Who is charles darwin
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who is Charles Darwin and what theories is he known for? Complete sentences required (25 points).
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One model of how addiction occurs, called the brain disease model posits that genetic differences in brains can make some ...
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One model of how addiction occurs, called the brain disease model posits that genetic differences in brains can make some people more susceptible to addiction than others and can make repeated exposure to drugs more damaging. To understand whether this model may be correct, it's important to know whether science can answer similar, related questions.Consider the following in your discussion and support your response with evidence: Do some individuals have a genetic predisposition to addiction? Does repeated exposure to chemicals change the brain? Do you think drug addiction is a moral failing? Is it better to imprison drug addicts or offer them chemical dependency treatment?
Read the incident scenario, and write a response that is at least three pages in
Read
the incident scenario, and write a response that is at least three pages in
length. Your response must include answ ...
Read the incident scenario, and write a response that is at least three pages in
Read
the incident scenario, and write a response that is at least three pages in
length. Your response must include answers to the questions being asked. All
sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced. Paraphrased and/or
quoted materials must have accompanying in-text and reference citations in APA
format.
Scenario:
You
are the Refinery Emergency Response Coordinator for an incident at the SJV
Refinery which has been in operation since 1966. The refinery processes 120,000
bbls of crude oil per day,
which has a sulfur content
of 2.5 percent. The refinery converts crude oil to naptha, light oil, and heavy oils using the Atmospheric/Vacuum
Distillation Unit with key equipment such as the following:
·
naptha, kerosene, gasoline, and diesel hydrotreaters;
·
isomerization unit;
·
naptha reformer;
·
fluid catalytic cracker;
·
coker;
·
hydrocracker;
·
polymerization unit (petrochemical section of the refinery
polymerizing olefin gases to produce polyethylene);
·
sulfur recovery Claus plant (catalytic reactors); and
·
Distillate/gasoline blending tanks.
The
refinery was initiating work on a major plant turnaround at the time of the
incident to complete required maintenance repairs, mechanical integrity
inspections, and modifications to existing equipment. Twenty contractor
companies (approximately 150 employees) have been contracted to perform this
work under the direction of refinery staff. All of the contractor workers
completed the refinery orientation training.
Work
for the contractor crews is assigned/scheduled each morning. On the day of the
incident, the day-shift (6 am to 6 pm) crew had been tasked with isolating the acid gas feed stream for
the Claus unit. Due to other work priorities, the crew did not isolate the line
as planned. A shift turnover for the night contractor crew did not happen due
to mandatory safety training that delayed their arrival at the worksite. Upon
their arrival at the work site, the night crew held a job safety analysis (JSA)
review of the scheduled task (line breaking of the acid gas feed line to
replace a segment) to be performed and the hazards present. No pressure gauges
or monitoring was present to indicate that the acid gas feed line was
operational. The crew
initiated the line breaking activity (open the line to the atmosphere) at
approximately 7:45 pm under self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), which
almost immediately resulted in the uncontrolled release of acid gas. A nearby
ignition source from a welding operation ignited the flammable gas. The
following actions were initially taken:
·
The evacuation alarm was sounded and the refinery emergency
response team (ERT) was activated.
·
The plant manager and the local fire department were notified
of the incident.
·
The incident command was established at the refinery office
near the main refinery access gate to the south (this is the furthest distance
within the refinery boundary from the incident location).
·
The refinery ERT incident commander implemented actions required
under the approved refinery emergency response plan.
·
The ERT was not able to immediately isolate the acid gas feed
pipeline.
·
The fire department arrived on location and assumed the
incident command of the event.
Additional Relevant Information:
·
The refinery encompasses an area measuring 2000 feet by 1400
feet. The Claus unit is located in the most northern part of the refinery,
approximately 1350 feet from the main refinery access gate to the south. The
polymerization unit is operating directly adjacent to the Claus unit.
·
BOS 3640, Interactions of Hazardous Materials 4
·
The nearest residential community is located approximately
1000 feet to the northeast of the refinery.
·
A plastic recycling plant is located along the south fence
boundary of the refinery.
·
A major interstate highway runs directly parallel to the
plant, approximately 1/4 of a mile directly north of the refinery.
·
The ambient temperature on the day of the incident was 85° F
and the wind was blowing at 7 mph from the southwest to the northeast.
·
Work crews were scheduled to work 12-hour shifts, 24-hours a
day, to complete the refinery turnaround.
·
Due to the age of the refinery, SJV has implemented a robust
mechanical integrity program.
·
The refinery has a trained ERT that can respond to incidents.
·
Fixed water monitors are present throughout the refinery to
extinguish refinery equipment fires. The refinery ERT does not fight fires past
the incipient stage.
·
The refinery has received notices of violation (NOVs) from
the local air district in the past several years due to gas and liquid leaks
from piping components, such as valves, compressor/pump seals, and for excess
sodium dioxide (SO2) emissions related with their sulfur plant.
·
Due to historical discharges of organic compounds, groundwater
monitoring wells are present down gradient of the facility. Groundwater
underlying the plant has historically been encountered at 30 feet below ground
surface.
·
Hydrogen sulfide is present in the acid gas feed to the Claus
plant. The H2S concentration of the acid gas feed is approximately 70 percent
by volume. H2S and sulfur dioxide (SO2) have the following physical properties:
Physical
Property
H2S
SO2
Specific
Gravity at 68oF (20oC)
1.54
1.4
Vapor
Density (Air=1)
1.18
2.22
Flashpoint
-116oF
(-82.4oC)
Not
Applicable
Autoignition
Point
500oF
(260oC)
Not
Applicable
Lower
Explosive Limit
4.3%
Not
Applicable
Upper
Explosive Limit
46%
Not
Applicable
IDLH
100 ppm
100 ppm
Questions:
1. Discuss the hazards posed by the interaction of the hazardous materials
present at the refinery and adjacent facilities, including the resulting by-products of the incident fire
and acid gas release.
2. As the lead refinery representative on the unified incident command
(UIC), what actions should be taken by the UIC to respond to this incident
(please consider all receptors).
3. If the polymerization unit is engulfed in the fire, how will this
affect your response?
4. All emergency responders participated in the post-incident critique.
What corrective actions should be implemented by the refinery to prevent the
reoccurrence of this incident?
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Most Popular Content
4 pages
American Dust Bowl
After watching the American Dust Bowl video I got to learn where the title of the documentary came from. The Dust Bowl was ...
American Dust Bowl
After watching the American Dust Bowl video I got to learn where the title of the documentary came from. The Dust Bowl was a name that had been given ...
Biology Question
One model of how addiction occurs, called the brain disease model posits that genetic differences in brains can make some ...
Biology Question
One model of how addiction occurs, called the brain disease model posits that genetic differences in brains can make some people more susceptible to addiction than others and can make repeated exposure to drugs more damaging. To understand whether this model may be correct, it's important to know whether science can answer similar, related questions.Consider the following in your discussion and support your response with evidence: Do some individuals have a genetic predisposition to addiction? Does repeated exposure to chemicals change the brain? Do you think drug addiction is a moral failing? Is it better to imprison drug addicts or offer them chemical dependency treatment?
Read the incident scenario, and write a response that is at least three pages in
Read
the incident scenario, and write a response that is at least three pages in
length. Your response must include answ ...
Read the incident scenario, and write a response that is at least three pages in
Read
the incident scenario, and write a response that is at least three pages in
length. Your response must include answers to the questions being asked. All
sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced. Paraphrased and/or
quoted materials must have accompanying in-text and reference citations in APA
format.
Scenario:
You
are the Refinery Emergency Response Coordinator for an incident at the SJV
Refinery which has been in operation since 1966. The refinery processes 120,000
bbls of crude oil per day,
which has a sulfur content
of 2.5 percent. The refinery converts crude oil to naptha, light oil, and heavy oils using the Atmospheric/Vacuum
Distillation Unit with key equipment such as the following:
·
naptha, kerosene, gasoline, and diesel hydrotreaters;
·
isomerization unit;
·
naptha reformer;
·
fluid catalytic cracker;
·
coker;
·
hydrocracker;
·
polymerization unit (petrochemical section of the refinery
polymerizing olefin gases to produce polyethylene);
·
sulfur recovery Claus plant (catalytic reactors); and
·
Distillate/gasoline blending tanks.
The
refinery was initiating work on a major plant turnaround at the time of the
incident to complete required maintenance repairs, mechanical integrity
inspections, and modifications to existing equipment. Twenty contractor
companies (approximately 150 employees) have been contracted to perform this
work under the direction of refinery staff. All of the contractor workers
completed the refinery orientation training.
Work
for the contractor crews is assigned/scheduled each morning. On the day of the
incident, the day-shift (6 am to 6 pm) crew had been tasked with isolating the acid gas feed stream for
the Claus unit. Due to other work priorities, the crew did not isolate the line
as planned. A shift turnover for the night contractor crew did not happen due
to mandatory safety training that delayed their arrival at the worksite. Upon
their arrival at the work site, the night crew held a job safety analysis (JSA)
review of the scheduled task (line breaking of the acid gas feed line to
replace a segment) to be performed and the hazards present. No pressure gauges
or monitoring was present to indicate that the acid gas feed line was
operational. The crew
initiated the line breaking activity (open the line to the atmosphere) at
approximately 7:45 pm under self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), which
almost immediately resulted in the uncontrolled release of acid gas. A nearby
ignition source from a welding operation ignited the flammable gas. The
following actions were initially taken:
·
The evacuation alarm was sounded and the refinery emergency
response team (ERT) was activated.
·
The plant manager and the local fire department were notified
of the incident.
·
The incident command was established at the refinery office
near the main refinery access gate to the south (this is the furthest distance
within the refinery boundary from the incident location).
·
The refinery ERT incident commander implemented actions required
under the approved refinery emergency response plan.
·
The ERT was not able to immediately isolate the acid gas feed
pipeline.
·
The fire department arrived on location and assumed the
incident command of the event.
Additional Relevant Information:
·
The refinery encompasses an area measuring 2000 feet by 1400
feet. The Claus unit is located in the most northern part of the refinery,
approximately 1350 feet from the main refinery access gate to the south. The
polymerization unit is operating directly adjacent to the Claus unit.
·
BOS 3640, Interactions of Hazardous Materials 4
·
The nearest residential community is located approximately
1000 feet to the northeast of the refinery.
·
A plastic recycling plant is located along the south fence
boundary of the refinery.
·
A major interstate highway runs directly parallel to the
plant, approximately 1/4 of a mile directly north of the refinery.
·
The ambient temperature on the day of the incident was 85° F
and the wind was blowing at 7 mph from the southwest to the northeast.
·
Work crews were scheduled to work 12-hour shifts, 24-hours a
day, to complete the refinery turnaround.
·
Due to the age of the refinery, SJV has implemented a robust
mechanical integrity program.
·
The refinery has a trained ERT that can respond to incidents.
·
Fixed water monitors are present throughout the refinery to
extinguish refinery equipment fires. The refinery ERT does not fight fires past
the incipient stage.
·
The refinery has received notices of violation (NOVs) from
the local air district in the past several years due to gas and liquid leaks
from piping components, such as valves, compressor/pump seals, and for excess
sodium dioxide (SO2) emissions related with their sulfur plant.
·
Due to historical discharges of organic compounds, groundwater
monitoring wells are present down gradient of the facility. Groundwater
underlying the plant has historically been encountered at 30 feet below ground
surface.
·
Hydrogen sulfide is present in the acid gas feed to the Claus
plant. The H2S concentration of the acid gas feed is approximately 70 percent
by volume. H2S and sulfur dioxide (SO2) have the following physical properties:
Physical
Property
H2S
SO2
Specific
Gravity at 68oF (20oC)
1.54
1.4
Vapor
Density (Air=1)
1.18
2.22
Flashpoint
-116oF
(-82.4oC)
Not
Applicable
Autoignition
Point
500oF
(260oC)
Not
Applicable
Lower
Explosive Limit
4.3%
Not
Applicable
Upper
Explosive Limit
46%
Not
Applicable
IDLH
100 ppm
100 ppm
Questions:
1. Discuss the hazards posed by the interaction of the hazardous materials
present at the refinery and adjacent facilities, including the resulting by-products of the incident fire
and acid gas release.
2. As the lead refinery representative on the unified incident command
(UIC), what actions should be taken by the UIC to respond to this incident
(please consider all receptors).
3. If the polymerization unit is engulfed in the fire, how will this
affect your response?
4. All emergency responders participated in the post-incident critique.
What corrective actions should be implemented by the refinery to prevent the
reoccurrence of this incident?
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