POVEY OUT THE STATES
NEQUASHA JOHNSON
SYRIA
• ACCORDING TO OCHSENWALD ET
AL.(2021) SYRIA LOCATED ON THE
EAST COAST OF MEDITERRANEAN SEA
IN SOUTHWESTERN ASIA
OCCUPIED BY ISRAEL SINCE 1967
MADAGASCAR
•ACCORDING TO COVELL ET
AL.(2021) THE OFFICIAL NAME IS
REPUBLIC OF MADAGASCAR.
MADAGASCAR ISLAND COUNTRY LAID
OFF THE SOUTHEASTERN COAST OF
AFRICA. MADAGASCAR IS THE LARGEST
ISLAND IN THE WORLD. INDONESIA
PRIMARILY POPULATION DO NOT
CONSIDER THEMSELVES O BE
AFRICANS.
SOCIAL MAKE UP
SYRIA
MADAGASCAR
•
LOCATION: EAST COAST OF MEDITERRANEAN SEA IN
SOUTHWESTERN ASIA
• LOCATION: LYING OFF SOUTHEASTERN COAST OF AFRICA
•
POPULATION: 2020- 26,271,000
• POPULATION: 26,251,000
•
ETHNIC GROUPS: 74.9% SYRIAN ARAB, 7.4% BEDOUIN
ARAB, 7.3% KURD
• ETHNIC GROUPS: MALAYO-INDONESIAN, COTIERS MIXED
•
LANGUAGES: ARABIC
•
RELIGIONS: MUSLIMS 74.0% 11.0% (ALAWILE)
•
EDUCATION: FOUR-FIFTHS OF THE POPULATION IS LITERATE.
AGE LIMIT STARTING AT 6 YEARS OLD. DIVIDED INTO 6 YEARS.
3 YEARS OF LOWER SECONDARY AND 3 YEARS OF UPPER
SECONDARY EDUCATION.
AFRICAN, MALAYO-INDONESIAN, AND ARAB ANCESTRY BETSIMISARAKA, TSIMIHETY, ANTAISAKA, SAKALAVA, FRENCH,
INDIAN, CREOLE, COMORAN
• LANGUAGES: MALAGASY, FRENCH
• RELIGIONS: ANCESTOR WORSHIP, ZANAHARY, TRADITIONAL
MALAGASY LIFE, ½ POPULATION IS CHRISTIAN, ¼
PROTESTANTISM, 1/5 IS ROMAN CATHOLICISM
• EDUCATION: PRIMARY EDUCATION FREE STARTING AT AGE 6
FOR FIVE YEARS, SECONDARY IS A 4-YEAR CYCLE FOLLOWED
BY A 3 YEARS CYCLE, PRIMARY SCHOOL, SECONDARY
SCHOOL, TECHNICAL INSTITUTES AND TEACHER TRAINING
COLLEGES.
MADAGASCAR
SYRIA
MADAGASCAR
ECONOMIC MAKE- UP
SYRIA
MADAGASCAR
ECONOMY: STATE FARMS, RICE, CATTLE, COFFEE, OIL PALM,
COTTON, AND SILK; A RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM; AND A
•
ECONOMY:
NATIONAL CONSUMERS COOPERATIVE WITH RETAIL SHOPS
•
HOUSEHOLD INCOME:
•
HOUSEHOLD INCOME: 24 DOLLARS A MONTH INCOME PER FAMILY
•
WORKFORCE:
•
WORKFORCE: 3.767
•
EMPLOYMENT:
•
EMPLOYMENT: MILLIONAGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY. SERVICES
•
MAJOR SOURCES OF INDUSTRY:
•
MAJOR SOURCES OF INDUSTRY: CIGARETTES, BROADCASTING
EQUIPMENT, WHEAT FLOURS, SUNFLOWER OIL, REFINED PETROLEUM.
PETROLEUM, TEXTILES, FOOD PROCESSING, BEVERAGES, TOBACCO, PHOSPHATE
ROCK MINING, CEMENT, OIL SEEDS CRUSHING, AUTOMOBILE ASSEMBLY
•
POLITICAL MAKEUP
Syria
• LEADERS :PRESIDENT BASHAR AL-ASAD VICE PRESIDENT
NAJAH AL-ATTAR
HEAD OF GOVERNMENT: PRIME MINISTER HUSSEIN
ARNOUS DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER ALI ABDULLAH
AYOUB
• GOVERNMENT TYPE: PRESIDENTIAL REPUBLIC; HIGHLY
AUTHORITARIAN REGIME
• LEGAL SYSTEM: MIXED LEGAL SYSTEM OF CIVIL AND ISLAMIC
LAW
Madagascar
• LEADERS PRESIDENT ANDRY RAJOELINA PRIME
MINISTER CHRISTIAN
• GOVERNMENT TYPE: SEMI-PRESIDENTIAL REPUBLIC
• LEGAL SYSTEM: CIVIL LAW SYSTEM BASED ON THE OLD
FRENCH CIVIL CODE AND CUSTOMARY LAW IN MATTERS OF
MARRIAGE, FAMILY, AND OBLIGATION
SYRIA
MADAGASCAR
POVERTY
• WHAT ARE THE SOCIAL PROBLEMS?
ACCORDING TO MAKKI (2018) OVER 80 PERCENT OF PEOPLE IN SYRIA LIVE BELOW THE WORLD POVERTY LINE,
MEANING THEY MAKE $1 PER DAY. THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CONTINUING CONFLICT HAS ARISEN IN AN UNEMPLOYMENT
RATE OF 55 PERCENT OR GREATER. ACCORDING TO THE WORLD BANK, 75% OF THE INDIVIDUALS IN MADAGASCAR ARE
IN POVERTY. PREDICTED TO LIVE ON $1.90 PER DAY AS OF 2019.
• WHICH POPULATION IS/ARE AFFECTED? HOW? TO WHAT DEGREE ARE THEY AFFECTED?
IN MADAGASCAR 3 OUT OF 4 INDIVIDUALS ARE BELOW THE POVERTY LINE. CHILDREN AGE 0-5 IS AFFECTED AND
HALF EXPERIENCE DEATH BEFORE 5 TO THE DEGREE THEY ARE UNDERNUTRITION. THE CHILDREN OF MADAGASCAR
ARE DECREASING GROWING AND DEVELOP SKILLS. ACCORDING TO WORLD BANK (2020) 1.4 MILLION CHILDREN
WITHDRAW FROM PRIMARY SCHOOL DUE TO BEING IN POVERTY. THERE IS NO SINGLE POPULATION THAT IS BEING
AFFECTED BY POVERTY IN SYRIA. SYRIA CITIZENS ARE BEING AFFECTED BY LACK OF FOOD SECURITY AND LIVELIHOOD.
INFLATION WHICH VALUES OF SYRIANS DOLLAR HAS DECREASE AND PRICES HAS INCREASED MAKING JOBS HARD TO
GET.
WHAT SOCIAL POLICY GOVERNMENT EFFORTS
HAVE BEEN TAKEN TO REDUCE THE ISSUE?
SYRIA PRESIDENT GRANTED 50,000 POUNDS ($11US) IN SYRIA
MADAGASCAR SOCIAL POLICY GOVERNMENT HAS FOLLOWED
MONEY STIMULUS TO PUBLIC WORKERS AND SOLDIERS THAT IS
EQUAL TO AVERAGE MONTHLY PAYCHECK. BASHAR AL-
IN IMPROVEMENT OF THE LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS AND
REOPEN INVESTORS, REINSTATE ACCESS TO KEY EXPORT MARKETS,
REOPEN FLOW TO FUNDING. THE GOVERNMENT IN
MADAGASCAR HAS BEEN PASSING ANTI-CORRUPTION LAWS
ASSAD ALSO ISSUED A 40,000 POUNDS (8.80 US) STIMULUS
TO PENSIONERS. SYRIAN GOVERNMENT HAS DEVELOPED
POLICIES THAT WILL ALLOW CO-OPT HUMANITARIAN
ASSISTANCE AND RECONSTRUCTION FUNDING TO BE FUNDED.
THE GOVERNMENT HAS ALSO ADJUSTED THE SYSTEM TO
PROVISION OF HUMANITARIAN AID.
AND MOVING TOWARD DEVELOPING A HEALTHY TAX BASE
WHICH IS THE TOTAL OF INCOME, PROPERTY, ASSETS. THE
GOVERNMENT OF MADAGASCAR IS ALSO ENCOURAGING
ECONOMIC GROWTH. THEY ARE DOING SO BY PROVIDING
BUSINESS INCENTIVES AND GRANTING ACCESS TO BANKING.
WHO WHAT ORGANIZATIONS SUPPORT THESE
EFFORTS? HOW HAVE THEY DEMONSTRATED
SUPPORT OF THESE EFFORTS?
MADAGASCAR ORGANIZATIONS ARE ALSO NGO’S
SYRIA HAS NGO’S WHICH ARE NONGOVERNMENT
ORGANIZATION'S THAT ARE WORKING TO DECREASE THE POVERTY
RATE. THE UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN'S EMERGENCY
FUND (UNICEF), THE SYRIAN ARAB RED CRESCENT,
INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE AND WORLD VISION.
ACCORDING TO GNITMAN (2020) THESE ABOVE ORGANIZATIONS
PROVIDE AID TO SYRIA. SUCH AS POP-UP HEALTH CLINICS, CASH
VOUCHERS, CHILDCARE, JOB TRAINING. THESE ACTIVISTS
DEMONSTRATED SUPPORT OF THE EFFORTS.
WORLD BANK AND LIMITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT $6.4 BILLION IN
FUNDS BETWEEN THE YEARS 2017-2020. WHICH
DEMONSTRATED SUPPORT OF THE GOVERNMENT
AIMING TO DEVELOP THE TAX BASE THAT WILL IMPROVE
EDUCATION, INCOME AND RELIEF FUNDING. THIS
ALONE IS THE GOAL TO DECREASE POVERTY. AS OF
JULY 1, 2020, THE WORLD BANK IS FINANCING
17 PROJECTS IN MADAGASCAR DEVELOPING
EDUCATION, NUTRITION, EARLY
CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL PROTECTION,
RESILIENT AGRICULTURE, ENERGY, TRANSPORT, AND
SUPPORT FOR PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT.
HAVE THE GOVERNMENT EFFORTS
BEEN SUCCESSFUL? WHAT
EVIDENCE LEADS YOU TO THIS
CONCLUSION?
SYRIA GOVERNMENT HAS NOT BEEN VERY SUCCESSFUL IN MY
OPTION. GRANTING A ONE-TIME CHECK IS A TEMPORARY FIX.
ACCORDING TO AL-ARABIYA NEWS(2020) GOODS SUCH AS
HEATING FUEL, PETROL, AND COOKING GAS HAD INCREASED.
OVER THE YEARS FOOD PRICES HAVE DOUBLED. A ONE-TIME
PAYMENT CAN NOT HELP ONE THAT DOES NOT HAVE INCOME.
MADAGASCAR ACCORDING TO HENRECKSON (2019) THE
PROCESS IS SLOW BUT IS MOVING IN A POSITIVE WAY AND THE
POVERTY RATES SHOULD DROP IN THE NEXT TWO YEARS. I DO
BELIEVE THAT THE NONGOVERNMENT AIDS HELPED BETTER THEN
THE GOVERNMENT DID. THE NONGOVERNMENT AID PROVIDE
TRAINING AND SCHOOLING/EDUCATION. IN
2021MADAGASAR IS STILL ONE OF THE HIGHEST COUNTY INTO
POVERTY. ACCORDING TO WORLD BOOK MADAGASCAR
POVERTY RATE WAS AT 75% AND INCREASED IN 2020 TO
78%.
ARE THOSE EFFORTS CONGRUENT WITH SOCIAL
WORK VALUES? JUSTIFY ARGUMENT.
MADAGASCAR GOVERNMENT AIMED TOWARD DEVELOP A
NO, BOTH SYRIA AND MADAGASCAR GOVERNMENT
EFFORTS DOES NOT CONGRUENT WITH OUR SOCIAL
WORK VALUES. SYRIA GOVERNMENT ONLY GIFTED AN
40,000-POUND CHECK TO INDIVIDUALS WITH NO JOB.
THESE INDIVIDUALS COULD HAVE FAMILIES 40,000
POUNDS IN US DOLLARS IS $8.80. WITH THE INCREASE F
GOODS HOW CAN THAT SUPPORT A FAMILY? THIS IS NOT
SERVICE, SOCIAL JUSTICE, DIGNITY, IMPORTANCE OF
FAMILY RELATIONSHIP, INTEGRITY OR COMPETENCE.
BETTER INCOME AND TRADE MARKET TO BRING FUNDS INTO
MADAGASCAR. I DO FEEL THAT BUILDING THE ECONOMY
COULD HELP. BUT WHO WILL BE THE BUYERS? WITH 78% IN
POVERTY WHERE WOULD THE FUNDS COME FROM IN ORDER TO
BUY THE PRODUCTS THAT ARE BEING SOLD. ACCORDING TO
HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH (2021) MADAGASCAR GOVERNMENT
IS NOT USE THE FUNDS THAT HAVE BEEN GIVEN BY THE
NONGOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS ON THE NEEDS OF THE
PEOPLE. THE GOVERNMENT IS USING THE AID TO FUND HUMAN
RIGHTS ABUSE. WHICH THIS DOES NOT CONGRUENT WITH OUR
SOCIAL WORK VALUES.
ARE THOSE SUPPORTED BY SOCIAL JUSTICE
THEORIES? DISCUSS AT LEAST TWO SOCIAL
JUSTICES' THEORIES TO JUSTIFY ARGUMENT.
LIBERTARIAN PERSPECTIVE
COMPRISES A NETWORK OF NATURAL AND VOLUNTARY
EQUAL INDIVIDUALS THAT SERVE HUMAN NEEDS. INDIVIDUALS
HAVE FULL SELF OWNERSHIP. THE PERSON HAS THEIR OWN
RIGHTS. THOSE EFFORTS FOR BOTH SYRIA AND
MADAGASCAR DO NOT SUPPORT THIS SOCIAL JUSTICE
THEORY. WHY? THE PEOPLE OF BOTH SYRIA AND
MADAGASCAR DOES NOT HAVE THEIR OWN RIGHTS AS AN
INDIVIDUAL AS THEY SUCH. THEIR NEEDS ARE NOT MET
BECAUSE, THEY ARE IN POVERTY, AND IT IS A MAJOR ISSUES.
THESE TWO COUNTRIES HAS BEEN IN POVERTY OVER THE
YEARS. SYRIA WILL NOT IMPROVE IF BETTER ACTION IS NOT
TOKEN. MADAGASCAR HAS A GOOD START BUT NO FUNDS
TO ASSIST THEM. ONE THING I DID UNDERSTAND IS WHEN
LIBERTARIAN IS DOWNWARD FROM SOCIETY TO THE
INDIVIDUALS IS LIMITED. WITH BOTH COUNTRIES SUPPORT
AND SERVICES ARE VERY LIMITED.
UTILITARIAN PERSPECTIVES
I CHOSE UTILITARIAN THEORETICAL BECAUSE IT STATES THAT
FOUNDED ON A LARGE EXTENT JUSTIFIED BY WANTING TO FORM
RELATIONSHIPS TO GAIN ADVANTAGE. WITH MAX GOOD TO THE
MAX PERSON. UTILITARIAN THEORIES IS AN EXAMPLE OF BOTH
SYRIA AND MADAGASCAR AND THE JUSTICE THEY SHOULD BE
RECEIVING BUT IS NOT. THE EFFORTS ARE NOT SUPPORTED BY THIS
SOCIAL JUSTICE THEORY. MAXIMUM GOODS DOE NOT GO TO
MAXIMUM PEOPLE. THEY PEOPLE OF MADAGASCAR AND SYRIA
ARE BOTH DEEP IN POVERTY.
INTERVENTIONS TO IMPROVE THE EFFORTS
ALREADY MADE TO REDUCE OR ELIMINATE THE
PROBLEM.
BUILD OF HOMES
WITH BOTH SYRIA AND MADAGASCAR, I WOULD
START BY ACCEPTING THE AID FROM THE
NONGOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION. I WOULD USE
THE FUNDS TO CLEAN AND REBUILD BOTH SYRIA
AND MADAGASCAR. I WOULD HIRE THE PEOPLE OF
SYRIA AND MADAGASCAR TO BUILD THESE HOMES
TO PUT MONEY BACK INTO THE COMMUNITY.
IMPROVING TRAINING AND
MAKING EDUCATION PRIORITY
DEVELOP A PROGRAM TO TRAIN INDIVIDUAL HOW
TO BUILD THE HOMES AND OTHER TRADES. I WOULD
ALSO MAKE SCHOOLING FOR ALL AGES FREE.
Both Syria and Madagascar had lack of food
and watch. Both was deep in poverty and
government was abusing that fund that are
gifted.
WHICH SOCIAL WORK VALUE AND ETHICS
SUPPORT YOUR ACTIONS?
SOCIAL JUSTICE
DIGNITY/ WORTH OF A PERSON
SOCIAL JUSTICE WITHIN MY INTERVENTION WITH
COMMUNICATION, EMPATHY, AND THE BASIC
RIGHTS OF THE INDIVIDUALS IS VERY IMPORTANCE.
THIS WILL HAVE ME BETTER SERVICE THEM. NOT
THIS VALUE WOULD WORK WITH MY INTERVENTION
BECAUSE I WOULD BE RESPECTFUL, MINDFUL OF
OTHERS AND I WOULD PROMOTE THIS VALUES AS
WELL. WITHIN MY INVENTION IN ORDER TO MAKE IT
JUDGING BEFORE HAVING A CLEAR
UNDERSTANDING OF THEIR NEEDS.
WORK WE MUST RESPECT ONE ANOTHER EVEN WITH
DIFFERENCES.
WHAT RESEARCH
SUPPORTS YOUR
ACTIONS?
ACCORDING TO THE WORLD
BANK(2021) FUNDING CLASS WORDS,
SCHOOLS ,FARMING AND
HOUSEHOLDS IMPROVED IRRIGATION
AND SERVICES.
WHICH HUMAN- BEHAVIOR THEORIES SUPPORT
YOUR ACTIONS?
EMPOWERMENT THEORY
CONFLICT THEORIES
INTERVENTIONS TO HELP PEOPLE CARRY OUT A SENSE OF CONTROL WITH
OTHERS.
PROVIDES EXPLANATION FOR THE WAY
LIVES OF OTHERS.
I CHOSE EMPOWERMENT THEORY FOR BOTH SYRIA AND MADAGASCAR
THIS THEORY WOULD HAVE GAIN CONTROL BACK IN THEIR
COUNTRY AS WELL. BY REINFORCING HUMAN RIGHTS. THIS THEORY
GOVERNMENTS ARE LACKING ON HELPING THE PEOPLE OF THEIR COUNTRY.
PRACTICING EMPOWERMENT THEORY CAN HELP WHEN ADVOCATING FOR
THEIR HUMAN RIGHTS. THIS WOULD WORK WELL WITH MY ACTIONS
BECAUSE, THE PEOPLE WILL HAVE TO GAIN THEIR CONTROL BACK TO START
PROGRESSING.
THAT POWER IMPACTS THE
ALSO HELPS UNDERSTAND THE WAY POWER IMPACT OTHERS
I CHOSE CONFLICT THEORIES BECAUSE,
WITH MY ACTIONS WITH
CONFLICT COMES CONTROL AND DIFFERENT INTERESTS. SOMEONE
WILL FEEL DIFFERENT ABOUT MY ACTIONS. THE GOVERNMENT FOR
SYRIA COULD FEEL LIKE THAT ONE CHECK IS ENOUGH. MY ACTIONS
WOULD BETTER SERVICE THE PEOPLE BY PROVIDING HOUSING, JOBS
AND EDUCATION TO BOTH COUNTRIES.
DO YOU THINK YOUR
ACTIONS WOULD BE
FEASIBLE IN THOSE
COUNTRIES CURRENT
SOCIAL/POLITICAL
CLIMATES?
YES! WORKING WITH THE NONGOVERNMENT
AID IT COULD BE USED TO PROVIDE HOUSING
AND FOOD. HELPING WITH THE POPULATION
THAT IS BEING AFFECTED AT THIS TIME. BEFORE
PUTTING MONEY INTO THE ECONOMY. WE
CAN PUT MONEY BACK INTO THE
COMMUNITY. TEACH THE PEOPLE TO BUILD
HOMES AND PAY THE PEOPLE OF
MADAGASCAR AND SYRIA. NOW THAT THE
WAR IS OVER IN SYRIA, WE CAN REBUILD
SYRIA. YES, I DO THINK MY ACTIONS WOULD
WORK IN BOTH COUNTRIES. I DO BELIEVE THAT
MY ACTIONS WOULD BE FEASIBLE IN SYRIA
AND MADAGASCAR.
HOW WOULD YOU EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS
OF YOUR ACTIONS? HOW WOULD YOU KNOW
THEIR SUCCESSFUL?
A: INTERVENTION
PRE INTERVENTION BASELINE FOLLOWED BY INTERVENTION .
FIRST, I WOULD TEACH PEOPLE OF SYRIA AND MADAGASCAR
HOW TO FARM GOODS SUCH AS VEGETABLES AND FRUITS.
SECOND, WE WOULD TAKE THE FUND FROM THE NGO AND
PURCHASE SUPPLIES TO BUILD HOMES. WE WILL TEACH THE
PEOPLE HOW TO SALE GOODS AND BUILD HOMES FOR
POUNDS.
WE WOULD KEEP THIS GOING INTO A PROFIT IS MADE. WE
WILL THEN PUT THE MONEYBACK INTO THE COMMUNITY.
BASELINE: DATA, EVALUATION
BUILD A TOTAL OF 3 HOMES PER MONTH SELL FOR 50,000
POUND ($11) PER HOME
$6.00 GO TO THE FAMILY $5 TO THE COMMUNITY
I WOULD EVALUATE EVERY MONTH WITH A TASK CHECK OFF. IF
HOUSES WERE BUILT AND HOW LONG IT TOOK TO BUILD. I
WOULD EVALUATE HOW THEY WERE BOUGHT. I WOULD ALSO
EVALUATE THE PEOPLE PROCESS. WAS THIS HARD? DID IT
HELP? HOW CAN I IMPROVE? I WOULD KNOW THE ACTION IS
SUCCESSFUL IF GOODS ARE BEING SOLD EVERY MONTH AND
THE PEOPLE ARE MAKING A PROFIT.
Salibi, K. Suleiman , Scullard, . Howard Hayes , Smith, .
Charles Gordon , Commins, . David Dean , Gadd, . Cyril
John , Hamidé, . Abdul-Rahman , Irvine, . Verity
Elizabeth , Ochsenwald, . William L. , Hourani, . Albert
Habib and Polk, . William Roe (2021, March
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https://borgenproject.org/poverty-in-madagascar5/#:~:text=Poverty%20Rates%20in%20Madagascar,p
er%20day%20as%20of%202019.&text=Still%2C%20this
%20remains%20one%20of,less%20per%20day%20in%2
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https://www.britannica.com/place/Madagascar
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as-assad-offers-stimulus-to-public-workers-as-crisishttps://www.mei.edu/publications/syrias-war- deepens
economy-exacerbates-divide-between-rich-andpoor
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from Al Jazeera | Today's latest from Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2021/3/16/syrias-assadoffers-stimulus-to-public-workers-as-crisis-deepens
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