Description
Please follow the directions listed here.
After you read the reading, answer the three questions below.
(Winner - Do Artifacts Have Politics).
Responses should be between 3-4 double spaced pages/850-1,000 words, Times New Roman, 12 pt. font, 1" margins.
Question 1
In your own words, what argument does Winner make? Use specific examples from the reading to help you answer this question.
Question 2
"Winner provides examples of technical systems of various kind which at first sight may not explicitly express any form of political intent, but have in reality been designed to produce concrete social consequences" (Imola, 2019). What is another example of a technological design that enforced a particular political agenda? Specify the technology (i. e. bridges over park ways on Long Island) and the political agenda that you think it enforced/enforces (i.e. limit access of racial minorities and low-income groups to Jones Beach). How does the technology enforce its politics? I am asking you to rely on your critical thinking skills to develop an answer to this question.
Question 3
Does technology influence society or does society influence technology? Why? To answer this question, you might want to revisit past readings that discussed technological determinism versus cultural determinism.
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Explanation & Answer
View attached explanation and answer. Let me know if you have any questions.
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Do Artifacts Have Politics
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Question 1:
In the article, the author's primary focus is on assigning political power to technological
artifacts as the primary cause of controversy on the impact of specific innovation deployment on
predictable directions in society. It implies that certain technologies have political elements, thus
possessing some subordination and authority forms. The implication is the need to focus on the
technologies' characteristics evident in the society and the future impact. Such innovations have
particular social order while reinforcing power relationships. In addition to defining the different
actions in the community, the technology may have political virtues aimed at fulfilling economic
or social power-driven goals. One of the notable characteristics of this journal that helped
Winner reinforce his argument is using different types of technical system examples relating to
how artifacts affect politics and people's social life. He argues that the technology may initially
be implicit in showing any political intention even though the main goal is to result in social and
political consequences.
For instance, he outli...