POVEY OUT THE STATES NEQUASHA JOHNSON SYRIA • ACCORDING TO OCHSENWALD ET AL.(2021) SYRIA LOCATED ON THE EAST COAST OF MEDITERRANEAN SEA IN SOUTHWESTERN ASIA OCCUPIED BY ISRAEL SINCE 1967 MADAGASCAR •ACCORDING TO COVELL ET AL.(2021) THE OFFICIAL NAME IS REPUBLIC OF MADAGASCAR. MADAGASCAR ISLAND COUNTRY LAID OFF THE SOUTHEASTERN COAST OF AFRICA. MADAGASCAR IS THE LARGEST ISLAND IN THE WORLD. INDONESIA PRIMARILY POPULATION DO NOT CONSIDER THEMSELVES O BE AFRICANS. SOCIAL MAKE UP SYRIA MADAGASCAR • LOCATION: EAST COAST OF MEDITERRANEAN SEA IN SOUTHWESTERN ASIA • LOCATION: LYING OFF SOUTHEASTERN COAST OF AFRICA • POPULATION: 2020- 26,271,000 • POPULATION: 26,251,000 • ETHNIC GROUPS: 74.9% SYRIAN ARAB, 7.4% BEDOUIN ARAB, 7.3% KURD • ETHNIC GROUPS: MALAYO-INDONESIAN, COTIERS MIXED • LANGUAGES: ARABIC • RELIGIONS: MUSLIMS 74.0% 11.0% (ALAWILE) • EDUCATION: FOUR-FIFTHS OF THE POPULATION IS LITERATE. AGE LIMIT STARTING AT 6 YEARS OLD. DIVIDED INTO 6 YEARS. 3 YEARS OF LOWER SECONDARY AND 3 YEARS OF UPPER SECONDARY EDUCATION. AFRICAN, MALAYO-INDONESIAN, AND ARAB ANCESTRY BETSIMISARAKA, TSIMIHETY, ANTAISAKA, SAKALAVA, FRENCH, INDIAN, CREOLE, COMORAN • LANGUAGES: MALAGASY, FRENCH • RELIGIONS: ANCESTOR WORSHIP, ZANAHARY, TRADITIONAL MALAGASY LIFE, ½ POPULATION IS CHRISTIAN, ¼ PROTESTANTISM, 1/5 IS ROMAN CATHOLICISM • EDUCATION: PRIMARY EDUCATION FREE STARTING AT AGE 6 FOR FIVE YEARS, SECONDARY IS A 4-YEAR CYCLE FOLLOWED BY A 3 YEARS CYCLE, PRIMARY SCHOOL, SECONDARY SCHOOL, TECHNICAL INSTITUTES AND TEACHER TRAINING COLLEGES. MADAGASCAR SYRIA MADAGASCAR ECONOMIC MAKE- UP SYRIA MADAGASCAR ECONOMY: STATE FARMS, RICE, CATTLE, COFFEE, OIL PALM, COTTON, AND SILK; A RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM; AND A • ECONOMY: NATIONAL CONSUMERS COOPERATIVE WITH RETAIL SHOPS • HOUSEHOLD INCOME: • HOUSEHOLD INCOME: 24 DOLLARS A MONTH INCOME PER FAMILY • WORKFORCE: • WORKFORCE: 3.767 • EMPLOYMENT: • EMPLOYMENT: MILLIONAGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY. SERVICES • MAJOR SOURCES OF INDUSTRY: • MAJOR SOURCES OF INDUSTRY: CIGARETTES, BROADCASTING EQUIPMENT, WHEAT FLOURS, SUNFLOWER OIL, REFINED PETROLEUM. PETROLEUM, TEXTILES, FOOD PROCESSING, BEVERAGES, TOBACCO, PHOSPHATE ROCK MINING, CEMENT, OIL SEEDS CRUSHING, AUTOMOBILE ASSEMBLY • POLITICAL MAKEUP Syria • LEADERS :PRESIDENT BASHAR AL-ASAD VICE PRESIDENT NAJAH AL-ATTAR HEAD OF GOVERNMENT: PRIME MINISTER HUSSEIN ARNOUS DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER ALI ABDULLAH AYOUB • GOVERNMENT TYPE: PRESIDENTIAL REPUBLIC; HIGHLY AUTHORITARIAN REGIME • LEGAL SYSTEM: MIXED LEGAL SYSTEM OF CIVIL AND ISLAMIC LAW Madagascar • LEADERS PRESIDENT ANDRY RAJOELINA PRIME MINISTER CHRISTIAN • GOVERNMENT TYPE: SEMI-PRESIDENTIAL REPUBLIC • LEGAL SYSTEM: CIVIL LAW SYSTEM BASED ON THE OLD FRENCH CIVIL CODE AND CUSTOMARY LAW IN MATTERS OF MARRIAGE, FAMILY, AND OBLIGATION SYRIA MADAGASCAR POVERTY • WHAT ARE THE SOCIAL PROBLEMS? ACCORDING TO MAKKI (2018) OVER 80 PERCENT OF PEOPLE IN SYRIA LIVE BELOW THE WORLD POVERTY LINE, MEANING THEY MAKE $1 PER DAY. THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CONTINUING CONFLICT HAS ARISEN IN AN UNEMPLOYMENT RATE OF 55 PERCENT OR GREATER. ACCORDING TO THE WORLD BANK, 75% OF THE INDIVIDUALS IN MADAGASCAR ARE IN POVERTY. PREDICTED TO LIVE ON $1.90 PER DAY AS OF 2019. • WHICH POPULATION IS/ARE AFFECTED? HOW? TO WHAT DEGREE ARE THEY AFFECTED? IN MADAGASCAR 3 OUT OF 4 INDIVIDUALS ARE BELOW THE POVERTY LINE. CHILDREN AGE 0-5 IS AFFECTED AND HALF EXPERIENCE DEATH BEFORE 5 TO THE DEGREE THEY ARE UNDERNUTRITION. THE CHILDREN OF MADAGASCAR ARE DECREASING GROWING AND DEVELOP SKILLS. ACCORDING TO WORLD BANK (2020) 1.4 MILLION CHILDREN WITHDRAW FROM PRIMARY SCHOOL DUE TO BEING IN POVERTY. THERE IS NO SINGLE POPULATION THAT IS BEING AFFECTED BY POVERTY IN SYRIA. SYRIA CITIZENS ARE BEING AFFECTED BY LACK OF FOOD SECURITY AND LIVELIHOOD. INFLATION WHICH VALUES OF SYRIANS DOLLAR HAS DECREASE AND PRICES HAS INCREASED MAKING JOBS HARD TO GET. WHAT SOCIAL POLICY GOVERNMENT EFFORTS HAVE BEEN TAKEN TO REDUCE THE ISSUE? SYRIA PRESIDENT GRANTED 50,000 POUNDS ($11US) IN SYRIA MADAGASCAR SOCIAL POLICY GOVERNMENT HAS FOLLOWED MONEY STIMULUS TO PUBLIC WORKERS AND SOLDIERS THAT IS EQUAL TO AVERAGE MONTHLY PAYCHECK. BASHAR AL- IN IMPROVEMENT OF THE LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS AND REOPEN INVESTORS, REINSTATE ACCESS TO KEY EXPORT MARKETS, REOPEN FLOW TO FUNDING. THE GOVERNMENT IN MADAGASCAR HAS BEEN PASSING ANTI-CORRUPTION LAWS ASSAD ALSO ISSUED A 40,000 POUNDS (8.80 US) STIMULUS TO PENSIONERS. SYRIAN GOVERNMENT HAS DEVELOPED POLICIES THAT WILL ALLOW CO-OPT HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE AND RECONSTRUCTION FUNDING TO BE FUNDED. THE GOVERNMENT HAS ALSO ADJUSTED THE SYSTEM TO PROVISION OF HUMANITARIAN AID. AND MOVING TOWARD DEVELOPING A HEALTHY TAX BASE WHICH IS THE TOTAL OF INCOME, PROPERTY, ASSETS. THE GOVERNMENT OF MADAGASCAR IS ALSO ENCOURAGING ECONOMIC GROWTH. THEY ARE DOING SO BY PROVIDING BUSINESS INCENTIVES AND GRANTING ACCESS TO BANKING. WHO WHAT ORGANIZATIONS SUPPORT THESE EFFORTS? HOW HAVE THEY DEMONSTRATED SUPPORT OF THESE EFFORTS? MADAGASCAR ORGANIZATIONS ARE ALSO NGO’S SYRIA HAS NGO’S WHICH ARE NONGOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION'S THAT ARE WORKING TO DECREASE THE POVERTY RATE. THE UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN'S EMERGENCY FUND (UNICEF), THE SYRIAN ARAB RED CRESCENT, INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE AND WORLD VISION. ACCORDING TO GNITMAN (2020) THESE ABOVE ORGANIZATIONS PROVIDE AID TO SYRIA. SUCH AS POP-UP HEALTH CLINICS, CASH VOUCHERS, CHILDCARE, JOB TRAINING. THESE ACTIVISTS DEMONSTRATED SUPPORT OF THE EFFORTS. WORLD BANK AND LIMITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT $6.4 BILLION IN FUNDS BETWEEN THE YEARS 2017-2020. WHICH DEMONSTRATED SUPPORT OF THE GOVERNMENT AIMING TO DEVELOP THE TAX BASE THAT WILL IMPROVE EDUCATION, INCOME AND RELIEF FUNDING. THIS ALONE IS THE GOAL TO DECREASE POVERTY. AS OF JULY 1, 2020, THE WORLD BANK IS FINANCING 17 PROJECTS IN MADAGASCAR DEVELOPING EDUCATION, NUTRITION, EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL PROTECTION, RESILIENT AGRICULTURE, ENERGY, TRANSPORT, AND SUPPORT FOR PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT. HAVE THE GOVERNMENT EFFORTS BEEN SUCCESSFUL? WHAT EVIDENCE LEADS YOU TO THIS CONCLUSION? SYRIA GOVERNMENT HAS NOT BEEN VERY SUCCESSFUL IN MY OPTION. GRANTING A ONE-TIME CHECK IS A TEMPORARY FIX. ACCORDING TO AL-ARABIYA NEWS(2020) GOODS SUCH AS HEATING FUEL, PETROL, AND COOKING GAS HAD INCREASED. OVER THE YEARS FOOD PRICES HAVE DOUBLED. A ONE-TIME PAYMENT CAN NOT HELP ONE THAT DOES NOT HAVE INCOME. MADAGASCAR ACCORDING TO HENRECKSON (2019) THE PROCESS IS SLOW BUT IS MOVING IN A POSITIVE WAY AND THE POVERTY RATES SHOULD DROP IN THE NEXT TWO YEARS. I DO BELIEVE THAT THE NONGOVERNMENT AIDS HELPED BETTER THEN THE GOVERNMENT DID. THE NONGOVERNMENT AID PROVIDE TRAINING AND SCHOOLING/EDUCATION. IN 2021MADAGASAR IS STILL ONE OF THE HIGHEST COUNTY INTO POVERTY. ACCORDING TO WORLD BOOK MADAGASCAR POVERTY RATE WAS AT 75% AND INCREASED IN 2020 TO 78%. ARE THOSE EFFORTS CONGRUENT WITH SOCIAL WORK VALUES? JUSTIFY ARGUMENT. MADAGASCAR GOVERNMENT AIMED TOWARD DEVELOP A NO, BOTH SYRIA AND MADAGASCAR GOVERNMENT EFFORTS DOES NOT CONGRUENT WITH OUR SOCIAL WORK VALUES. SYRIA GOVERNMENT ONLY GIFTED AN 40,000-POUND CHECK TO INDIVIDUALS WITH NO JOB. THESE INDIVIDUALS COULD HAVE FAMILIES 40,000 POUNDS IN US DOLLARS IS $8.80. WITH THE INCREASE F GOODS HOW CAN THAT SUPPORT A FAMILY? THIS IS NOT SERVICE, SOCIAL JUSTICE, DIGNITY, IMPORTANCE OF FAMILY RELATIONSHIP, INTEGRITY OR COMPETENCE. BETTER INCOME AND TRADE MARKET TO BRING FUNDS INTO MADAGASCAR. I DO FEEL THAT BUILDING THE ECONOMY COULD HELP. BUT WHO WILL BE THE BUYERS? WITH 78% IN POVERTY WHERE WOULD THE FUNDS COME FROM IN ORDER TO BUY THE PRODUCTS THAT ARE BEING SOLD. ACCORDING TO HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH (2021) MADAGASCAR GOVERNMENT IS NOT USE THE FUNDS THAT HAVE BEEN GIVEN BY THE NONGOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS ON THE NEEDS OF THE PEOPLE. THE GOVERNMENT IS USING THE AID TO FUND HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSE. WHICH THIS DOES NOT CONGRUENT WITH OUR SOCIAL WORK VALUES. ARE THOSE SUPPORTED BY SOCIAL JUSTICE THEORIES? DISCUSS AT LEAST TWO SOCIAL JUSTICES' THEORIES TO JUSTIFY ARGUMENT. LIBERTARIAN PERSPECTIVE COMPRISES A NETWORK OF NATURAL AND VOLUNTARY EQUAL INDIVIDUALS THAT SERVE HUMAN NEEDS. INDIVIDUALS HAVE FULL SELF OWNERSHIP. THE PERSON HAS THEIR OWN RIGHTS. THOSE EFFORTS FOR BOTH SYRIA AND MADAGASCAR DO NOT SUPPORT THIS SOCIAL JUSTICE THEORY. WHY? THE PEOPLE OF BOTH SYRIA AND MADAGASCAR DOES NOT HAVE THEIR OWN RIGHTS AS AN INDIVIDUAL AS THEY SUCH. THEIR NEEDS ARE NOT MET BECAUSE, THEY ARE IN POVERTY, AND IT IS A MAJOR ISSUES. THESE TWO COUNTRIES HAS BEEN IN POVERTY OVER THE YEARS. SYRIA WILL NOT IMPROVE IF BETTER ACTION IS NOT TOKEN. MADAGASCAR HAS A GOOD START BUT NO FUNDS TO ASSIST THEM. ONE THING I DID UNDERSTAND IS WHEN LIBERTARIAN IS DOWNWARD FROM SOCIETY TO THE INDIVIDUALS IS LIMITED. WITH BOTH COUNTRIES SUPPORT AND SERVICES ARE VERY LIMITED. UTILITARIAN PERSPECTIVES I CHOSE UTILITARIAN THEORETICAL BECAUSE IT STATES THAT FOUNDED ON A LARGE EXTENT JUSTIFIED BY WANTING TO FORM RELATIONSHIPS TO GAIN ADVANTAGE. WITH MAX GOOD TO THE MAX PERSON. UTILITARIAN THEORIES IS AN EXAMPLE OF BOTH SYRIA AND MADAGASCAR AND THE JUSTICE THEY SHOULD BE RECEIVING BUT IS NOT. THE EFFORTS ARE NOT SUPPORTED BY THIS SOCIAL JUSTICE THEORY. MAXIMUM GOODS DOE NOT GO TO MAXIMUM PEOPLE. THEY PEOPLE OF MADAGASCAR AND SYRIA ARE BOTH DEEP IN POVERTY. INTERVENTIONS TO IMPROVE THE EFFORTS ALREADY MADE TO REDUCE OR ELIMINATE THE PROBLEM. BUILD OF HOMES WITH BOTH SYRIA AND MADAGASCAR, I WOULD START BY ACCEPTING THE AID FROM THE NONGOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION. I WOULD USE THE FUNDS TO CLEAN AND REBUILD BOTH SYRIA AND MADAGASCAR. I WOULD HIRE THE PEOPLE OF SYRIA AND MADAGASCAR TO BUILD THESE HOMES TO PUT MONEY BACK INTO THE COMMUNITY. IMPROVING TRAINING AND MAKING EDUCATION PRIORITY DEVELOP A PROGRAM TO TRAIN INDIVIDUAL HOW TO BUILD THE HOMES AND OTHER TRADES. I WOULD ALSO MAKE SCHOOLING FOR ALL AGES FREE. Both Syria and Madagascar had lack of food and watch. Both was deep in poverty and government was abusing that fund that are gifted. WHICH SOCIAL WORK VALUE AND ETHICS SUPPORT YOUR ACTIONS? SOCIAL JUSTICE DIGNITY/ WORTH OF A PERSON SOCIAL JUSTICE WITHIN MY INTERVENTION WITH COMMUNICATION, EMPATHY, AND THE BASIC RIGHTS OF THE INDIVIDUALS IS VERY IMPORTANCE. THIS WILL HAVE ME BETTER SERVICE THEM. NOT THIS VALUE WOULD WORK WITH MY INTERVENTION BECAUSE I WOULD BE RESPECTFUL, MINDFUL OF OTHERS AND I WOULD PROMOTE THIS VALUES AS WELL. WITHIN MY INVENTION IN ORDER TO MAKE IT JUDGING BEFORE HAVING A CLEAR UNDERSTANDING OF THEIR NEEDS. WORK WE MUST RESPECT ONE ANOTHER EVEN WITH DIFFERENCES. WHAT RESEARCH SUPPORTS YOUR ACTIONS? ACCORDING TO THE WORLD BANK(2021) FUNDING CLASS WORDS, SCHOOLS ,FARMING AND HOUSEHOLDS IMPROVED IRRIGATION AND SERVICES. WHICH HUMAN- BEHAVIOR THEORIES SUPPORT YOUR ACTIONS? EMPOWERMENT THEORY CONFLICT THEORIES INTERVENTIONS TO HELP PEOPLE CARRY OUT A SENSE OF CONTROL WITH OTHERS. PROVIDES EXPLANATION FOR THE WAY LIVES OF OTHERS. I CHOSE EMPOWERMENT THEORY FOR BOTH SYRIA AND MADAGASCAR THIS THEORY WOULD HAVE GAIN CONTROL BACK IN THEIR COUNTRY AS WELL. BY REINFORCING HUMAN RIGHTS. THIS THEORY GOVERNMENTS ARE LACKING ON HELPING THE PEOPLE OF THEIR COUNTRY. PRACTICING EMPOWERMENT THEORY CAN HELP WHEN ADVOCATING FOR THEIR HUMAN RIGHTS. THIS WOULD WORK WELL WITH MY ACTIONS BECAUSE, THE PEOPLE WILL HAVE TO GAIN THEIR CONTROL BACK TO START PROGRESSING. THAT POWER IMPACTS THE ALSO HELPS UNDERSTAND THE WAY POWER IMPACT OTHERS I CHOSE CONFLICT THEORIES BECAUSE, WITH MY ACTIONS WITH CONFLICT COMES CONTROL AND DIFFERENT INTERESTS. SOMEONE WILL FEEL DIFFERENT ABOUT MY ACTIONS. THE GOVERNMENT FOR SYRIA COULD FEEL LIKE THAT ONE CHECK IS ENOUGH. MY ACTIONS WOULD BETTER SERVICE THE PEOPLE BY PROVIDING HOUSING, JOBS AND EDUCATION TO BOTH COUNTRIES. DO YOU THINK YOUR ACTIONS WOULD BE FEASIBLE IN THOSE COUNTRIES CURRENT SOCIAL/POLITICAL CLIMATES? YES! WORKING WITH THE NONGOVERNMENT AID IT COULD BE USED TO PROVIDE HOUSING AND FOOD. HELPING WITH THE POPULATION THAT IS BEING AFFECTED AT THIS TIME. BEFORE PUTTING MONEY INTO THE ECONOMY. WE CAN PUT MONEY BACK INTO THE COMMUNITY. TEACH THE PEOPLE TO BUILD HOMES AND PAY THE PEOPLE OF MADAGASCAR AND SYRIA. NOW THAT THE WAR IS OVER IN SYRIA, WE CAN REBUILD SYRIA. YES, I DO THINK MY ACTIONS WOULD WORK IN BOTH COUNTRIES. I DO BELIEVE THAT MY ACTIONS WOULD BE FEASIBLE IN SYRIA AND MADAGASCAR. HOW WOULD YOU EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF YOUR ACTIONS? HOW WOULD YOU KNOW THEIR SUCCESSFUL? A: INTERVENTION PRE INTERVENTION BASELINE FOLLOWED BY INTERVENTION . FIRST, I WOULD TEACH PEOPLE OF SYRIA AND MADAGASCAR HOW TO FARM GOODS SUCH AS VEGETABLES AND FRUITS. SECOND, WE WOULD TAKE THE FUND FROM THE NGO AND PURCHASE SUPPLIES TO BUILD HOMES. WE WILL TEACH THE PEOPLE HOW TO SALE GOODS AND BUILD HOMES FOR POUNDS. WE WOULD KEEP THIS GOING INTO A PROFIT IS MADE. WE WILL THEN PUT THE MONEYBACK INTO THE COMMUNITY. BASELINE: DATA, EVALUATION BUILD A TOTAL OF 3 HOMES PER MONTH SELL FOR 50,000 POUND ($11) PER HOME $6.00 GO TO THE FAMILY $5 TO THE COMMUNITY I WOULD EVALUATE EVERY MONTH WITH A TASK CHECK OFF. IF HOUSES WERE BUILT AND HOW LONG IT TOOK TO BUILD. I WOULD EVALUATE HOW THEY WERE BOUGHT. I WOULD ALSO EVALUATE THE PEOPLE PROCESS. WAS THIS HARD? DID IT HELP? HOW CAN I IMPROVE? I WOULD KNOW THE ACTION IS SUCCESSFUL IF GOODS ARE BEING SOLD EVERY MONTH AND THE PEOPLE ARE MAKING A PROFIT. Salibi, K. Suleiman , Scullard, . Howard Hayes , Smith, . Charles Gordon , Commins, . David Dean , Gadd, . Cyril John , Hamidé, . Abdul-Rahman , Irvine, . Verity Elizabeth , Ochsenwald, . William L. , Hourani, . Albert Habib and Polk, . William Roe (2021, March 10). Syria. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Syria https://borgenproject.org/poverty-in-madagascar5/#:~:text=Poverty%20Rates%20in%20Madagascar,p er%20day%20as%20of%202019.&text=Still%2C%20this %20remains%20one%20of,less%20per%20day%20in%2 02016. Covell, M. Ann , Deschamps, . Hubert Jules , Southall, . Aidan William , Kent, . Raymond K. and Dresch, . Jean (2021, March 10). Madagascar. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Madagascar https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2021/3/16/syri as-assad-offers-stimulus-to-public-workers-as-crisishttps://www.mei.edu/publications/syrias-war- deepens economy-exacerbates-divide-between-rich-andpoor References Finance. (n.d.). Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Syria/Finance Government-held areas of Syria raise fuel prices, blaming US sanctions. (2020, October 21). Al Arabiya English. https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2020/10/21/Government-held-areas-of-Syria-raise-fuelprices-blaming-US-sanctions How to solve poverty in 10 steps. (2019, November 29). The Borgen Project. https://borgenproject.org/how-to-solvepoverty-10steps/#:~:text=How%20to%20Solve%20Poverty%20in%2010%20Steps%201,needs%20to%20be%20given.%20...%20 More%20items...%20 Local government. (n.d.). Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Syria/Local-government Return to constitutional order. (n.d.). Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Madagascar/Return-toconstitutional-order Syria's war economy exacerbates divide between rich and poor. (n.d.). Middle East Institute. https://www.mei.edu/publications/syrias-war-economy-exacerbates-divide-between-rich-and-poor Syria’s Assad offers stimulus to public workers as crisis deepens. (2021, March 16). Breaking News, World News and Video from Al Jazeera | Today's latest from Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2021/3/16/syrias-assadoffers-stimulus-to-public-workers-as-crisis-deepens A Quick Guide to APA Citation 7th Edition For detailed standards and procedures, consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association or the APA Style website at https://apastyle.apa.org/. 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