Marry: Alex and Ani should be concerned with lowering prices to accommodate foreign markets because it can lead to a short return in the end. The idea of expansion is to grow the business in the most strategic and profitable way. The company may charge and be concerned with lower prices in a foreign country to meet demands of competition (Carbaugh, 172). In comparison to where Alex and Ani is selling comfortably now the market is saturated with brands such as Pandora, Kay, or even recycled shops on Etsy. The opportunity for Alex and Ani selling is a new market, diverse customer base, and gain of competitive advantage to those who have yet ventured into the foreign market. Sporadic dumping is done when a firm disposes of excess inventory in foreign markets by selling abroad at lower prices (Carbaugh,171). Whereas persistent dumping of product happens without a specific end date/time. The pricing strategies when using both needs to consider whether an elastic or less elastic demand in the market will be met. Sporadic dumping tends to be unplanned and can lead to increased tariffs and unforeseen shifts in the demand for the products/supplies. Persistent dumping is more of a convenience for the manufacturers to maximize profits where there is an immediate return. If a thoughtful pricing strategy were used in both situations a business could understand the demand and cost of expansion into foreign industries. As well as a clear understand of marginal cost and demand meeting at a profit maximizing output in the new market (Carbaugh, 173) Robert J. Carbaugh. International economics, 13th Edition. South- Western Cengage Learning, 2010. 38. (n.d.). U.S. Antidumping and Countervailing Duties. International Trade Administration | Trade.gov. https://www.trade.gov/us-antidumping-andcountervailing-duties. Carbaugh, R. J. (n.d.). International Economics (Seventeenth). Chapter 4&5 Sophia: Alex and Ani should be concerned about lowering prices to accommodate markets in foreign markets because of anti-dumping duty which is used by the government to protect producers by imposing a tariff on the foreign goods if they believe that foreign producers export their product at a lower price than they charge for the same product in its own country. In this case, Alex and Anil sell their jewelry in the emerging markets at a lower price than it charges in its own country US. They can be charged against dumping and the government can impose anti-dumping duty on their product which increases their price. Sporadic dumping occurs when there is a temporary surplus of a specific product. Businesses will dump surplus goods in foreign markets without having to reduce prices in their domestic market, which refers to a market within a country’s border. It is done occasionally. Persistent dumping is the permanent type of dumping in which a company sells at a high price in its own country but at a lower price in other countries. Exporting companies benefit from this when demand in a foreign market is more elastic than the demand in the company’s home market. The anti-dumping duty increases the price of imported goods which benefits the domestic suppliers but due to this the domestic producers who can import the raw material at the lower price, now have to pay more which increases the cost of production. Therefore, increasing the price of the product makes the product less competitive, due to anti-dumping less competitive suppliers benefits while the competitive producers and consumers bear the loss which reduces the profit of the company which leads to less investment and less employment, therefore, fail in growth. So, the pricing strategy should be considered which reduces the negative effect of anti-dumping . 
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