Aveda Institute Syncitial Blastoderm Stage of Drosophila Embryos Questions

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Nx66666

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Aveda Institute San Antonio

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I have a biology questions assignment they are 4 questions total and they are a free response type of question. i will attach a document here that has the questions that needs to be answered, please look at them carefully since they have lots of details.

QUESTION 1

1.Although BMP is present uniformly in the frog egg, and Chordin is present in a gradient, I described BMP but not Chordin as a morphogen. Explain why Chordin may not be considered a true morphogen. (3-4 sentences).

2.While studying formation of the dorso-ventral axis in the fly embryo, you learnt that several maternal effect genes, when mutated, cause a dorsalized phenotype. Only a single maternal effect gene, when mutated, gives rise to a ventralized phenotype. Explain how this discrepancy makes sense, in the context of what you know about the signaling pathway that is involved. (3-4 sentences)

3.In the syncitial blastoderm stage of Drosophila embryos, nuclei move to the periphery and are held in their positions just beneath the plasma membrane by the cytoskeleton. This is important. Explain why it would be detrimental for pattern formation if the nuclei could freely move around and migrate to new positions. (3-4 sentences)

4.Transcription factors play essential roles in every aspect of embryogenesis. Explain why this statement is correct. (2-3 sentences

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QUESTION 1 1. Although BMP is present uniformly in the frog egg, and Chordin is present in a gradient, I described BMP but not Chordin as a morphogen. Explain why Chordin may not be considered a true morphogen. (3-4 sentences) QUESTION 2 1. While studying formation of the dorso-ventral axis in the fly embryo, you learnt that several maternal effect genes, when mutated, cause a dorsalized phenotype. Only a single maternal effect gene, when mutated, gives rise to a ventralized phenotype. Explain how this discrepancy makes sense, in the context of what you know about the signaling pathway that is involved. (34 sentences) QUESTION 3 1. In the syncitial blastoderm stage of Drosophila embryos, nuclei move to the periphery and are held in their positions just beneath the plasma membrane by the cytoskeleton. This is important. Explain why it would be detrimental for pattern formation if the nuclei could freely move around and migrate to new positions. (3-4 sentences) QUESTION 4 1. Transcription factors play essential roles in every aspect of embryogenesis. Explain why this statement is correct. (23 sentences)
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Tags: BMP independent Chordin morphogenetic activity ventral fate dorsal protein

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Explanation & Answer

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QUESTION 1
1.

Although BMP is present uniformly in the frog egg, and Chordin is present in a gradient, I
described BMP but not Chordin as a morphogen. Explain why Chordin may not be considered a
true morphogen. (3-4 sentences)
Chordin can act over several cell
diameters and create a gradient of BMP signaling so it is considered as a morphogen. But it
does not act as a long range factor in vivo. Furthermore a large amount of
organizer-independent Chordin is present
on the ventral side of the embryo and its morphogenetic activity is inhibited by the presence of
inactivati...