BIOL 103 UMGC Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance Natural Selection Discussion

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nccnpur05

Science

BIOL 103

University of Maryland Global Campus

BIOL

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This is the attached class discussion. You can use the readings to find your answer and videos also.

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OVERVIEW This week we learnt about Evolution (change over time)—a change in the overall inherited characteristics of a group of organisms over multiple generations” Watch the videos and read the your text book chapter on evolution to answer the following questions: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mZt1Gn0R22Q https://youtu.be/hOfRN0KihOU https://youtu.be/plVk4NVIUh8 https://youtu.be/plVk4NVIUh8 Q1. Is bacterial antibiotic resistance is a good model to study evolution? How Darwinism is different from bacterial antibiotic resistance? Q2. A friend states, “Exposing bacteria to antibiotics causes the cells to mutate to become antibiotic resistant.” Explain to your friend why he is incorrect and provide the correct explanation. Q3. A student with Strep throat (caused by a strain of bacterium) is given a prescription for an antibiotic and is told to take the drug for two weeks. After a week, the student feels better and stops taking the drug. Two months later, the student again shows symptoms of Strep throat and decides to finish the leftover antibiotic rather than going to the doctor again. Two months later, the student develops Strep throat for a third time and returns to the doctor. This time, the antibiotic does not work. The doctor runs a test and discovers that the bacterial strain the student is carrying is antibiotic resistant. Describe in your own word what most likely happened? Q4. Evaluate the accuracy of the following statement: Individuals evolve by becoming more adapted to their environment. Explain how you reached your conclusion. Q5. Although they are protected in many countries, humans still hunt elephants for their ivory tusks. A mutation that results in tuskless elephants is increasing in frequency in some elephant populations. Is this an example of artificial or natural selection? Support your answer. Q6. Dolphin embryos have both forelimbs, which will become the flippers, and hind limbs, which will not develop. Explain how this supports the conclusion that dolphins are related to humans. Q7. A used car is shipped from Australia to the United States. Stowed away in the trunk of the car is a piece of wood infected with Australian termites. Once in the United States, the buyer of the car finds the rotting wood and dumps it on the side of the road. The termites survive and establish a colony on the side of the road but do not mate with local termite populations. This is an example of a. genetic drift. c. natural selection. b. mutation. d. gene flow. Q8. Match each example to one of the processes below. a. genetic drift b. genetic bottleneck c. founder effect d. gene flow e. natural selection i. An area consists of dark and light rocks. Mouse populations that live on the dark rocks tend to be darkly colored; mouse populations that live on the light rocks tend to be lightly colored. ii. A large boulder rolls down a mountain and kills all the flowers in its path. iii. A tourist carries seeds to a new location. These seeds are able to breed with plants of the same species in this new location. iv. Overfishing results in an endangered fish population with a very small population size. v. Algae attach to a boat motor and are transported to a new lake where they establish a new colony.
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Explanation & Answer

View attached explanation and answer. Let me know if you have any questions.Am through with it. Check it out. Thanks.

Q1. Is bacterial antibiotic resistance is a good model to study
evolution? How Darwinism is different from bacterial antibiotic
resistance?
Yes, bacterial antibiotic resistance is an excellent model to study evolution; this is because,
via natural selection, antibiotics resistance becomes a consequence of evolution (Bitesize 2019).
The context of whether antibiotics resistance can be used in the study of evolution can clearly be
expressed through the process involved in developing antibiotic resistance in bacteria. These
include the random DNA mutations which occur in individual bacteria cells. With these mutations,
bacterial cells develop a protective system against antibiotics hence becoming resistant. These
mutations produce new characteristics in which evolution entails the change in characteristics of a
species. Darwinism is different from bacterial antibiotic resistance because Darwinism champions
natural selection as an influencer in evolution. Natural selection implies the difference in an
environmental adaptation by organisms depending on how better they are than others. The
difference in adaptability between organisms is caused by mutation.

Q2. A friend states, “Exposing bacteria to antibiotics causes the
cells to mutate to become antibiotic resistant.” Explain to your friend
why he is incorrect and provide the correct explanation.
My friend was right; this is because when bacteria encounter an antibiotic, they are
malfunctioned and sometimes if the antibiotic is strong enough, it kills the bacteria. Antibiotics
suspend the growth of the bacteria. If the bacteria are exposed more, they tend to develop
abilities to withstand antibiotics effects. The development of these abilities is through the process
referred to as mutation is the process by which organisms develo...


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