Background. This week you will be learning about the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) enabling you to access, at no cost, an assortment of research articles. The front page and search engine are at https://doaj.org/. Most of DOAJ’s articles are suitable for research and dissertations. Goal. Your goal is to create an argumentative essay involving at least two publications from DOAJ. Visit DOAJ and begin your search using a keyword search; afterward, expand your research using related keywords. Your argument should present, describe, and support a best practice enabling entrepreneurs to bootstrap a market plan or better understand and implement advertising/promotion. You should select at least two DOAJ publications you find interesting; however, they should be no older than six years old. Moreover, you may wish to supplement your research using a journal article from LIRN and OALib.

Write a 4-5 page response where you select an ethical approach to address an ethical issue in the workplace.IntroductionThe word ethics usually evokes a strong emotional reaction or opinion from most business students, particularly as it has moved to center stage in business curriculum. Respecting all these emotions is a key focus throughout this course. Having a keen eye and observing your own reactions alongside the reactions of others in a nonjudgmental manner will serve you best as you pursue the objectives of this course.In this course, you will begin to define the stakeholders, issues, and current perceptions surrounding business ethics and engage in the analysis of ethical dilemmas and your own beliefs to understand the challenges organizations must address as they approach ethics. You will also learn to identify issues and put them in a context or framework to facilitate management decision-making.Central to the approach for studying business ethics is realizing that it is a gray area. As conditions, environments, people, and organizations change, their behaviors and the regulations that attempt to build fair standards in the world of business also change. No single approach is considered best for all situations, but studying the approaches and learning how to apply them to different ethical problems ultimately makes you a valuable voice at the table when participating in the solution.You are strongly encouraged to question the material offered in this course and your own experiences and understandings. It is through questioning ourselves and our beliefs that we learn the multitude of gray areas that make up business ethics. As you uncover these hard-to-define zones, your perceptions and skills for analyzing the best solutions to ethical dilemmas increase.OverviewIn this assessment, you will direct your attention to personal ethical choices in the workplace. Motives are a key consideration in ethical decision-making. As you explore the various models and rationales used to make decisions on ethical dilemmas, think about the one that most suits you, your personality, and your own moral standards. In particular, refer to the four ethical approaches:Utilitarian.Deontological.Virtue.Communitarian.Then identify an ethical issue that has impacted you and apply one of the ethical approaches to remedy the issue. This is an important exercise because the most crucial thing you can learn from this course is how to identify, analyze, and successfully resolve ethical dilemmas.InstructionsThink of an ethical issue you have been a part of, either personally or professionally, such as nepotism, a data breach, inappropriate social media posts, or harassment/discrimination. Next, pick one ethical approach (Utilitarian, Deontological, Virtue, or Communitarian) and explain how you will use this approach to remedy the issue. Do not forget to describe the ethical issue.Follow the steps below to complete your assessment. For all of these steps, make sure you provide examples and information from credible sources that will support your writing:Step 1: Compare and contrast the four ethical approaches.Step 2: Analyze the reasoning process behind an ethical decision.Step 3: Analyze ethical decision-making principles and actions.Step 4: Analyze cultural and environmental influences on ethical decision-making.Step 5: Evaluate a personal decision based on ethical decision-making principles.Additional RequirementsYour submission should meet the following requirements:Written communication: Write in complete sentences free from errors that detract from the overall message. Communicate in an exemplary and professional manner through clear, concise, well-organized, and grammatically correct writing.Font: Arial, 12-point.Page length: 4-5 pages.Citations: Include complete citations of your sources. Review Evidence and APA for more information on how to cite your sources. You can also use the Writing Center and Smarthinking as resources to help you with the writing process.Review the assessment scoring guide for details on how your assessment will be graded.Competencies MeasuredBy successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment scoring guide criteria:Competency 1: Evaluate the parameters for ethical decision-making in 21st-century multi-cultural business environments.Compare and contrast the four ethical approaches.Analyze the reasoning process behind an ethical decision.Analyze ethical decision-making principles and actions.Analyze cultural and environmental influences on ethical decision-making.Competency 4: Convey purpose, in an appropriate tone and style, incorporating supporting evidence and adhering to organizational, professional, and scholarly writing standards.Write in a well-organized and concise manner that adheres to the rules of grammar, usage, and mechanics.SCORING GUIDEUse the scoring guide to understand how your assessment will be evaluated.VIEW SCORING GUIDEASSESSMENT 2Prepare a 4-5 response paper that analyzes an ethical dilemma and makes recommendations to address that ethical dilemma.IntroductionOnce you have looked at the broadest dimensions of corporate and personal ethics, it is helpful to understand the theories behind the issues and to try different approaches in analyzing them. Challenge yourself to both assess your own reasoning within those prevailing theories and to understand differences in preferred modes of operating within the context of ethics and business. Your learning will be most rewarding if you take the time to reflect by assessing your previous ethical decisions and determining whether you would have acted differently given a second opportunity.It is also useful to examine specific stakeholder issues in the external environment where board members, regulators, and consumers participate in the business process every day. To what extent should they shape or influence ethical behavior in business?OverviewEthical dilemmas within companies can have various forms Some well-known examples would be:Gender inequality (paying a man more than a woman for the same work).Embezzling.Privacy breaches.Inappropriate use of social media.For this assessment, you should consider a suitable company-wide ethical dilemma and discuss why you believe it is a problem and how you would remedy the dilemma. This exercise provides the opportunity for reflecting on ethical issues in the workplace and helps you to better understand their impact and how fixing the issue can benefit everyone.InstructionsYou will first need to identify a current or potential ethical dilemma in a company. This could be a company where you are now employed, a former employer, a friend's company, or another company that had an ethical dilemma that you may have read about in the news. The issue should also be something that needs to be addressed with an organizational policy inside the company, such as harassment, discrimination, embezzlement, or fraud. In other words, you believe that a policy change would be better than other courses of action (such as disciplinary action toward an individual employee, or external action by the government or a nonprofit) to remedy the issue. You do not have to create a policy at this time; you just need to explain why implementing a policy would be the right choice to address the situation or issue.For example, a company may choose to videotape the office and read employee emails, so what's the big deal? The conflict in this example could be that employees feel these practices are a violation of privacy and they feel entitled to a certain level of privacy. However, company owners and stakeholders defend these practices on the premise that they are ensuring employees are remaining productive and getting their work done.Follow these steps to complete your assessment. For all of these steps, make sure you provide examples and information from credible sources to support your writing and claims:Step 1: Analyze an ethical dilemma that needs to be addressed.Describe the current ethical dilemma and how it affects various stakeholders.Explain how the ethical dilemma warrants a company to take the time to address it. Explain the implications of not addressing the ethical issue.Step 2: Analyze the different methods for resolving the ethical dilemma.Describe the different ethical methods that are available to be used.Explain how these methods can be applied to resolve the ethical dilemma.Explain the ramifications and consequences of not addressing the ethical dilemma.Step 3: Recommend an appropriate method to address the ethical dilemma.Explain how the organization can fix and address the dilemma.Explain why you think your recommendations are appropriate and the right approach to addressing the specific dilemma.Step 4: Describe how a specific ethical dilemma corresponds with larger issues on a regional, national, or global level.Discuss how this specific dilemma could impact policies and regulations on a larger scale.Incorporate the ramifications and consequences (discussed in Step 2) with your description of how the ethical dilemma could impact all levels.Additional RequirementsYour submission should meet the following requirements:Written communication: Write in complete sentences free from errors that detract from the overall message. Communicate in an exemplary and professional manner through clear, concise, well-organized, and grammatically correct writing.Font: Arial, 12-point.Page length: 4-5 pages.Citations: Include complete citations of your sources. Review Evidence and APA for more information on how to cite your sources. You can also use the Writing Center and Smarthinking as resources to help you with the writing process.Review the assessment scoring guide for details on how your assessment will be graded.Competencies MeasuredBy successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:Competency 1: Evaluate the parameters for ethical decision-making in 21st-century multi-cultural business environments.Analyze an ethical dilemma that needs to be addressed.Describe how a specific ethical dilemma corresponds with larger issues on a regional, national, or global level.Competency 3: Evaluate organizational policy within the framework of ethical standards.Analyze the different methods for resolving the ethical dilemma.Recommend an appropriate method to address the ethical dilemma.Competency 4: Convey purpose, in an appropriate tone and style, incorporating supporting evidence and adhering to organizational, professional, and scholarly writing standards.Write in a well-organized and concise manner that adheres to the rules of grammar, usage, and mechanics.SCORING GUIDEUse the scoring guide to understand how your assessment will be evaluated.VIEW SCORING GUIDEIntroduction FOR ASSESSMENT 3In the global economy, we see law and ethics wrestling with similar issues; laws from different jurisdictions and ethical codes from different cultures may clash or not connect. How can these parallel systems be reconciled? Considering the legalities of ethics and how the two are intertwined reveals insights into how ethical cultures are fostered.Learning strategies are also key elements in the fostering of ethical cultures. And lastly, the types of communication used and ethical codes are important features in how ethical corporate cultures are nourished and sustained.OverviewCreating an ethical culture within an organization or company is key; it is one thing to know about ethics, but it is entirely different to actually create an ethical culture. So how do you create an ethical culture?Multiple strategies and actions can be used, all of which are valid and important. But as the rule of effective presentations states, you have to tell people what you are going to tell them, then tell them, then recap what you have told them. In other words, reinforcement is key to understanding. In order to successfully create an ethical culture, multiple tools and messages should be used. Completing this assessment will help you to understand how and why using multiple strategies is important for creating an ethical culture.InstructionsYou are an ethics consultant and just landed a consulting project for an organization. Your client has hired you to design a plan with recommendations to create an ethical corporate culture. For the purpose of this assessment, you can "work" with a company you are interested in or familiar with. Feel free to select the company you are currently working at, a company you admire, or a company that you think could benefit from an ethical corporate culture makeover.There are many practical applications of ethics and ways to foster an ethical culture. If you explored the suggested resources for this assessment, you have encountered several strategies.Follow these steps to complete the assessment. For all of these steps, make sure you provide examples and information from credible sources to support your writing and claims.Step 1: Analyze the components that make up an ethical corporate culture.Describe the components that constitute a company's corporate culture:What are the company's values?What are the company's ideals?What are the company's assumptions?Explain how all of these components work together to create a company's ethical corporate culture.Step 2: Design a plan for creating an ethical corporate culture.Explain how you will go about designing a plan to help your client create an ethical corporate culture.Analyze the organization's current corporate climate including its ethical culture.Describe the ethical behaviors demonstrated in this organization, such as their business practices. Also, include how people or the general public perceive the ethics of this organization based on the current corporate climate and business practices.Explain how you will know if people are adopting the new ethical corporate culture. For example, if you created an educational program, you might track the number of people who complete the program.Step 3: Recommend learning strategies to foster ethical corporate culture.Recommend 3-4 learning strategies for your selected organization that will foster ethical corporate culture, including how you will employ them to sensitize employees to ethical issues.Explain why your recommendations are appropriate and will provide the desired outcomes. Be sure to connect your rationale to the analysis of the organization's current climate and ethical culture.Select three learning strategies that can be used to help support employees and explain why these are the appropriate strategies.Additional RequirementsYour submission should meet the following requirements:Written communication: Write in complete sentences free from errors that detract from the overall message. Communicate in an exemplary and professional manner through clear, concise, well-organized, and grammatically correct writing.Font: Arial, 12-point.Page length: 4-5 pages.Citations: Include complete citations of your sources. Review Evidence and APA for more information on how to cite your sources. You can also use the Writing Center and Smarthinking as resources to help you with the writing process.Review the assessment scoring guide for details on how your assessment will be graded.Competencies MeasuredBy successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:Competency 1: Evaluate the parameters for ethical decision-making in 21st-century multi-cultural business environments.Analyze the components that make up an ethical corporate culture.Design a plan for creating an ethical corporate culture.Recommend learning strategies to foster ethical corporate culture.Competency 4: Convey purpose, in an appropriate tone and style, incorporating supporting evidence and adhering to organizational, professional, and scholarly writing standards.Write in a well-organized and concise manner that adheres to the rules of grammar, usage, and mechanics.SCORING GUIDE Use the scoring guide to understand how your assessment will be evaluated.VIEW SCORING GUIDEIntroduction FOR ASSESSMENT4Consider how leaders contribute to the ethical profile of an organization and how organizational structures can either support or create vulnerabilities for operating in an ethically sound manner. Where do you see gaps that may be mitigating against an atmosphere that encourages self-regulating ethical behavior? Once you find these gaps, your challenge is to examine strategies that can both remedy and even create model practices for maintaining an ethical base of operating.Employees are a special group of stakeholders that deserve our attention. As at-will employment and outsourcing become more common, many employees who trusted their employers and expected a lifetime relationship have been shocked by the lack of relationship between themselves and their employer. At the same time, employers say that they have never paid more for benefits or been more accountable for their behavior toward employees. These are just some of the difficult issues within the changing twenty-first-century workplace-all of which speak to our personal and professional ethical boundaries.OverviewCorporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is defined in several ways. From an ethical perspective, CSR may be used to “cultivate a broad view of their own self-interest while searching for ways to align that self-interest with the larger public good.” There are many ethical dilemmas today that impact companies, such as:Harassment.Discrimination.Nepotism.Unequal pay.In this assessment, we will look at CSR, what it involves, and how to create a corporate policy for a selected ethical dilemma. For example, if the chosen ethical dilemma is discrimination in the workplace, your paper should discuss how a policy could be created, communicated, and implemented to reduce or eliminate instances of discrimination as well as the consequences if discrimination were to occur after the policy was implemented. This exercise will help you to understand how CSR can be a force for good, not just in the company, but in the larger arena of the public good, and how you can have a positive impact via the policy you create.Reference:Mayer, D., & O'toole, J. (2010). Good business: exercising effective and ethical leadership. Routledge.InstructionsFor this assessment, consider how a company's social responsibility can affect the workplace, stakeholders, clients, and other outside parties. In your paper, address these questions:How can a company's social responsibility policy complement its obligation to maximize profits for shareholders?How does the ethical issue itself affect employees, stakeholders, clients, and other outside parties, considering the specific company issue? What are the positive and negative outcomes?What ethical decision-making approaches would you incorporate into your policy? How would your policy solve the ethical issue?Follow these steps to complete the assessment. For all of these steps, make sure you provide examples and information from credible sources to support your writing and claims.Step 1: Analyze how corporate social responsibility policies can both complement and conflict with profit-maximizing goals.Explain how robust corporate social responsibility policies can enhance a company's reputation and public perception.Examine how having responsible corporate social responsibility policies support a company's sales and marketing efforts, and ultimately, the bottom line.Step 2: Assess how an organization-wide ethical dilemma impacts the organization internally and other outside parties.Describe, in detail, the organization-wide ethical issue.Describe these impacts and how they affect each category:Employees.Stakeholders.Clients.Other outside parties.Explain how these different categories are interrelated and why an organization needs to address the ethical dilemma through corporate policy.Discuss the ramifications or outcomes that might occur if the ethical dilemma is addressed or not addressed.Step 3: Explain how a selected ethical approach is suitable to address the organization-wide issue.Describe, in detail, the selected ethical approach that you would incorporate into your policy.Connect the approach to the ethical issue and describe how the approach is suitable to address the issue with multiple stakeholders. Provide examples and possibly data from other organizations with similar ethical issues.Step 4: Create a corporate policy that can help resolve an ethical issue.Identify the essential parts of a corporate policy, then explain how these parts address the impacts from these perspectives:Employees.Stakeholders.Clients.Other outside parties.Create an actual corporate policy that addresses the ethical issue.Additional RequirementsYour submission should meet the following requirements:Written communication: Write in complete sentences free from errors that detract from the overall message. Communicate in an exemplary and professional manner through clear, concise, well-organized, and grammatically correct writing.Font: Arial, 12-point.Page length: 4-5 pages.Citations: Include complete citations of your sources. Review Evidence and APA for more information on how to cite your sources. You can also use the Writing Center and Smarthinking as resources to help you with the writing process.Review the assessment scoring guide for details on how your assessment will be graded.Competencies MeasuredBy successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:Competency 1: Evaluate the parameters for ethical decision-making in 21st-century multi-cultural business environments.Explain how a selected ethical approach is suitable to address the organization-wide issue.Competency 2: Assess the impact of corporate social responsibility policy.Analyze how corporate social responsibility policies can both complement and conflict with profit-maximizing goals.Assess how an organization-wide ethical issue impacts the organization internally and other outside parties.Create a corporate policy that can help resolve an ethical issue.Competency 4: Convey purpose, in an appropriate tone and style, incorporating supporting evidence and adhering to organizational, professional, and scholarly writing standards.Write in a well-organized and concise manner that adheres to the rules of grammar, usage, and mechanics.SCORING GUIDEUse the scoring guide to understand how your assessment will be evaluated.VIEW SCORING GUIDEPrintPrintCompany Ethical Issue Identification Scoring Guide ASSESSMENT2CRITERIANON-PERFORMANCEBASICPROFICIENTDISTINGUISHEDAnalyze an ethical dilemma that needs to be addressed.Does not describe an ethical dilemma that needs to be addressed.Describes an ethical dilemma that needs to be addressed.Analyzes an ethical dilemma that needs to be addressed.Analyzes an ethical dilemma that needs to be addressed; includes effects on stakeholders, impact to the organization, and the implications of not addressing the ethical issue. Supports analysis with information and examples from credible sources.Analyze the different methods for resolving the ethical dilemma.Does not describe the different methods for resolving the ethical dilemma.Describes the different methods for resolving the ethical dilemma.Analyzes the different methods for resolving the ethical dilemma.Evaluates the different methods for resolving the ethical dilemma; includes the ramifications and consequences of not addressing the ethical dilemma. Supports analysis with information and examples from credible sources.Recommend an appropriate method to address the ethical dilemma.Does not evaluate methods to address the ethical dilemma.Evaluates methods to address the ethical dilemma.Recommends an appropriate method to address the ethical dilemma.Recommends an appropriate method to address the ethical dilemma; includes details on how recommendations can help the organization fix and address the dilemma and explanation as to why recommendations are appropriate. Supports recommendations with information and examples from credible sources.Describe how a specific ethical dilemma corresponds with larger issues on a regional, national, or global level.Does not summarize how a specific ethical dilemma corresponds with larger issues on a regional, national, or global level.Summarizes how a specific ethical dilemma corresponds with larger issues on a regional, national, or global level.Describes how a specific ethical dilemma corresponds with larger issues on a regional, national, or global level.Analyzes how a specific ethical dilemma corresponds with larger issues on a regional, national, or global level; incorporates the ramifications and consequences of not addressing the ethical dilemma. Supports analysis with information and examples from credible sources.Write in a well-organized and concise manner that adheres to the rules of grammar, usage, and mechanics.Does not write in a well-organized and concise manner.Writes in a way that is unclear, wordy, or disconnected, with errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics.Writes in a well-organized and concise manner that adheres to the rules of grammar, usage, and mechanics.Organizes content so clarity is enhanced and all ideas flow logically and smoothly. Writes concisely and directly, with no grammar or spelling errors, and applies the APA formatting correctly.PrintCreating an Ethical Culture Scoring Guide ASSESSMENT 3CRITERIANON-PERFORMANCEBASICPROFICIENTDISTINGUISHEDAnalyze the components that make up an ethical corporate culture.Does not summarize the components that make up an ethical corporate culture.Summarizes the components that make up an ethical corporate culture.Analyzes the components that make up an ethical corporate culture.Analyzes the components that make up an ethical corporate culture; includes examples and details from credible sources to support analysis and explanation of how these components work together to form an ethical corporate culture.Design a plan for creating an ethical corporate culture.Does not outline a plan for creating an ethical corporate culture.Outlines a plan for creating an ethical corporate culture.Designs a plan for creating an ethical corporate culture.Designs a plan for creating an ethical corporate culture; includes an analysis of the current ethical culture, behaviors, business practices, perceptions, and metrics to track adoption.Recommend learning strategies to foster ethical corporate culture.Does not explain strategies to foster ethical corporate culture.Explains learning strategies to foster ethical corporate culture.Recommends learning strategies to foster ethical corporate culture.Recommends learning strategies to foster ethical corporate culture; includes rationale on appropriateness of recommendations and selected learning strategies.Write in a well-organized and concise manner that adheres to the rules of grammar, usage, and mechanics.Does not write in a well-organized and concise manner.Writes in a way that is unclear, wordy, or disconnected, with errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics.Writes in a well-organized and concise manner that adheres to the rules of grammar, usage, and mechanics.Organizes content so clarity is enhanced and all ideas flow logically and smoothly. Writes concisely and directly, with no grammar or spelling errors, and applies the APA formatting correctly.PrintImpact of Corporate Social Responsibility Policy Scoring Guide ASSESSMENT4CRITERIANON-PERFORMANCEBASICPROFICIENTDISTINGUISHEDAnalyze how corporate social responsibility policies can both complement and conflict with profit-maximizing goals.Does not describe how corporate social responsibility policies can both complement and conflict with profit-maximizing goals.Describes how corporate social responsibility policies can both complement and conflict with profit-maximizing goals.Analyzes how corporate social responsibility policies can both complement and conflict with profit-maximizing goals.Analyzes how corporate social responsibility policies can both complement and conflict with profit-maximizing goals; includes examples and research from credible sources to support analysis.Assess how an organization-wide ethical issue impacts the organization internally and other outside parties.Does not describe how an organization-wide ethical issue impacts the organization internally and other outside parties.Describes how an organization-wide ethical issue impacts the organization internally and other outside parties.Assesses how an organization-wide ethical issue impacts the organization internally and other outside parties.Assesses how an organization-wide ethical issue impacts the organization internally and other outside parties, and specifies the ramifications and outcomes that might occur; includes examples and research from credible sources to support assessment.Explain how a selected ethical approach is suitable to address the organization-wide issue.Does not engage the topic of how an ethical approach might lead to the resolution of an organization-wide dilemma.Selects an ethical approach to an organization-wide dilemma, but does not explain why it will lead to a suitable resolution.Explains how a selected ethical approach is suitable to address the organization-wide issue.Analyzes how a selected ethical approach is suitable to address the organization-wide issue with multiple stakeholders; includes examples and research from credible sources to support analysis.Create a corporate policy that can help resolve an ethical issue.Does not create a corporate policy that can help resolve an ethical issue.Creates a corporate policy; however, policy does not align to or resolve the ethical issues.Creates a corporate policy that can help resolve an ethical issue.Creates a corporate policy that can help resolve an ethical issue; includes explanation of the parts and addresses issues of all impacted stakeholders. The corporate policy is thorough and comprehensive.Write in a well-organized and concise manner that adheres to the rules of grammar, usage, and mechanics.Does not write in a well-organized and concise manner.Writes in a way that is unclear, wordy, or disconnected, with errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics.Writes in a well-organized and concise manner that adheres to the rules of grammar, usage, and mechanics.Organizes content so clarity is enhanced and all ideas flow logically and smoothly. Writes concisely and directly, with no grammar or spelling errors, and applies the APA formatting correctly.Personal Ethical Views Essay Scoring Guide ASSESSMENT 1ASSESSMENT1N-PERFORMANCEBASICPROFICIENTDISTINGUISHEDCompare and contrast the four ethical approaches.Does not describe the four ethical approaches.Describes the four ethical approaches.Compares and contrasts the four ethical approaches.Compares and contrasts the four ethical approaches; provides supporting information and examples from reliable sources.Analyze the reasoning process behind an ethical decision.Does not examine the reasoning process behind an ethical decision.Examines the reasoning process behind an ethical decision.Analyzes the reasoning process behind an ethical decision.Analyzes the reasoning process behind an ethical decision; provides supporting information and examples from reliable sources.Analyze ethical decision-making principles and actions.Does not examine ethical decision-making principles and actions.Explains ethical decision-making principles and actions.Analyzes ethical decision-making principles and actions.Evaluates ethical decision-making principles and actions; provides supporting information and examples from reliable sources.Analyze cultural and environmental influences on ethical decision-making.Does not explain cultural and environmental influences on ethical decision-making.Explains cultural and environmental influences on ethical decision-making.Analyzes cultural and environmental influences on ethical decision-making.Analyzes cultural and environmental influences on ethical decision-making; provides supporting information and examples from reliable sources.Write in a well-organized and concise manner that adheres to the rules of grammar, usage, and mechanics.Does not write in a well-organized and concise manner.Writes in a way that is unclear, wordy, or disconnected, with errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics.Writes in a well-organized and concise manner that adheres to the rules of grammar, usage, and mechanics.Organizes content so clarity is enhanced and all ideas flow logically and smoothly. Writes concisely and directly, with no grammar or spelling errors, and applies the APA formatting correctly