.), National Survey of Children's Health:
Parental stress, childhealthdata.org/browse/survey/results?q=2259&r=1
Parents are the #1 influence in their children's lives, by Abbie Vianes MPC POSTED BY
DAVID GERSH ON MARCH 12, 2014,
https://www.upliftfamilies.org/parents_1_influence
How to establish the correct life orientation for children? , Piaoxiang Yijian 258, Release
time: 20-03-16, 14:26,
https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1661300861129482767&wfr=spider&for=pc
LA207: PERSUASION & ARGUMENT FOR THE MULTILINGUAL WRITER
Chapter Eight: Developing the evaluation
Integrating Research
We know that we need an MLA Works
Cited list at the end of the essay to list
the details of all the sources used, and
we know that those sources must pass
the CRAAP test: Current, Relevant,
Authoritative, Accurate, and Purposeful
(non-biased). But good writers need to
do more than just list excellent sources at
the end of an essay; they need to weave
those sources and the information in them
into their argument within the body of the
essay.
If a writer introduces a quotation, a
statistic, or any other piece of data (sound,
image, video, etc.), that writer must give
credit to the person who created it. We
use quotation marks to attribute words
to someone else, and just like in our
discussion of dialogue, we can use verbs
like “said” or “stated” or “wrote” to
introduce a quotation. If we use a famous
name like Barack Obama, it’s likely not
necessary to provide any other
information, so our quote might like like
this:
Barack Obama said, “We are and always will
be a nation of immigrants. We were strangers
once too.”
We might also use a different signal
phrase to show who said something:
According to President Obama, “The
immigration issue is, I recognize, one that
generates a lot of passion, but it does not make
sense for us to want to push talent out.”
Signal phrases can also include additional
information if the source may be
unfamiliar to the reader:
Obama’s official Whitehouse photographer
Pete Souza said, “My favorite photograph is the
one I will take tomorrow.”
And sometimes a source may not have a
name at all:
The mission of the National Endowment for
the Arts is to “give Americans the opportunity
to participate in the arts, exercise their
imaginations, and develop their creative
capacities.”
LA207: PERSUASION & ARGUMENT FOR THE MULTILINGUAL WRITER
MLA: In-Text Citation continued
We’ve learned how to use signal phrases
to introduce some research we want to
show a reader, but it’s also possible to
avoid using a signal phrase completely.
Sometimes the research itself may be
much more important than the name of
the person who produced it. If we want to
highlight the information or the publisher
and not the writer, we can use what’s
called parenthetical citation, which allows
you to put just the last name of the source
from a Works Cited list in parentheses at
the end of the quote:
“Quotation” (Name)
For example:
According to CNN, “Michelle Obama does not
hold back in her criticism of President Donald
Trump” (Mucha).
And then on the final page of the essay,
in the Works Cited list, we’d see the full
MLA citation:
Direct quotation is just one way that we
integrate research into a formal academic
argument. It may be the most common
but there are instances where other
techniques may be more appropriate:
1. Quotation
2. Paraphrase
3. Summary
Quotation has obvious benefits. It lets us
copy exactly what someone wrote or said.
It’s efficient, accurate, and easy.
However, there may be times when it’s
a better idea to paraphrase someone’s
words, which means to use your own
words to convey the meaning of the
original. You may want to simplify or
clarify the message of the original. Use
paraphrasing when you think you can say
something in a more compelling or easier
to understand way than the original writer.
Mucha, Sarah, and Jeff Zeleny. “Michelle
Obama Releases Closing Campaign
Message Calling Trump’s Actions ‘Morally
Wrong’ and ‘Racist’.” CNN, 6 Oct. 2020,
www.cnn.com/2020/10/06/politics/
Writers use a summary when they want
michelle-obama-vote-joe-biden-closingto shorten something down to its most
message/index.html. Accessed 10 Oct. 2020. essential information. You might use this
technique when you’ve read a long article
This allows the reader to know very
but you only want to present the overall
quickly which source is used (Mucha) and findings or conclusions to your reader.
All three techniques are vital to the
argument and all three require citation.
LA207: PERSUASION & ARGUMENT FOR THE MULTILINGUAL WRITER
Example of integrated research
The body paragraph on the right comes
from a final draft of an evaluation
argument in LA 207.
Notice how the writer uses quotation,
paraphrase, and summary to include
research that strengthens the claim that
embarassment or fear causes people to
avoid mental health care.
Every instance of research includes a
signal phrase and/or citation that makes
it clear whose ideas or words are being
used.
All of that research works together to
elevate this claim above just a subjective
opinion. It’s a claim supported by
reasons and evidence. In other words, a
persuasive and complete argument.
The report from Peterson-Kaiser
Health System Tracker shows that 10%
of respondents who reported they are
a family member didn’t receive needed
mental health care because they were afraid
or embarrassed to seek care. Mental or
behavioral illnesses are often perceived
by others as “acting weird”, “crazy” or
“dramatic” due to their uniqueness. All of
these words or phrases used to describe
mental illnesses are derogatory as a result
of stigma. Patrick W. Corrigan and Amy
C. Watson form the University of Chicago
Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation and
Chicago Consortium Stigma Research
categorize mental illness stigma into public
stigma and self-stigma, both of them have
the same three components: stereotype,
prejudice, and discrimination. In the case
of public stigma, the stereotype, which is
the negative belief about a group, is the
start of stigma. “Stereotypes are considered
‘social’ because they represent collectively
agreed upon notions of groups of persons.
They are ‘efficient’ because people
can quickly generate impressions and
expectations of individuals who belong to a
stereotyped group” (Corrigan and Watson).
For example, the thought that people
with mental illnesses are dangerous. The
stereotype is followed by prejudice, which
leads people who agree that mentally ill
people are dangerous to be afraid of them.
LA207: PERSUASION & ARGUMENT FOR THE MULTILINGUAL WRITER
An Introduction to Logical Fallacies
The term logical fallacy simply means an
error or mistake in logic, or to put it even
more simply, a bad argument.
Even with the best research and perfect
grammar and style, every human might
still be making a mistake with the basics
of their argument.
It takes a lot of practice to be able to
see our own errors, and it’s usually in
examining the mistakes of others that
we can see some of our own logical
shortcomings.
Here are seven common examples:
1. Rationalization
2. Straw Man
A straw man argument involves setting up
a fake, extreme, even ridiculous version of
the opponent’s argument that is easy to
defeat. For example:
Those left-wing liberals want everyone to
just sit at home collecting free money from
the government.
You might also call this one “making
excuses”. The rationalization fallacy allows or
someone to give one reason or cause for
something when the two are not actually
Those right-wing conservatives want
connected. For example:
everyone who can’t work to starve to death
I’m out of money, but I studied really hard
this week, so it’s OK for me to go shopping.
or
My parent’s restaurant has terrible food and
service, but I didn’t give them a 5-star Yelp
review because they’re family. They’re a
small business. They need the support.
in the streets.
LA207: PERSUASION & ARGUMENT FOR THE MULTILINGUAL WRITER
Fallacies continued
3. False Analogy
5. Hasty Generalization
This could also be called false
comparison. While comparisons and
analogies are often excellent ways to
make an argument, sometimes things
are just too different to believe there’s a
relevant connection between them. For
example:
This is often referred to as jumping to
conclusions, or simply stereotyping and
prejudice. The fallacy occurs when we
rush to big conclusions based on a small
amount of evidence. For example:
No one has a problem with me looking
up some information while I’m doing my
homework. Why shouldn’t I be able to look
up information during my final exam?
or
Forcing people to register their cars with
the government is like the Nazis forcing
citizens to register their race or religion. It’s
fascist.
4. Either-Or
This fallacy is also sometimes called
the false choice fallacy. The argument
presents only two choices when in fact
there may be many other options. For
example:
There are only two parties to vote for, so
you might as well just choose one.
or
Either we ban fishing completely or there
won’t be any more fish.
That fine art class I took was so easy. That
department must be the easiest in the
school.
or
I’ve seen the same homeless guy outside my
apartment sleeping in trash. All homeless
people are disgusting.
6. Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc
This is a long Latin phrase that essentially
means just because something happened
before doesn’t mean it caused something
else. Or in other words, correlation does
not equal causation. For example:
I was wearing the same green hat when I
found some money on the street twice last
month. It’s my lucky hat.
or
Children with autism begin showing
signs of it around the same time or just
after receiving vaccines. We need to stop
vaccinating our children.
LA207: PERSUASION & ARGUMENT FOR THE MULTILINGUAL WRITER
CHAPTER eight Writing Exercise
Consider the logical fallacies discussed in this chapter (or you
may choose to look up others online). Choose one, and write an
example claim/argument that demonstrates the particular error
in thinking. Make sure you write your own; do not copy someone
else’s. Do not tell us which fallacy it is. If we have time in our next
class, we will try to guess which fallacy you were demonstrating:
Rationalization
Straw Man
False Analogy
Either-Or
Hasty Generalization
Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc
Some other common fallacies you may want to look up
independently:
Slippery Slope
Ad Hominem
Non Sequitur
Oversimplification
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