345-101 Risk and Knowledge, H21 R&K Project Part 2: SUBMISSION FORM Name: Student number: The Report may be submitted in table format or in narrative format. The Table Format is provided first, and the Narrative Format second. Please delete from the final submission the format you are NOT using. Make sure to complete the title using your own topic choice. Due date: Week 8, Thursday 11 March (day end) Grade value: 15% Length: 3-4 pages, 650-750 words (regular font, double spaced) plus reference page. Submission details: Via Léa (Assignments and Dropbox). Make sure to keep and save a backup copy of your submission. Late submission penalty: 1 point per day deducted off the earned grade. Table Format You may remove the EITHER-OR column you are NOT using and widen the two remaining columns. The Risk of harm, loss or injury from (…): Description from sources in two domains of information production and diffusion Standpoint and domain Cultural of claims (popular culture sources) (OBLIGATORY) TWO DOCUMENTS Element of description 1. Identification and 1. definition: Who: 2. Who identifies and defines the risk and the probability of harm, loss or injury? Name the identifiers and definers whether individuals or organizations who are named in the document or who authored or produced the document (e.g. a media organization, an NGO, the UNO, a government body, a private corporation, an individual expert or professional). Techno-Scientific (EITHER-OR) TWO DOCUMENTS Governmental (or political) (EITHER-OR) TWO DOCUMENTS 1. 2. 1. 2. 2. Identification and 1 20210502032757project_part_2_instructions 345-101 Risk and Knowledge, H21 R&K Project Part 2: SUBMISSION FORM definition: What What is the basis or ground of the claim to knowledge about the risk made by the identifier in 1? State what expertise or specialized knowledge the identifier or definer has, appears to have or claims to have about the risk (e.g. professional position, first-hand experience, amateur or lay interest, activism or advocacy; journalism; formal research). 3. Informational form or format In what form or format is the information that defines and identifies the risk presented and conveyed? For example, is it in the form of an article in a scientific journal, a report in a newspaper (online or print), a video on Youtube, a poster or a graphic image presented or circulating in public or semipublic space. 4. Terms of identification and definition What is the specific risk or probable unwanted occurrence that is named and identified in the document? Name the event, condition or circumstance that is at risk of happening (e.g. an airplane malfunction, a volcanic eruption, a viral epidemic). 5. Probability claims: statement of claim What specific claim of the likelihood of harm, loss or injury is being made? State what the overall claim is of the probability of the 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 2 20210502032757project_part_2_instructions 345-101 Risk and Knowledge, H21 R&K Project Part 2: SUBMISSION FORM unwanted occurrence. State the likelihood of occurrence being presented, projected or implied in the document. 6. Probability claims: numbers & narratives What is the manner of presenting the likelihood or probability of the unwanted occurrence (the potential harm, loss or injury)? Are probability claims made in numerical or quantitative form (as ratios, percentages, ranks)? Do probability claims take the form of narrative or stories? Do they take the form of images or graphic representations? 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. Reference List ==END== Narrative Format (may be modified if you prefer a different presentation aesthetic) The Risk of harm, loss or injury from (…): Description from sources in two domains of information production and diffusion 1. Identification and definition: Who? 1.1 Popular Culture sources: 1. 2. 1.2 Either Scientific or Governmental sources: 1. 2. 2. Identification and definition: What? 3 20210502032757project_part_2_instructions 345-101 Risk and Knowledge, H21 R&K Project Part 2: SUBMISSION FORM 2.1 Popular Culture sources: 1. 2. 2.2 Either Scientific or Governmental sources: 1. 2. 3. Informational form or format 3.1 Popular Culture sources: 1. 2. 3.2 Either Scientific or Governmental sources: 1. 2. 4. Terms of identification and definition 4.1 Popular Culture sources: 1. 2. 4.2 Either Scientific or Governmental sources: 1. 2. 5. Probability claims: statement of claim 5.1 Popular Culture sources: 1. 2. 5.2 Either Scientific or Governmental sources: 1. 2. 6. Probability claims: numbers & narratives 6.1 Popular Culture sources: 1. 2. 6.2 Either Scientific or Governmental sources: 4 20210502032757project_part_2_instructions 345-101 Risk and Knowledge, H21 R&K Project Part 2: SUBMISSION FORM 1. 2. Reference List ==END== 5 20210502032757project_part_2_instructions Risk and Knowledge, Humanities 345-101, H21 Project Part 1 Name: Abd Al Rahman Al Kabani Student number: 2036811 Title: 1. Account from current knowledge People adopt different behaviours and lifestyles as time goes by depending on their geographical locations and influence from others. However, they can cause adverse effects to an individual who continually overdoes them without regulations and control. People become predisposed to risks and detrimental harm associated with taking up behaviors and lifestyles like drug use, extreme sports, smoking, and conventional sports. Once drugs like cocaine are abused, and they weaken peoples' immune systems, exposing them to illnesses. Drugs also have adverse effects on mental capacity and even lead to brain damage. Additionally, continued abuse of drugs exposes individuals to poor decision-making relating to their workplace or personal affairs. Extreme sports like surfing and ski diving are characterized by high speeds associated with high risks too. When sports face anomalies like mechanical issues, one can face fatal spinal and brain injuries due to the accident's impact. Individuals can also die from injuries inflicted by accidents. Bones also get broken when an extreme sports accident occurs since the impact is usually huge due to the high speeds. Conventional sports include football, tennis, and athletics. Risks and harm associated with these sports include concussions often caused by a collision between two players. The impact can eventually lead to brain damage and career shutdown. 2. Summary of recent news reporting Article 1: The most significant percentage of drug abusers is the youth, often coined as "tomorrow's future." Drugs lead to addiction such that an individual cannot perform any task delegated to him without getting intoxicated with drugs like cocaine and smoking. They become so tied Risk and Knowledge, Humanities 345-101, H21 Project Part 1 into the abuse, which may affect the organization's results or family issues back at home. Research done in Arak University of Medical students in 2016 showed that most students who faced poor economic status were stressed (Ranjbaran et al., 2018). Drug abuse is often pushed by family issues and peer pressure from friends at their workplace or home. The research further unearthed that drug addiction was attributed to family struggles and poor economic backgrounds. Drug addiction is the prevalence of seeking drugs with the best means possible. The addiction leads to psychological complications, which later lead to a high rate of mortality. Drug addiction also exposes adolescents and young people to adverse mental health issues where college students are the most vulnerable. Recent reports about how the young have been exposed to a high prevalence rate of drug addiction have been hitting the globe. Since treating addicts is almost impossible, drug consumption and context are provided before using them, thus creating awareness to the abusers. Article 2: Extreme sports have gained fame within the last decade or so. The sport is very addictive despite it being ranked among the most dangerous sports in the world. The media has labeled rock climbers and high altitude jumpers as "adrenaline junkies," which sums up their addiction to the hazardous sport (Heirene et al., 2016). Psychological and behavioral aspects attributed to the addition of the sport include craving for the sport, which may be a death trap of their own. Rock climbing, which is one of the extreme sports, is very addictive. Rock climbers experience withdrawal symptoms when they are not in the sport compared to individuals who face behavior and lifestyle addictions. Extreme sports continue to grow despite the risks of physical injuries or even death. Risk and Knowledge, Humanities 345-101, H21 Project Part 1 The article opens up readers' minds to visualize the detrimental effects of the addiction to extreme sporting activities like sky diving and rock climbing. These sports are practiced in places that pose a massive threat to their lives. For instance, a skydiver whose equipment gets faulty while onboard is at much risk of breaking his bones or even dying compared to any other sport. This article discusses an occurrence of a risky event like rock climbing and its adverse risks and harm. References: Heirene, R. M., Shearer, D., Roderique-Davies, G., & Mellalieu, S. D. (2016). Addiction in extreme sports: An exploration of withdrawal states in rock climbers. Journal of behavioral addictions, 5(2), 332-341. Ranjbaran, M., Mohammadshahi, F., Mani, S., & Karimy, M. (2018). Risk factors for addiction potential among college students. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 9(1), 17. 345-101 Risk and Knowledge, H21 Project Part 2: Sample Submission (table format complete, narrative format incomplete) This “Sample” of the Project Part 2 Report includes information for more than two popular culture documents and for both techno-scientific and governmental sources. The submission requirement is for information from TWO popular culture documents and TWO documents from EITHER techno-scientific sources OR from governmental sources. Some information in the table is incomplete as it is intended as a guide only. It is important to consult the “Project Guidelines” for more complete information on this assignment. Project Part 2 Sample Submission Brian Aboud Table Format The Risk of loss, harm or injury for commercial air travel: Description from sources in two domains of information production and diffusion Standpoint and domain of claims Element of description 1.. Identification and definition: Who? Who identifies and defines the risk and the probability of harm, loss or injury? Cultural (popular culture sources) (Obligatory) TWO documents Techno-Scientific (Either-Or) TWO documents Governmental (or political) (Either-Or) TWO documents 1. Insurance company, Travel Guard (part of AIG Inc, insurance corporation) The identifiers are likely to be the company’s actuaries in conjunction with its marketing department. 1. ICAO “Plan” Researchers and specialists of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), UNO 1. The Transportation Safety Board of Canada (TSB). The Canadian government agency that oversees transportation safety in Canada: 2. Mass media, The Globe and Mail (Toronto, Canada) There are two identifiers: (a) Inspectors surveyed by the Canadian Federal Pilots Association and the Union of Transportation Employees. 2. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction (IJDRR) Four professors and/or researchers in Disaster and Risk Management, York University, Canada. 2. The Civil Aviation Authority (CAA), Government of the United Kingdom. The UK government organization that functions as the UK’s aviation regulator. Its work includes regulating airline safety as well as safety at airports and in UK airspace. (b) Captain Daniel Slunder. He is President of the Canadian Federal Pilots Association. Association that represents licensed pilots. 3. Internet website Flight tracking website: Flight Aware The website manager in the “Squawks” section of the website. The information was submitted by a subscriber. The submission links to an article on air travel news website called “Simple Flying”. 1 R&K_Part 2_Sample_Table format_H21 (fin4dis).doc 345-101 Risk and Knowledge, H21 Project Part 2: Sample Submission (table format complete, narrative format incomplete) 4. Aerospace company and airplane manufacturer: The Boeing Company The Boeing Company website has a section called “Aviation Safety”, accessed from the section “About Boeing Commercial Airplanes”. The information on safety in commercial airplanes is provided by the Commercial Airplanes division of Boeing. 2. Identification and Definition: What What is the basis or ground of the claim to knowledge about the risk? 1. Insurance company, Travel Guard The Travel Guard insurance company specializes in travel insurance. It claims to be among the top travel insurance companies. It is an affiliate of AIG a global insurance corporation. Insurance companies employ actuaries who are specialists in the in the mathematical calculation of probable occurrences. They have specialized knowledge in the calculation of risk. The company also want to sell insurance policies, so it will publicize all the ways things can go wrong with airplane travel, so that people will by the product. 2. Mass media. Globe and Mail (a) The Canadian Federal Pilots Association and the Union of Transportation Employees are both deeply involved in the aviation industry. The conducted a survey of airplane inspectors and gathered data on the airplane risk from the inspectors’ perspective. (b) The President of the Canadian Federal Pilots Association, and a licensed pilot will have specialized, first hand knowledge of airplane-related risks. 1. ICAO The Organization’s overall role is to “manage the administration and governance of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention). One of ICAO’s “Strategic Objectives” has to do with safety. The specific phrasing of the objective is to “Enhance global civil aviation safety”. (ICAO, “Safety”) 2. IJDRR The authors are professors and researchers with the School of Administrative Studies of York University in the Disaster and Emergency Management Program. The risk identification is based on a study. The study was conducted to “develop the basis for a simple and new airplane hazard and risk mapping approach” that produced airplane hazard maps at local, regional and national scales. 1. The TSB is described as “an independent agency that advances transportation safety by investigating occurrences in the air, marine pipeline and rail modes of transportation.” TheTSB was created by an Act of Canadian Parliament. 2. The CAA produces a “Safety Plan” which sets out how it satisfies safety to a high level in a range of areas including that: aircraft are properly designed, manufactured, operated and maintained; airlines are competent; flight crew, air traffic controllers and aircraft maintenance engineers are appropriately trained and qualified; licensed aerodromes are safe to use; air traffic services and general aviation activities meet required safety standards; and new technology does not introduce risks that are unacceptable. The Plan addresses “Mitigating key safety risks” relating to air displays, mid-air collision, runway incursions and excursions, among others. 3. Flight tracking website. The website claims expertise in all matters relating to air travel. It receives finformation from multiple sources involved in air travel and safety. It states the following on its webpage: ”FlightAware is a digital aviation company and operates the world's largest flight tracking and data platform. With global connectivity to every segment of aviation, FlightAware provides over 10,000 aircraft operators and service providers as well as over 13,000,000 passengers with global flight tracking solutions, predictive technology, analytics, and decision- 2 R&K_Part 2_Sample_Table format_H21 (fin4dis).doc 345-101 Risk and Knowledge, H21 Project Part 2: Sample Submission (table format complete, narrative format incomplete) making tools.” 4. Aerospace Company, Boeing. Boeing claims that it has always been focused on the safety of its products and that it is committed to building and servicing the safest products. Boeing planes meet and exceed regulatory requirements. Boeing states that its annual publication Statistical Summary of Commercial Airplane Accidents is the “definitive source of air accident information for the aviation industry. 3. Informational form or format: In what form or format is the information that defines and identifies the risk presented and conveyed? 4. Terms of identification and definition What is the specific risk or probable unwanted occurrence that is named and 1. Insurance company The information is presented on the company’s website. It is in the form of list of possible harms and losses that may arise when travelling by air. 2. Mass media Newspaper article: “Survey finds gaps in aviation safety”. Article in the Globe and Mail 24 April 2014.. Found online through Gale Global Issues search engine. 3. Flight Aware: Internet website The information is presented on an internet website. It is presented in narrative form as reports of aircraft and air travel mishaps, near misses and other unwanted occurrences and possible occurrences. There are accompanying graphics including a photo of a damaged aircraft. Reader comments on the report are also included. 4. Aerospace Company, Boeing. There is a section on “Aviation Safety” covering the topics Robust Processes, Continuous Monitoring, New Technology and Accident Investigations. In the section on “Aviation Safety” there is a link to the document “Statistical Summary of Commercial Jet Airplane Accidents.” 1. Insurance company Presents 10 situations that “really happen” when travelling. The situation include flight cancellation, loss of belongings, stolen passport or wallet, an accident while overseas, unexpected occurrence that prevents you from travelling, luggage does not arrive, airline company bankruptcy, terrorist incident at destination, natural hazard (e.g. hurricane). 1. ICAO “Plan” An organizational document qualified as a “Plan” entitled “Global Aviation Safety Plan 2020-2022”. (GASP) Found at the ICAO website. 2. IJDRR The information is presented in the form of an academic article published in a scholarly, scientific journal, the International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2015. 1. ICAO GASP 2020-22 Identifies “High-Risk Categories of Occurrence” (HRCs) HRCs selected based on actual fatalities, high fatality risk per accident or the number of accidents and incidents. HRCs for 2020-22 are: a) controlled flight into terrain; b) loss of control in-flight; c) mid-air collision d) runway excursion 1. TSB A brochure available at the TSB website in PDF format entitled Key Safety Issues. Narrative form. 2. CAA CAA website presents information on runway incursions and excursions in its section the Safety Plan Mitigating Key Safety Risks. This information is presented in narrative form. 1. TSB, Canada The risk that is referred to specifically as a “key risk” is that of collision from runway incursions… 2. CAA, UK The CCA identifies runway incursions and excursions as one of the areas of risk that must be mitigated. It states that in its risk mitigation efforts it should implement the European Action Plans for the 3 R&K_Part 2_Sample_Table format_H21 (fin4dis).doc 345-101 Risk and Knowledge, H21 Project Part 2: Sample Submission (table format complete, narrative format incomplete) identified in the document? 2. Mass media: There is a risk of a major aviation accident in Canada owing to the switch to safety management systems (SMS) to assess the safety of airplanes. 3. Flight Aware: Internet website The circumstance is that of deliberate aircraft sabotage by an airplane mechanic that could have caused the aircraft to malfunction had it not been detected before takeoff. 5. Probability claims: statement of claim What specific claim of the likelihood of harm, loss or injury is being made? 4. Boeing website, Aviation Safety. This page mentions a large number of unwanted occurrences. The term “risk” is not used or rarely used. This page is written with a view to presenting all the ways that Boeing aims to ensure safety and prevent unwanted occurrences on airplanes. The occurrences mentioned are thinks like engine failure, runway overruns, accident chains. 1. Insurance company The probability claim takes the form of a statement that “things happen” when you travel and in the form of a list of unwanted occurrences that can arise from travel. 10 reasons are given for why travel insurance is a good idea implying that there is a fairly high probability that something unwanted can occur. 2. Mass media “Travellers are vulnerable to a major aviation accident”, inspectors say. 84% of respondents to the survey “expect a major aviation accident or incident in the near future.” 3. Internet website A severe incident is said to have been highly probable if the aircraft has taken off. The pilot of the flight stated that the tampering would have exposed passangers and crew “to a higher level of danger had the aircraft gone airborne”. Prosecutors at the mechanic’s trial said the flight could have ended in catastrophe had the place taken off. e) runway incursion 2. IJDRR The risk is that of airplane crashes and the degree of severity of harm and loss resulting from airplane crashes in urban areas. There are certain parts of urban areas that at greater risk or where risk of harm is higher based on a correlation of airplane crash hazard and population density. 1. ICAO Plan The probability claim is expressed as occurrences of incidents and fatalities in the “high-risk categories” of occurrences. The HRCs refer to occurrences in which fatalities are high. It can assumed that these are occurrences in which fatality is highly probable. The Plan does not address probable occurrences or probably fatality rates per occurrence. However, we are led to understand that the HRCs are determined according to the number of fatalities and the high risk of fatality per accident. 2. IJDRR The claim is that the risk of harm or loss is increased depending on where in an urban area the crash occurs. The risk of harm and the probability of a crash is increased by the density of flight paths over urban areas. prevention of runway incursions and excursions (EAUPRI and EAUPRE). The EAUPRI states that runway incursions are considered “one of the most serious safety threats amongst operational personnel.” The EAUPRI follows the ICAO definition of a runway incursions as: “any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and take-off of aircraft.” (Eurocontrol, 2017, 1. TBA, Canada The probability of runway incursions is expressed as… 2. CAA, UK The CAA Safety Plan statement on runway incursions and excursions refers to the EAPRI as its guidance on mitigating incursion risk. The EAPRI 2017 states that there continue to be a minimum of two runway incursions every day in the European region. (Eurocontrol, 4) It is stated that communication issues “are frequently a causal or contributory factor” of runway occurrences. The claim is that if communications relating to aerodrome operations on a runway are improved, then runway incursions will be prevented. 4. Aerospace company: Boeing The document “Statistical Summary of Commercial Jet Airplane Accicents” provides data on airplane accidents between 1959 and 2019. The data shows that by various paramaters of measurement, there has been a reduction in airplane accidents and 4 R&K_Part 2_Sample_Table format_H21 (fin4dis).doc 345-101 Risk and Knowledge, H21 Project Part 2: Sample Submission (table format complete, narrative format incomplete) 6. Probability claims: numbers & narratives What is the manner of presenting the likelihood or probability of the unwanted occurrence (the potential harm, loss or injury)? fatalities over the 60 years since the “launch of the get age in 1959”: “The data and Boeing’s analyses in the following pages underline the vast improvements tat have been made in the first six decades of commercial flight, and call out those areas where we must continue to make improvements. Thanks in part to documents like this and the thinking that drives them, commercial aviation has evolved into one of the safest forms of travel ever devised.” “Statistical Summary”, p. 4. 1. Insurance company: Travel Guard “10 Reasons” present the probability in narrative form. A set of possibly scenarios are presented all of which describe an unwanted occurrence (a loss, or injury or harm). No quantitative value of the likelihood of any of these occurrences is presented. Rather, the list of 10 possible occurrences suggests that there is a wide variety of things that can go wrong. 2. Mass media The probability claim is presented in the form of an expectation expressed by the survey respondents who are airplane inspectors. The degree of risk is expressed quantitatively as the percentage of respondents who stated that they expect a major aviation incident. The percentage of respondents who stated this is 85%. This translates as 85% of inspectors surveyed think that travelers have been exposed to higher risk as a result of the Transport Canada decision to implement safety management systems. 3. Flight Aware: Internet website The probability claim is presented in the form of an assessment by the pilot and court prosecutors as to the likelihood of harm if the plane had been airborne. Probabilities are not expressed in quantitative values, but in the form of expectation based on the effects of the tampering on the readings from instruments to monitor airspeed, altitude and pitch. : The probability of fatality in accidents or incidents that include in the high-risk categories are not represented quantitatively. Rather, the Plan indicates the fatality rates for each of the HRCs. a) Controlled flight into terrain: few, if any survivors; high fatality risk; b) Loss of control in-flight catastrophic results; few, if any survivors; high fatality risk; c) Mid-air collision: catastrophic results; few, in any survivors, highrisk of fatality; d) Runway excursions: predominant in terms of number of occurrences; majority of runway excursions survivable; fatality risk is significant; e) Runway incursions: few runway incursions result in collisions, high fatality risk. “The collision between two B747s at Los Rodeos Airport, Teneriffe, in 1977, was the result of a runway incursion and remains the worst accident in aviation history, with the highest number of fatalities.” (Plan, p. 1-3-6) 2. IJDRR The probability claims are presented in the form of maps. The authors call them hazard maps with illustrate in various ways the degree of vulnerability from airplane crashes based on population density and the degree of hazard on account of flight path density among other things. 1. TBA Canada The probability claim is expressed in the form of the chance of occurrence out of the total number of runway movements at Canadian airports. The change is expressed numerically as… 2. CAA UK The probability claims are presented mostly in narrative form. They are stated as factors that increase the likelihood of runway incursion incidents. The causal or contributory factor that is given most attention is communication breakdown on the manoeuvring area of a runway. The one figure that is provided is that of a minimum of 2 runway incursion incidents per day in the European region. The word “minimum” means that there are more than 2. The EUAPRI does not state what degree of probability there is of an occurrence. The CAA does not provide data on runway incursions to suggest the likelihood of occurrence. It states that improvements have been made in runway safety to the implementation of the EAPPRI and the tracking of responses to and analysis of safety data. (CAA, Runway Incursions) 4. Aerospace Company, Boeing, Statistical Summary The information presented on the airplane accidents is presented in statistical form with tables, charts and graphs. There are some narrative summaries on the various topics relating to airplane accidents that are covered. 5 R&K_Part 2_Sample_Table format_H21 (fin4dis).doc 345-101 Risk and Knowledge, H21 Project Part 2: Sample Submission (table format complete, narrative format incomplete) Reference List Asgary, Ali et. al. “Mapping potential airplane hazards and risks using airline traffic data.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 13 (2015): 276-280. Bewicke, Henry. “American Airlines Mechanic Jailed Following Aircraft Sabotage.” Simple Flying, 5 March 2020. In “Squawks”, Flight Aware website. https://flightaware.com/, Accessed 23 February 2021. Boeing Company. “Aviation Safety.” https://www.boeing.com/company/about-bca/aviationsafety.page. Accessed 20 February 2021. Boeing Company. “Statistical Summary of Commercial Jet Airplane Accidents: Worldwide Operations, 1959-2019.” Boeing, December 2020. Canada, Government of Canada., Transportation Safety Board of Canada. Key Safety Issues in Canada’s Transportation System. Transportation Safety Board of Canada, 2018. EUROCONTROL (European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation). “European Action Plan for the Prevention of Runway Incursions.” EUROCONTROL, 2017. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Global Aviation Safety Plan 2020-2022. Montreal, ICAO: 2019. "Survey finds gaps in aviation safety." Globe & Mail [Toronto, Canada], 24 Apr. 2014, p. A4. Gale In Context: Global Issues, https://proxy4.vaniercollege.qc.ca:2363/apps/doc/A365831246/GIC?u=vaniercol&sid=GIC&xi d=4142974f. Accessed 4 Feb. 2021. Travel Guard. “10 Reasons Travel Insurance is a Pretty Smart Idea.” Travel Guard, 2021. https://www.travelguard.com/why-buy. Accessed 20 February 2021. United Kingdom, Government of the United Kingdom, Civil Aviation Authority (Department of Transport). “Runway Incursions and Excursions.” Accessed 20 February 2021. https://www.caa.co.uk/Safety-initiatives-and-resources/How-we-regulate/SafetyPlan/Mitigating-key-safety-risks/Runway-incursions-and-excursions/ ==END== 6 R&K_Part 2_Sample_Table format_H21 (fin4dis).doc 345-101 Risk and Knowledge, H21 Project Part 2: Sample Submission (table format complete, narrative format incomplete) Narrative Format (only Element 1 is completed for this sample) 1. Identification and definition: Who? 1.1 Popular Culture sources: 1. Insurance company, Travel Guard (part of AIG Inc, insurance corporation) The identifiers are likely to be the company’s actuaries in conjunction with its marketing department. 2. Aerospace company and airplane manufacturer: The Boeing Company The Boeing Company website has a section called “Aviation Safety”, accessed from the section “About Boeing Commercial Airplanes”. The information on safety in commercial airplanes is provided by the Commercial Airplanes division of Boeing. 1.2 Scientific or Governmental sources: 1. The Transportation Safety Board of Canada (TSB). The Canadian government agency that oversees transportation safety in Canada: 2. The Civil Aviation Authority (CAA), Government of the United Kingdom. The UK government organization that functions as the UK’s aviation regulator. Its work includes regulating airline safety as well as safety at airports and in UK airspace 2. Identification and definition: What? 2.1 Popular Culture sources: 1. 2. 2.2 Scientific or Governmental sources: 1. 2. 3. Informational form or format: 3.1 Popular Culture sources: 1. 2. 3.2 Scientific or Governmental sources: 1. 2. 4. Terms of identification and definition 7 R&K_Part 2_Sample_Table format_H21 (fin4dis).doc 345-101 Risk and Knowledge, H21 Project Part 2: Sample Submission (table format complete, narrative format incomplete) 4.1 Popular Culture sources: 1. 2. 4.2 Scientific or Governmental sources: 1. 2. 5. Probability claims: statement of claim 5.1 Popular Culture sources: 1. 2. 5.2 Scientific or Governmental sources: 1. 2. 6. Probability claims: numbers & narratives 6.1 Popular Culture sources: 1. 2. 6.2 Scientific or Governmental sources: 1. 2. ++END++ 8 R&K_Part 2_Sample_Table format_H21 (fin4dis).doc
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