City Colleges of Chicago Olive-Harvey College Department of Natural Sciences MICROBIOLOGY 233: General Microbiology Species Profile for McGraw-Hill Virtual Lab Last Name: First Name: Section: 2021 Spring Remote Instruction Scientific Binomial (Genus species): Is your unknown species Gram-positive or Gram-negative? In your own words, explain how the Gram stain gave you the results that you observed. Use your textbook and/or internet images to look at the similarities and differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative cell walls. If your species is Gram-negative: 1. If your species is Gram-negative, what does your species’ cell wall have in common with a Gram-positive cell wall? In other words, how are the cell walls similar? 2. If your species is Gram-negative, how does the cell wall of your Gram-negative species differ from that of a Gram-positive species? In other words, what is unique about a Gramnegative cell wall? If your species is Gram-positive: 1. If your species is Gram-positive, what does your species’ cell wall have in common with a Gram-negative cell wall? In other words, how are the cell walls similar? 2. If your species is Gram-positive, how does the cell wall of your Gram-positive species differ from that of a Gram-negative species? In other words, what is unique about a Gram-positive cell wall? - Page 1 of 7 - Species Profile for McGraw-Hill Virtual Lab During your virtual lab, there were four or five tests that helped to determine the identification of your unknown. Complete the following table based on the tests required for your unknown. Name of Test What does this test tell you about your species’ ability to perform aerobic respiration? What does this test tell you about your species’ ability to perform anaerobic respiration? What does this test tell you about your species’ ability to perform fermentation? If nothing, please If nothing, please If nothing, please leave the space blank. leave the space blank. leave the space blank. Gram Stain Is your species part of normal human flora? To research this question, use at least one of the references listed on Brightspace. Make sure to choose reliable sources and paste the URLs of your references below. Reference 1: Is your species part of normal human flora? YES NO YES NO YES NO If YES, describe location(s) = Reference 2: Is your species part of normal human flora? If YES, describe location(s) = Reference 3: Is your species part of normal human flora? If YES, describe location(s) = - Page 2 of 7 - Species Profile for McGraw-Hill Virtual Lab Is your species considered a true pathogen? To research this question, use at least one of the references listed on Brightspace. Make sure to choose reliable sources and paste the URLs of your references below. Reference 1: Is your species a true pathogen? YES NO YES NO YES NO Reference 2: Is your species a true pathogen? Reference 3: Is your species a true pathogen? Is your species considered an opportunistic pathogen? To research this question, use at least one of the references listed on Brightspace. Make sure to choose reliable sources and paste the URLs of your references below. Reference 1: Is your species an opportunistic pathogen? YES NO YES NO YES NO Reference 2: Is your species an opportunistic pathogen? Reference 3: Is your species an opportunistic pathogen? Is your species a common cause of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), also known as a nosocomial pathogen? To research this question, use at least one of the references listed on Brightspace. Make sure to choose reliable sources and paste the URLs of your references below. Reference 1: Is your species a nosocomial pathogen? - Page 3 of 7 - YES NO Species Profile for McGraw-Hill Virtual Lab Reference 2: Is your species a nosocomial pathogen? YES NO YES NO Reference 3: Is your species a nosocomial pathogen? To answer the following questions, you should use these references: GIDEON search, Bad Bug Book (FDA), CDC, Merck Manual, Medscape, and/or WHO. You can access all of these sites from the “Unknown Project > References” folder on Brightspace. You can focus on the genus of your organism if it is difficult to get species-specific information. If you are planning to work in a healthcare field, you should be familiar with all of these references and how to use them. You should be able to find most of this information from the references above. If not, you can try different references (paste URLs). If you are having difficulty locating the information, you can leave the question blank. You can always ask me for assistance as well. The Chain of Infection Type of Infectious Agent: Reservoir(s): Portal(s) of Exit: Mode(s) of Transmission: Portal(s) of Entry: Host Susceptibility: Epidemiology In the United States, who is most likely to become infected with your pathogen? U.S. Morbidity Rate: U.S. Mortality Rate: Time and Place of Last Recorded Outbreak (search CDC MMWR): - Page 4 of 7 - Species Profile for McGraw-Hill Virtual Lab Outside of the United States, who is most likely to become infected with your pathogen? Disease Infectious Dose (ID): Typical Incubation Period or Onset: Name/Type of Disease(s): Signs and Symptoms: To answer the following questions, use PubMed by the US National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health (http://pubmed.gov) and do a search for “Genus species antibiotic resistance” where “Genus species'' is the scientific binomial of your unknown organism. PubMed is an online database that is commonly used by healthcare professionals and by life science researchers. For your search, how many total search results does PubMed generate? __________ For your search, how many free full-text articles are available in PubMed Central? __________ Choose one abstract of an article that was published in the last five years. In your own words, without a lot of technical language, explain what you understand from reading the abstract. Pretend as though you are trying to explain what you know to someone who is not familiar with the topic. If you are interested in including any kind of research as part of your career, please consider contacting me to make an appointment. I can help you look for suitable internship programs. To answer the following questions, use GIDEON search, Bad Bug Book, Physician’s Desk Reference Online, Medscape, and/or your textbook as references. What are three drugs that are effective against your species? - Page 5 of 7 - Species Profile for McGraw-Hill Virtual Lab Choose three different types of drugs. Note the following common drug types: beta lactam, fluoroquinolone, aminoglycoside, etc. See your textbook for descriptions of drug mechanisms. You can also use Physician’s Desk Reference Online to read more about drug mechanisms. Drug Name: Type of Drug: Mechanism of Action: Describe in your own words. Drug Name: Type of Drug: Mechanism of Action: Describe in your own words. Drug Name: Type of Drug: Mechanism of Action: Describe in your own words. Colonization vs. Infection vs. Infectious Disease If your species was isolated from a stool specimen, would this be an indication of colonization, infection, and/or infectious disease? colonization infection infectious disease Justify your answer above. - Page 6 of 7 - Species Profile for McGraw-Hill Virtual Lab If your species was isolated from a urine specimen, would this be an indication of colonization, infection, and/or infectious disease? colonization infection infectious disease Justify your answer above. If your species was isolated from a blood specimen, would this be an indication of colonization, infection, and/or infectious disease? colonization infection infectious disease Justify your answer above. If your species was isolated from a sputum specimen, would this be an indication of colonization, infection, and/or infectious disease? colonization infection infectious disease Justify your answer above. If your species was isolated from a cerebrospinal fluid specimen, would this be an indication of colonization, infection, and/or infectious disease? colonization infection infectious disease Justify your answer above. - Page 7 of 7 - P CASE REPORT: The severe storm had damaged the sewage treatment plant, which was now flooded and leaking raw sewage into the nearby creek. This creek emptied into a large lake that serves as the water supply for a metropolitan area and surrounding counties. Local agencies tasked with monitoring water quality noted greatly increase numbers of bacteria. Individuals that drank water from the contaminated reservoir developed nausea and vomiting, along with diarrhea, which could appear blood (dysentery). Samples were taken from affected patients and sent for unknown organism identification of the cause of these gastrointestinal illnesses. The laboratory team isolated the organism into pure culture and it was provided to you on a nutrient agar plate and in a liquid broth culture tube for further investigation. Case Introduction Questions Based on the information in the case, what organism(s) could or should be suspected to cause this scenario? Select all that apply. Escherichia coli Salmonella typhimurium Shigella sonnei Now that a pure culture has been isolated for you, what would be a good starting procedure to begin classifying your unknown organism? Gram staining Collected Lab Data E METHODS RESET MY NOTES INTRODUCTION LABORATORY SIMULATION Test Result 不 Gram staining Gram (-) bacilli Oxidase test Lactose fermentation HọS production test Citrate test No color was noted on swab, concluded as oxidase (-) Colorless colonies were noted on MacConkey agar, unknown bacteria was concluded as lactose fermentation (-) No black color was noted in tube, unknown bacterium was concluded to be (-) for H2S production Green color was noted in tube, unknown bacterium was concluded to be (-) for citrate production Shigella sonnei Unknown bacterium identification ETH RESET TERIAL DEN FICATION - SAMPLE #3 LABORATORY SIMULATION Dichotomous Key Gram Negative Bacilli Oxidase test Glucose. Fermentation Lactose Fermentation Tests Methyl Red H2S production Nitrate Reduction Citrate Indole- - Motility Urease - | _ 4 Shigella sommet Bacteria Vibrio cholerae Pseudomonas aeruginosa ? Alcaligenes Citrobacter Klebsiella salmonella faecalis Freunati 7. Pneumoniae typhimurium Escherichia Enterobacter Proteus Serratia aerogenes vulgaris marcescens METHODS O RESET My NOTES
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