PHI 2010 Strayer Wk 2 Permissive Restrictions for Firearms Ranks Highly Questions

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Ybiroht16

Humanities

PHI 2010

Strayer University

PHI

Question Description

I'm working on a psychology multi-part question and need support to help me understand better.

I have attached the article for this assignment.

Now it’s time to practice thinking through a controversial issue carefully. Gun control is a topic that often elicits strong feelings, and you may already have a firm opinion about it. Perhaps even just hearing the words “gun control” makes you feel an instant emotional response. Try to put those feelings aside so you can practice the believing game and the doubting game to examine the reasonable (and unreasonable) aspects of various perspectives and opinions.

You can explore these perspectives by examining the pro/con list provided byProCon.org, a nonpartisan nonprofit organization that provides these lists for a number of controversial issues. The pro side lists reasons for supporting each issue, and the con side lists reasons for opposing each issue. In this activity, you’ll focus on the issue of gun control.

RESPONSE BOARD

  1. Explain what you believe is the most compelling reason listed by ProCon.org for supporting the conclusion that more gun control laws SHOULD be enacted.
  2. Explain what you believe is the most compelling reason listed by ProCon.org for supporting the conclusion that more gun control laws SHOULD NOT be enacted.
  3. Imagine the perspective of an abuse victim whose partner has threatened to shoot them on multiple occasions. How might this person view the issue of gun control?
  4. Imagine the perspective of an avid hunter who likes to use guns labeled as assault rifles to hunt deer. How might this person view the issue of gun control?
  5. Did considering multiple viewpoints and new information on this topic have any impact on your original opinion about whether more gun control laws should be enacted?

Choices

  • Yes, I’m strongly reconsidering.
  • Yes, it made me think a little more about the other side.
  • Yes, but not enough to change my mind.
  • No, not even a little bit.

Unformatted Attachment Preview

4/15/2021 Gun Control - Pros & Cons - ProCon.org GUN CONTROL Should More Gun Control Laws Be Enacted? Last updated on: 8/7/2020 | Author: ProCon.org The United States has 120.5 guns per 100 people, or about 393,347,000 guns, which is the highest total and per capita number in the world. 22% of Americans own one or more guns (35% of men and 12% of women). America’s pervasive gun culture stems in part from its colonial history, revolutionary roots, frontier expansion, and the Second Amendment, which states: “A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.” Proponents of more gun control laws state that the Second Amendment was intended for militias; that gun violence would be reduced; that gun restrictions have always existed; and that a majority of Americans, including gun owners, support new gun restrictions. https://gun-control.procon.org 1/26 4/15/2021 Gun Control - Pros & Cons - ProCon.org Opponents say that the Second Amendment protects an individual’s right to own guns; that guns are needed for self-defense from threats ranging from local criminals to foreign invaders; and that gun ownership deters crime rather than causes more crime. Read more background… Pro & Con Arguments Pro 1 Con 1 The Second Amendment is not an unlimited right to own guns. The Second Amendment of the US Constitution protects individual gun ownership. In the June 26, 2008 District of Columbia et al. v. Heller US Supreme Court majority opinion, Justice Antonin Scalia, LLB, wrote, “Like most The Second Amendment of the US Constitution reads, “A well regulated militia, rights, the right secured by the Second Amendment is not unlimited… nothing in our opinion should be taken to cast doubt on longstanding prohibitions on the possession of rearms by felons and the mentally ill, or laws forbidding the carrying of rearms in being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.” Gun ownership is an American tradition older than the country itself and is protected by the Second Amendment; more gun control laws would infringe upon the sensitive places such as schools and government buildings, or laws imposing conditions and quali cations on the commercial sale of arms.” [3] On June 9, 2016 the US Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled 7-4 that “[t]he right of the general public to carry a concealed rearm in public is not, and never right to bear arms. Justice Antonin Scalia, LLB, in the June 26, 2008 District of Columbia et al. v. Heller US Supreme Court majority opinion syllabus stated, “The Second Amendment protects an individual right to possess a rearm unconnected with service in a militia, and to use that arm for traditionally lawful has been, protected by the Second Amendment,” thus upholding a law requiring a permitting process and “good cause” for concealed carry licenses in California. [145][146] A 2018 study found that 91% of the 1,153 court cases with claims stating a government action or law violates the Second Amendment purposes, such as self-defense within the home.” [3] The McDonald v. City of Chicago (2010) ruling also stated that the Second Amendment is an individual right. [51] Lawrence Hunter, Chairman of Revolution PAC, stated, “The Founders understood that the right to own and bear laws is as fundamental between the 2008 DC v. Heller decision and Feb. 1, 2016 failed. [157] and as essential to maintaining liberty as are the rights of free speech, a free press, freedom https://gun-control.procon.org 2/26 4/15/2021 Gun Control - Pros & Cons - ProCon.org Pro 2 More gun control laws would reduce gun deaths. There were 572,537 total gun deaths between 1999 and 2016: 336,579 suicides (58.8% of total gun deaths); 213,175 homicides (37.2%); and 11,428 unintentional deaths (2.0%). [162] Guns were the leading cause of death by homicide (67.7% of all homicides) and by suicide (51.8% of all suicides). [162] A study in the New England Journal of Medicine found that rearms were the second leading cause of deaths for children, responsible for 15% of child deaths compared to 20% in motor vehicle crashes. [30] A study published in the American Journal of Public Health found that “legal purchase of a handgun appears to be associated with a long-lasting increased risk of violent death” [6] According to a Mar. 10, 2016 Lancet study, implementing federal universal background checks could reduce rearm deaths by a projected 56.9%; background checks for ammunition purchases could reduce deaths by a projected 80.7%; and gun identi cation requirements could reduce deaths by a projected 82.5%. [148] Gun licensing laws were associated with a 14% decrease in rearm homicides, while increases in rearm homicides were seen in places with right-to-carry and stand-your ground-laws.[158] [160] of religion and the other protections against government encroachments on liberty delineated in the Bill of Rights.” [52] Con 2 Gun control laws do not deter crime; gun ownership deters crime. A study in Applied Economics Letters found that “assault weapons bans did not signi cantly affect murder rates at the state level” and “states with restrictions on the carrying of concealed weapons had higher gun-related murders.” [103] While gun ownership doubled in the twentieth century, the murder rate decreased. [53] John R. Lott, Jr., PhD, author of More Guns, Less Crime: Understanding Crime and Gun Control Laws, stated, “States with the largest increases in gun ownership also have the largest drops in violent crimes… The effect on ‘shall-issue’ [concealed gun] laws on these crimes [where two or more people were killed] has been dramatic. When states passed these laws, the number of multiple-victim shootings declined by 84 percent. Deaths from these shootings plummeted on average by 90 percent and injuries by 82 percent.” [54] More than twothirds of gun owners cite protection as a major reason for owning a gun. [55] Journalist John Stossel explained, “Criminals don’t obey the law… Without the fear of retaliation from victims who might be packing heat, criminals in possession of these [illegal] weapons now have a much easier job… As the saying goes, ‘If guns are outlawed, only outlaws will have guns.'” [56] https://gun-control.procon.org 3/26 4/15/2021 Gun Control - Pros & Cons - ProCon.org Pro 3 High-capacity magazines should be banned because they too often turn murder into mass murder. A Mother Jones investigation found that highcapacity magazines were used in at least 50% of the 62 mass shootings between 1982 and 2012. [7] When high-capacity magazines were used in mass shootings, the death rate rose 63% and the injury rate rose 156%. [8] David H. Chipman, Senior Vice President of Public Safety for ShotSpotter and former Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) agent, stated that a high-capacity magazine “turns a killer into a killing machine.” Some gang members use high-capacity magazines, such as 30 rounds or even 90 [7] rounds, to compensate for lack of accuracy and maximize the chance to harm. [9] According to a Feb. 2019 NPR poll, 65% of Americans believed banning high-capacity magazines would reduce gun violence. [165] https://gun-control.procon.org 4/26 4/15/2021 Gun Control - Pros & Cons - ProCon.org Pro 4 Con 3 More gun control laws are needed to protect women from domestic abusers and stalkers. Gun control laws infringe upon the right to self-defense and deny people a sense of safety. Five women are murdered with guns every day in the United States. [10] A woman’s risk of According to the National Ri e Association (NRA), guns are used for self-defense 2.5 being murdered increases 500% if a gun is present during a domestic dispute. [11] During million times a year. [57] The police cannot protect everyone all of the time. 61% of men the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, 5,364 US soldiers were killed in action between Oct. 7, and 56% of women surveyed by Pew Research said that stricter gun laws would “make it 2001 and Jan. 28, 2015; between 2001 and more di cult for people to protect their homes 2012 6,410 women were killed with a gun by an intimate partner in the United States. [10][12] and families.” [58] Nelson Lund, JD, PhD, Professor at George Mason University School A 2003 study of 23 populous high-income countries found that 86% of women killed by of Law, stated, “The right to self-defense and to the means of defending oneself is a basic rearms were in the United States and American women are 11.4 times more likely to natural right that grows out of the right to life” and “many [gun control laws] interfere with the be the victims of gun homicides [13] 57% of ability of law-abiding citizens to defend mass shootings involved domestic violence. [11][14] For example, the 2011 mass shooting themselves against violent criminals.” [59] Constitutions in 37 US states protect the right at a Seal Beach, CA hair salon reportedly began because of the shooter’s custody battle to bear arms for self-defense, most with explicit language such as Alabama’s: “every with his ex-wife who was a hair stylist at the salon. [11][8] 31 states do not ban convicted citizen has a right to bear arms in defense of himself and the state.” [60][61] Wayne LaPierre, misdemeanor stalkers from owning guns and Executive Vice President of the NRA, stated, 41 states do not force convicted domestic abusers from relinquishing guns they already “The only thing that stops a bad guy with a gun is a good guy with a gun.” [62] A May 9, 2013 own. [10][14] 76% of women murdered and 85% of women who survived a murder attempt by 48% of convicted felons surveyed admitted that they avoided committing crimes when an intimate partner were stalked in the year before the murder or murder attempt. [15] they knew the victim was armed with a gun. [63] Pew Foundation report found that 79% of male gun owners and 80% of female gun owners said owning a gun made them feel safer and 64% of people living in a home in which someone else owns a gun felt safer. [58] Even Senator Dianne Feinstein, a gun control advocate, carried a concealed gun when her https://gun-control.procon.org 5/26 4/15/2021 Gun Control - Pros & Cons - ProCon.org Pro 5 Guns are rarely used in self-defense. life was threatened and her home attacked by the New World Liberation Front in the 1970s. [64] Of the 29,618,300 violent crimes committed between 2007 and 2011, 0.79% of victims (235,700) protected themselves with a threat of use or use of a rearm, the least-employed protective behavior. [16] In 2010 there were 230 “justi able homicides” in which a private citizen used a rearm to kill a felon, compared to 8,275 criminal gun homicides (or, 36 criminal homicides for every “justi able homicide”). [17] Of the 84,495,500 property crimes committed between 2007 and 2011, 0.12% of victims (103,000) protected themselves with a threat of use or use of a rearm. [16] https://gun-control.procon.org 6/26 4/15/2021 Gun Control - Pros & Cons - ProCon.org Pro 6 Con 4 Legally owned guns are frequently stolen and used by criminals. Gun control laws, especially those that try to ban “assault weapons,” infringe upon the right to own guns for hunting and sport. A June 2013 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report states that “[a]lmost all guns used in criminal acts enter circulation via initial legal In 2011, there were 13.7 million hunters 16 transaction.” [18] Between 2005 and 2010, 1.4 million guns were stolen from US homes during property crimes (including burglary and car theft), a yearly average of 232,400. [19] Ian years old or older in the United States, and they spent $7.7 billion on guns, sights, ammunition, and other hunting equipment. [65] [66] High-powered semiautomatic ri es and Ayres, JD, PhD, and John J. Donohue, JD, PhD, Professors of Law at Yale Law School and Stanford Law School respectively, state, “with shotguns are used to hunt and in target shooting tournaments each year. [67] According to the National Shooting Sports guns being a product that can be easily carried away and quickly sold at a relatively high fraction of the initial cost, the presence of more guns can actually serve as a stimulus to Foundation, “So-called ‘Assault weapons’ are more often than not less powerful than other hunting ri es. The term ‘assault weapon’ was conjured up by anti-gun legislators to scare burglary and theft. Even if the gun owner had a permit to carry a concealed weapon and would never use it in furtherance of a crime, is voters into thinking these rearms are something out of a horror movie… [T]he Colt AR-15 and Spring eld M1A, both labeled it likely that the same can be said for the burglar who steals the gun?” [20] ‘assault weapons,’ are the ri es most used for marksmanship competitions in the United States. And their cartridges are standard hunting calibers, useful for game up to and including deer.” [68] According to a Feb. 2013 Pew Research report, 32% of gun owners owned guns for hunting and 7% owned guns for target or sport shooting. [58] https://gun-control.procon.org 7/26 4/15/2021 Gun Control - Pros & Cons - ProCon.org Pro 7 Con 5 Gun control laws would reduce the societal costs associated with gun violence. Gun control laws will not prevent criminals from obtaining guns or breaking laws. The more than 100,000 people shot in the United States each year generate emergency room and hospital charges of nearly $3 billion. [163] A study in the American Journal of Public Of 62 mass shootings in the United States between 1982 and 2012, 49 of the shooters used legally obtained guns. Collectively, 143 guns were possessed by the killers with about Health estimated that hospitalizations for rearm-related injuries cost Medicaid and Medicare $2.7 billion over nine years. [21] A study in the American Journal of Public Health estimated that hospitalizations for rearmrelated injuries cost Medicaid and Medicare $2.7 billion over nine years. [22] 84% of those injured by rearms are uninsured, leaving taxpayers responsible for most of those bills through programs like Medicaid. [23][24][25][26] According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the costs of gun violence can include legal services, medical costs, perpetrator control, policing, incarceration, foster care, private security, lost earnings and time, life insurance, productivity, tourism, and psychological costs (pain and suffering), among others. [25] Homicide rates doubling has been associated with a 12.5% decline in property values. [25] 75% obtained legally. [69] A Secret Service analysis found that of 24 mass shootings in 2019 at least 10 (42%) involved illegally possessed guns. [176] John R. Lott, Jr., PhD, gun rights activist, stated, “The problem with such [gun control] laws is that they take away guns from law-abiding citizens, while would-be criminals ignore them.” [70] According to a Bureau of Justice Statistics May 2013 report, 37.4% of state prison inmates who “used, carried, or possessed a rearm when they committed the crime for which they were serving a prison sentence” obtained the gun from a family member or friend. [16] Despite Chicago’s ban on gun shops, shooting ranges, assault weapons, and high capacity magazines, in 2014 Chicago had 2,089 shooting victims including at least 390 murders. [71][72][73] Approximately 50,000 guns were recovered by police in Chicago between 2001 and Mar. 2012. The guns came from all 50 states, and more than half came from outside of Illinois. [74] https://gun-control.procon.org 8/26 4/15/2021 Gun Control - Pros & Cons - ProCon.org Pro 8 Con 6 A majority of adults, including gun owners, support common sense gun control such as background checks, bans on assault weapons, and bans on high-capacity magazines. Gun control laws give too much power to the government and may result in government tyranny and the government taking away all guns from citizens. According to a Feb. 20, 2018 Quinnipiac Poll, 97% of American voters and 97% of gun owners support universal background checks. 57% of people surveyed by Pew Research in Feb. 2013 said that gun control laws would “give too much power to the government over 67% support a nationwide ban on assault weapons, and 83% support mandatory waiting periods for gun purchases. [155] As much as 40% of all gun sales are undocumented private the people.” [58] The NRA’s Wayne LaPierre stated, “if you look at why our Founding Fathers put it [the Second Amendment] there, they had lived under the tyranny of King party gun sales that do not require a background check (aka the “gun show loophole”). [28] 53% of all adults surveyed George and they wanted to make sure that these free people in this new country would never be subjugated again and have to live approve of high-capacity magazine bans. [27] 89% of adults with a gun in the home approve of laws to prevent the purchase of guns by the mentally ill, and 82% approve of banning gun under tyranny.” [75] Alex Jones, radio host, in a Jan 7, 2013 interview with Piers Morgan, stated, “The Second Amendment isn’t there for duck hunting, it’s there to protect us from sales to people on no- y lists. [27] 77% of Americans support requiring a license to purchase a gun. [165] Don Macalady, member tyrannical government and street thugs… 1776 will commence again if you try to take our rearms!” [76] of Hunters against Gun Violence, stated, “As a hunter and someone who has owned guns since I was a young boy, I believe that commonsense gun legislation makes us all safer. Background checks prevent criminals and other dangerous people from getting guns.” [29] https://gun-control.procon.org 9/26 4/15/2021 Gun Control - Pros & Cons - ProCon.org Pro 9 Con 7 More gun control leads to fewer suicides. Gun control laws such as background checks and micro-stamping are an invasion of privacy. Between 1999 and 2013 there were 270,237 rearm suicides in the United States, accounting for about 52% of all suicides during those years. [4] When US gun ownership Background checks would require government databases that keep personal individual information on gun owners, including name, goes down, overall suicide rates drop; meanwhile, each 10 percentage-point increase in gun ownership is linked to a 26.9% increase addresses, mental health history, criminal records, and more. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) worried that Senator in the youth suicide rate. [31][164] Female rsttime rearm owners were 35 times more likely to commit suicide within 12 years of buying the gun compared to women who did not own Harry Reid’s 2013 proposed background check legislation (the bill failed 54-46) would have allowed the government to keep databases of gun purchases inde nitely, creating a “worry guns; male rst-time rearm owners were about eight times more likely to do so. [171] [172] Firearm-related suicides accounted for that you’re going to see searches of the databases and an expansion for purposes that were not intended when the information was 61% of the gun deaths in the United States between 2000 and 2010. [18] Researchers found that a “general barrier to rearm access created through state regulation can have a collected.” [77][78] Micro-stamping similarly requires a database of gun owners and the codes their personal guns would stamp on cartridge cases. [79] Senators Rand Paul (R- signi cant deterrent effect on male suicide rates in the United States. Permit requirements and bans on sales to minors were the most effective of the regulations KY), Mike Lee (R-UT), and Ted Cruz (R-TX) wrote that they would oppose any legislation that infringes “on the American people’s constitutional right to bear arms, or on their analyzed.” [32] In Indiana and Connecticut, after “red ag” laws to remove guns from people who may pose a threat were enacted, gun ability to exercise this right without being subjected to government surveillance.” [80] suicides decreased by 7.5% and 13.7% respectively, while suicides by other means did not decrease during the same time. [158][159] A person who wants to kill him/herself is unlikely to commit suicide with poison or a knife when a gun is unavailable. [33] https://gun-control.procon.org 10/26 4/15/2021 Gun Control - Pros & Cons - ProCon.org Con 8 More gun control is unnecessary because relatively few people are killed by guns. According to the CDC’s “Leading Causes of Death Reports,” between 1999 and 2013, Americans were 21.5 times more likely to die of heart disease (9,691,733 deaths); 18.7 times more likely to die of malignant tumors (8,458,868 deaths); and 2.4 times more likely to die of diabetes or 2.3 times more likely to die of Alzheimer’s (1,080,298 and 1,053,207 respectively) than to die from a rearm (whether by accident, homicide, or suicide). [4] The u and related pneumonia (875,143 deaths); tra c accidents (594,280 deaths); and poisoning whether via accident, homicide, or suicide (475,907 deaths) all killed more people between 1999 and 2013 than rearms. Firearms were the 12th leading cause of deaths for all deaths between 1999 and 2013, responsible for 1.3% of deaths with 464,033 [4] deaths. [4] Internationally, the claim that the United States has a major problem with rearm homicide is exaggerated. The United States is ranked 28 in international homicide rates with 2.97 gun murders per 100,000 people in 2012. [89] https://gun-control.procon.org 11/26 4/15/2021 Gun Control - Pros & Cons - ProCon.org Pro 10 Con 9 Enacting gun control laws such as mandatory safety features would reduce the number of accidental gun deaths. Gun control laws and lower gun ownership rates do not prevent suicides. Approximately 50% of unintentional fatal shootings were self-in icted; and most unintentional rearm deaths were caused by Lithuania has one of the world’s lowest gun ownership rates (0.7 guns per 100 people) but its suicide rate (by any method) was 45.06 per 100,000 people in 1999, the highest suicide friends or family members. [18][4] According to the Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence and the National Physicians Alliance, states with the highest concentration of guns have nine times the amount of accidental gun deaths and “89% of unintentional shooting deaths of children occur in the home—and most of these rate among 71 countries with available information. [44] Japan has a low gun ownership rate at 0.6 guns per 100 people and a high suicide rate of 18.41 suicides per 100,000 people in 1997 (ranking it 11 out of 71 countries). [44][45] South Korea has a low gun ownership rate (1.1 guns per 100 people) but deaths occur when children are playing with a loaded gun in their parents’ absence.” [34] The US General Accountability O ce (GAO) estimated that 31% of total accidental shooting deaths could have been prevented by installing safety devices on guns: 100% of deaths per year in which a child under 6 years has a high rate of suicide and the highest rate of gun suicides (12.63 per 100,000 people in 1997). [44][45] By contrast the United States has the 26th highest suicide rate (12.3 suicides per 100,000 people in 2011) and the highest gun ownership rate (88.8 guns per 100 people). [44][45] Jim Barrett, author for old shoots and kills him/herself or another child could be prevented by automatic childproof safety locks; and 23% of accidental shooting deaths by adolescents and adults per year could be prevented by loading indicators showing when a bullet was in the chamber ready to be red. [35] Marjorie San lippo, PhD, TheTruthAboutGuns.com, stated, “the theory that the restriction or elimination of guns would have a positive effect on the overall suicide rate in the U.S. does not hold up under scrutiny.” [81] Professor of Psychology at Eckerd College who has researched children’s behavior around guns, stated, “We put gates around swimming pools to keep children from drowning. We put safety caps on medications to keep children from poisoning themselves… [B]ecause children are naturally curious and impulsive, and because we have shown time https://gun-control.procon.org 12/26 4/15/2021 Gun Control - Pros & Cons - ProCon.org and again that we cannot ‘gun-proof’ them with education, we have a responsibility to keep guns out of the hands of children.” [36] Pro 11 The presence of a gun makes a con ict more likely to become violent. The FBI found that in 2013 arguments (such as romantic triangles, brawls fueled by alcohol or drugs, and arguments over money) resulted in 1,962 gun deaths (59.9% of the total). [37] A June 1985 study published in the American Journal of Public Health found that “the weapons used [in altercations]… were those closest at hand.” [38] An editorial published in the June 1985 American Journal of Public Health noted, “gun-in icted deaths [often] ensue from impromptu arguments and ghts; in the US, two-thirds of the 7,900 deaths in 1981 involving arguments and brawls were caused by guns.” [39] A 1993 study published in The New England Journal of Medicine found that “[r]ather than confer protection, guns kept in the home are associated with an increase in the risk of homicide by a family member or intimate acquaintance.” [40] Con 10 More gun control is not needed; education about guns and gun safety is needed to prevent accidental gun deaths. 95% of all US gun owners believe that children should learn about gun safety. [154] Guns don’t kill people; people kill people. And people need more gun education and mental illness screening to prevent massacres.The Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers’ Institute, Inc (SAAMI), stated, “Whether in the eld, at the range or in the home, a responsible and knowledgeable gun owner is rarely involved in a rearms accident of any kind.” [82] Heidi Cifelli, Former Program Manager of the NRA’s Eddie Eagle GunSafe Program, stated, “Gun education is the best way to save young lives.” [83] The NRA states that the Eddie Eagle program is not meant to “teach whether guns are good or bad, but rather to promote the protection and safety of children… Like swimming pools, electrical outlets, matchbooks, and household poison, they’re [guns] treated simply as a fact of everyday life.” [84] According to Kyle Wintersteen, Managing Editor of Guns and Ammo, studies show that “children taught about rearms and their legitimate uses by family members have much lower rates of delinquency than children in households without guns” and “children introduced to guns associate them with freedom, security, and recreation—not violence.” [85] https://gun-control.procon.org 13/26 4/15/2021 Gun Control - Pros & Cons - ProCon.org Pro 12 Con 11 Armed civilians are unlikely to stop crimes and are more likely to make dangerous situations, including mass shootings, more deadly. Gun control laws would prevent citizens from protecting themselves from foreign invaders. None of the 62 mass shootings between 1982 and 2012 was stopped by an armed civilian. [41] Gun rights activists regularly state that a 2002 mass shooting at the Appalachian School of Law in Virginia was stopped by armed students, but those students were current and former law enforcement o cers and the killer was out of bullets when subdued. [41] Other mass shootings often held up as examples of armed citizens being able to stop mass shootings involved law enforcement or military personnel and/or the shooter had stopped shooting before being subdued, such as a 1997 high school shooting in Pearl, MS; a 1998 middle school dance shooting in Edinboro, PA; a 2007 church shooting in Colorado Springs, CO; and a 2008 bar shooting in Winnemucca, NV. [42] Jeffrey Voccola, Assistant Professor of Writing at Kutztown University, notes, “The average gun The Libertarian Party stated, “A responsible, well-armed and trained citizenry is the best protection against domestic crime and the threat of foreign invasion.” [86] Counsel for the NRA stated, “It is evident that the framers of the Constitution did not intend to limit the right to keep and bear arms to a formal military body or organized militia, but intended to provide for an ‘unorganized’ armed citizenry prepared to assist in the common defense against a foreign invader or a domestic tyrant.” [87] Marco Rubio (R-FL), US Senator, speaking about gun control laws during his 2016 presidential campaign, stated, “If God forbid, ISIS visits our life, our neighborhood, our school, any part of us, the last thing standing, the last line of defense could very well be our ability to protect ourselves.” [149] owner, no matter how responsible, is not trained in law enforcement or on how to handle life-threatening situations, so in most cases, if a threat occurs, increasing the number of guns only creates a more volatile and dangerous situation.” [43] https://gun-control.procon.org 14/26 4/15/2021 Gun Control - Pros & Cons - ProCon.org Pro 13 Con 12 Countries with restrictive gun control laws have lower gun homicide and suicide rates than the United States. Strict gun control laws do not work in Mexico, and will not work in the United States. Both Switzerland and Finland require gun owners to acquire licenses and pass background checks that include mental and criminal records, among other restrictions and requirements. [44] In 2007 Switzerland ranked Mexico has some of the strictest gun control laws in the world and yet, in 2012, Mexico had 11,309 gun murders (9.97 gun homicides per 100,000 people) compared to the United States that had 9,146 gun homicides (2.97 per number 3 in international gun ownership rates with 45.7 guns per 100 people (about 3,400,000 guns total). [45] In 2009 Switzerland had 24 gun homicides (0.31 deaths per 100,000 people) and 253 gun suicides (3.29 deaths per 100,000 people). [44] Finland ranked fourth in international gun ownership 100,000 people). [88][89]. The country has only one legal gun store (the Directorate of Arms and Munitions Sales), compared to at least 63,709 legal gun stores and pawn shops in the United States as of Feb. 10, 2014. [90][91] Mexico’s gun store is on a secure military base and customers must present a valid ID, go rates with 45.3 guns per 100 people (about 2,400,000 guns total). [45] In 2007 Finland had 23 (0.43 deaths per 100,000 people) gun homicides and 172 gun suicides (4.19 deaths per 100,000 people). [44] The United States, categorized as having “permissive” rearm regulation by GunPolicy.org, ranked rst in through a metal detector, and turn over cellphones and cameras to guards. To actually buy a gun, customers have to show proof of honest income, provide references, pass a criminal background check, prove any military duties were completed with honor, and be ngerprinted and photographed. If allowed to international gun ownership rates with 88.8 guns per 100 people (about 270,000,000 guns total). [44][45] In 2007 the United States had 12,632 gun homicides (4.19 deaths per 100,000 people) and 17,352 gun suicides (5.76 deaths per 100,000 people). [44][4] Harvard professor David Hemenway, PhD, purchase a gun, the customer may buy only one gun (choosing from only .38 caliber pistols or lower) and one box of bullets. [90][92] [93] Between 2006 and 2010, Mexico’s one gun shop sold 6,490 guns, [92] yet as of 2012, Mexicans own about 15,000,000 guns, or about 13.5 guns per 100 people. [44] wrote “We analyzed the relationship between homicide and gun availability using data from 26 developed countries from the early 1990s. We found that across developed countries, where guns are more available, there are more homicides.” [46] According to a Mar. 2016 study, gun homicide rates in the United States were 25.3 times higher and gun suicides were https://gun-control.procon.org 15/26 4/15/2021 Gun Control - Pros & Cons - ProCon.org 8 times higher in 2010 than in other populous, high-income countries. Additionally, 90% of women, 91% of 0- to 14-year olds, 92% of 15to 24-year-olds, and 82% of all people killed by rearms were from the United States. [147] Pro 14 The Second Amendment was intended to protect the right of militias to own guns, not the right of individuals. Former Justice John Paul Stevens, JD, in his dissenting opinion for District of Columbia et al. v. Heller, wrote, “the Framer’s single-minded focus in crafting the constitutional guarantee ‘to keep and bear arms’ was on military use of rearms, which they viewed in the context of service in state militias,” hence the inclusion of the phrase “well regulated militia.” [3] Michael Waldman, JD, President of the Brennan Center for Justice at the New York University School of Law, stated there is nothing about an individual right to bear arms in the notes about the Second Amendment when it was being drafted, discussed, or rati ed; the US Supreme Court declined to rule in favor of the individual right four times between 1876 and 1939; and all law articles on the Second Amendment from 1888 to 1959 stated that an individual right was not guaranteed. [47] https://gun-control.procon.org Con 13 Gun control laws are racist. Current gun control laws are frequently aimed at inner city, poor, black communities who are perceived as more dangerous than white gun owners. [94][95] Charles Gallagher, MA, PhD, the Chair of Sociology at LaSalle University, stated that some gun control laws are still founded on racial fears: “Whites walking down Main Street with an AK-47 are defenders of American values; a black man doing the same thing is Public Enemy No. 1.” [96] In the late 1960s, gun control laws were enacted in reaction to the militant, gun-carrying Black Panthers. [97] Adam Winkler, MA, JD, UCLA Constitutional Law Professor, stated “The KKK began as a gun-control organization. Before the Civil War, blacks were never allowed to own guns” so, after the Civil War, there was “constant pressure among white racists to keep guns out of the hands of African Americans because they would rise up and revolt.” [97] In Virginia, in response to Nat Turner’s Rebellion (also called the Southampton Rebellion, in which slaves killed 55 to 65 people in the most fatal slave uprising in the United States) in 1831, a law was passed that prohibited free black people “to keep or carry any relock of any kind, any military weapon, or any powder or lead and all laws allowing free black people to possess rearms were repealed. [98]. 16/26 4/15/2021 Gun Control - Pros & Cons - ProCon.org Pro 15 Con 14 Civilians, including hunters, should not own military-grade rearms or rearm accessories. The Second Amendment was intended to protect gun ownership of all ablebodied men so that they could participate in the militia to keep the peace and defend the country if needed. President Ronald Reagan and others did not think the AR-15 military ri e (also called M16s by the Air Force) should be owned by civilians and, when the AR-15 was included in the assault weapons ban of 1994 (which expired on Sep. 13, 2004), the NRA supported the legislation. [48] The Second Amendment was According to the United States Code, a “militia” is composed of all “able-bodied males at least 17 years of age… under 45 years of age who are, or who have made a declaration of written at a time when the most common arms were long ri es that had to be reloaded after every shot. Civilians today have access to folding, detaching, or telescoping stocks that make the guns more easily concealed and carried; silencers to mu e gunshot sounds; ash suppressors to re in low-light conditions intention to become citizens of the United States and of female citizens of the United States who are members of the National Guard.” [99] Therefore, the militia mentioned in the Second Amendment would have been composed of almost all adult men and, in turn, that most adult men should not have their without being blinded by the ash and to conceal the shooter’s location; or grenade launcher attachments. [49] Jonathan Lowy, Director of Legal Action Project at the Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence, stated, “These are weapons that will shred your venison before you eat it, or go through the walls of right to own rearms infringed. [100] A 1792 federal law required that every man eligible for militia service own a gun and ammunition suitable for military service, report for frequent inspection of their guns, and register their gun ownership on public records. [101] Daniel J. Schultz, lawyer, stated, “the Framers [of the your apartment when you’re trying to defend yourself… [they are] made for mass killing, but not useful for law-abiding citizens.” [50] Constitution and Bill of Rights] understood that ‘well-regulated’ militias, that is, armed citizens, ready to form militias that would be well trained, self-regulated and disciplined would post no threat to their fellow citizens, but would, indeed, help to ‘insure domestic Tranquility’ and ‘provide for the common defence.'” [100] https://gun-control.procon.org 17/26 4/15/2021 Gun Control - Pros & Cons - ProCon.org Con 15 Gun control efforts have proved ineffective. According to David Lampo, Publications Director of the Cato Institute, “there is no correlation between waiting periods and murder or robbery rates.” [102] Banning highcapacity magazines will not necessarily deter crime because even small gun magazines can be changed in seconds.The “gun show loophole” is virtually nonexistent because commercial dealers, who sell the majority of guns at shows and elsewhere, are bound by strict federal laws. [102] According to a Mar. 10, 2016 Lancet study, most state-level gun control laws do not reduce rearm death rates, and, of 25 state laws, nine were associated with higher gun death rates. [148] Did You Know? 1. A Pew Foundation report found that 79% of male gun owners and 80% of female gun owners said owning a gun made them feel safer, and 64% of people living in a home in which someone else owns a gun felt safer. [58] 2. The US General Accountability O ce (GAO) estimated that 100% of deaths per year in which a child under 6 years old shoots and kills him/herself or another child could be prevented by automatic child-proof safety locks. [35] 3. The Centers for Disease Control listed rearms as the #12 cause of all deaths between 1999 and 2015, representing 1.3% of total deaths. They were also the #1 method of death by homicide (67.3% of all homicides) and by suicide (51.9% of all suicides). [4] https://gun-control.procon.org 18/26 4/15/2021 Gun Control - Pros & Cons - ProCon.org Did You Know? 4. Mexico has some of the strictest gun control laws in the world and yet, in 2012, Mexico had 11,309 gun murders (9.97 gun homicides per 100,000 people) compared to the United States that had 9,146 gun homicides (2.97 per 100,000 people). [88] [89] 5. Carrying a concealed handgun in public has been permitted in all 50 states since 2013, when Illinois became the last state to enact concealed carry legislation. [101] 6. Five women a day are killed by guns in America. A woman's risk of being murdered increases 500% if a gun is present during a domestic dispute. [10] [11] https://gun-control.procon.org 19/26 4/15/2021 Gun Control - Pros & Cons - ProCon.org People who view this page may also like: 1. International Civilian Gun Ownership Rates 2. Leading Causes of Suicide, Homicide, and Unintentional Death 3. Concealed Guns Popular in the Community Conversation 446 Comments Log In https://gun-control.procon.org 20/26 4/15/2021 Gun Control - Pros & Cons - ProCon.org What do you think? Sort by Best ChiefCrash 12 February, 2020 Gun control's fundamental problem is that it tries to deal with "gun violence" as if it's a separate and unique phenomenon. But it's not: it's simply violence that happened to include a gun. By focusing on the gun aspect of the problem, your best-case-scenario will still include violence. Yet if we focused on the violence aspect instead, we wouldn't have to worry about the guns... Next time someone compares the USA's "gun homicide" rate to other European countries, try something: look at the USA's *non-gun* murder rate, and compare that to Europe's *overall* murder rate. As it turns out, even if we magically erased all guns (and the crimes that went with them), we'd still be more than twice as homicidal than Europe. It's not a gun problem. It's a violence problem that happens to include guns. Reply 195 23 Show 3 previous replies F Freeking ChiefCrash 15 January, 2021 Excellent points. Reply G 21 Grimreaper 7 ChiefCrash 9 December, 2020 I agree with you. Reply 21 7 Show 1 more reply J Josh 30 October, 2020 Let's be real guys, Saying that "Guns kill" or "Guns make violence happen" is not appropriate. It is the same thing as saying "a spoon made me fat" I agree that guns should require more security to purchase but not ban them completely. What would you do if guns were banned and you need to defend your family. Guns may have the purpose of killing, But would you kill the person who wants to kill you in your own defence? as i said before, Guns don't kill it's the person wielding it that can make a decision to take a life, that explains that people are the problem, even if they ban guns, what do you think is going to happen, the killers and criminals will come with knives and blades. then what, are you going to say that Knives need to be banned to, Come on guys, Think about it really hard (Edited) Reply 128 https://gun-control.procon.org 12 21/26 4/15/2021 Gun Control - Pros & Cons - ProCon.org Show 3 previous replies O onlyfacts Josh 2 days ago You say its the people who make the decision to take a life, not a guns decision, but that is the exact reason guns should be banned, or at least why there should be more restrictions on guns. Guns turn killers into killing machines. It is because people are disgusting and like to kill is the reason we need to take action. (Edited) Reply Show 1 more reply smartguy Josh 18 March, 2021 crinimals wouldn't listen to ban Reply R 7 3 rembug1070 10 November, 2020 This argument was titled "Should more gun control laws be enacted?" not "Should all guns be banned?". Nobody is trying to take all your guns away but I can con dently say that there are some guns that should not be owned by civilians and stricter background checks need to be enforced. The gun does not have a mind of it's own but we're going to allow people with mental issues carry re arms?? Not to mention, the second amendment was written 229 years ago so the fact that some people think it's in no need of revision taking into account the needs of our citizens in the present day is bonkers... In my personal opinion, the ability to own a gun should still be a constitutional right but stricter gun laws regarding the mental state the individual is in. Reply 36 12 Show 2 previous replies J Josh rembug1070 2 days ago You are absolutely right, but people want to change that, and unfortunately people can vote to add a amendment that will cancel it out, but if you read, some shootings, for this instance the columbine massacre, the police could not nd anything mentally unstable and/or anger issues and other things that would have caused both perpetrators to commit it Reply J JohnMicheal rembug1070 25 February, 2021 I literally couldn't agree more. Reply https://gun-control.procon.org 4 7 22/26 4/15/2021 Gun Control - Pros & Cons - ProCon.org Andrew Holt 26 February, 2020 Take away guns from the citizens of this country and ask yourself what’s next . Moral fabric of ourselves needs work to love each other as Jesus would have . Evil will never be conquered when division amongst us continues . Better background procedures along with better educating our children what is right and wrong would go along way towards less pain . I do not want a controlled state authority. We as individuals should be in faith . Love thy neighbor. Protect thy family . Reply G 59 Gdity 25 Andrew Holt 2 October, 2020 but when your neighbors are shooting each other what then? you can take classes to protect yourself with martial arts CITIZENS WE DON'T NEED GUNS all they do is hurt that's all there is to them you can love without guns you can be safe without guns let the proper authorities handle bad people god is heartbroken when you take the life of anyone he loves everyone even evil people so don't kill Reply 23 121 Show 9 more replies Arick Beaird Andrew Holt 29 February, 2020 I agree Reply 14 45 Arick Beaird 12 February, 2020 Sometimes guns are used for evil but guns are also used for enforcement and self defense and much more if we take guns away we take those away too Reply 87 17 I HAVE FURRY FRIENDS!!!! I am a neko. Arick Beaird 5 March, 2020 Yep, I say take the guns from the evil Reply 37 29 Show 1 more reply D dnxt 15 January, 2021 The criminals buy them o the black market tho. If you limit guns from law abiding citizens we wont be able to defend ourselves from illegal threats. Reply 34 https://gun-control.procon.org 3 23/26 4/15/2021 Gun Control - Pros & Cons - ProCon.org Arick Beaird 12 February, 2020 a gun is as good or bad as the person who holds it (Edited) Reply 209 12 Show 5 previous replies O onlyfacts Arick Beaird 2 days ago But the problem is there are too many bad people. Reply 1 smartguy Arick Beaird 17 March, 2021 sooooooo true Reply 2 5 smartguy 17 March, 2021 criminals don't care about laws so why would they listen to gun control? They would not.Taking guns from people takes away from our self defense. Reply O 11 1 onlyfacts smartguy 2 days ago Bro no o ense but according to statistics for every 1 justi able shooting where someone used a gun for self defense, 35 people used a gun for criminal use so guns are rarely used for self defense lol. Reply MyGuy 1 smartguy 22 March, 2021 People that are criminals would have guns and we wouldn't, they would get them by the dark market/web or gangs. If we had knives and they had guns we would get instantly shot but if we had guns we could easily defend ourselves. Reply 5 1 Show 1 more reply Jonathan 9 April, 2020 pretty much in all shootings the guns are not registered. The only thing that is harmful is the person behind the gun willing to shoot it. People shouldn’t be able to take away guns when cops can’t always get there when you want them.guns are also used for self defense. Plus if we did take away guns illegal aliens could walk right into our country from Canada the coast https://gun-control.procon.org 24/26 4/15/2021 Gun Control - Pros & Cons - ProCon.org and several other places without getting caught and if there was no weapons to protect you the death rate from guns would be a lot bigger than now. Let’s take a look at Britain, citizens and police enforcements from Britain are not allowed to own guns, the problems in their situation are not anymore better. Possibly worse. I get that people die from shootings that’s awful . . . Truly devastating. But if we take away guns from law abiding citizens what will they be able to protect themselves with? Their sts? Against a gun, really? Think about that. Reply 30 15 RYLAN ZUHLSDORF Jonathan 7 April, 2021 yea, and if a war broke out we would be defencles if they invaded Reply 2 1 Show 3 more replies A Angusmc fe 14 January, 2020 Most people who oppose guns are those who do not have a shred of knowledge about guns. An AR15 5.56 hollow point round is less lethal than a hunting ri e's 30.06 hollow point round which can take down a 300lb animal in a single shot Reply 85 22 Show 7 previous replies O onlyfacts Angusmc fe 2 days ago It also really doesn't matter how powerful the gun is if it can still harm/kill people. Not only that but why do civilians even need ar15's if they are using it for "SeLF dEfeNse" like stop capping. why do civilians need military grade weapons that are used for mowing down many people at a time? Reply 2 Show 1 more reply Cade Roberts Angusmc fe 1 March, 2021 And in your case you should probably have a gun if you are going to use it for hunting and are mentally able to have one then either gun is ne. Reply 3 8 Show More Comments Powered by https://gun-control.procon.org Terms | Privacy | Feedback 25/26 4/15/2021 Gun Control - Pros & Cons - ProCon.org Our Latest Updates (archived after 30 days) Biden Admin to Take Executive Action on Gun Control 4/8/2021 - On Apr. 8, 2021, Attorney General Merrick Garland outlined ve actions to be taken by the Biden Administration to curb gun violence. Archived Notices (archived after 30 days) HOME ABOUT CITE THIS PAGE REPRINTING POLICY PRIVACY POLICY DISCLAIMER DO NOT SELL MY INFO https://gun-control.procon.org 26/26
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ProCon.org has used certain countries with restrictive laws for gun control to support
the conclusion that more gun laws should be enacted. I believe the reason is compelling
since it acknowledges the restrictive gun control laws' outcome to be associated with lower
rates of homicide and suicide than the US. In Finland and Switzerland, gun owners must pass
background checks such as criminal records, mental and other requirements, and restrictions
(ProCon.org, 2021). Background checks are not common in the ...

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