Task Description
Your task in this assessment is to conduct quantitative data analysis and discuss your
analysis findings from a marketing researcher's perspective. You will be provided two
datasets in Week 9, and for each dataset, you will:
•
•
•
Examine the demographic profiles.
Test the associations between required variables.
Discuss the marketing implications of the analysis findings.
This assessment should be submitted in a single Word document, has a maximum word
limit of 1600, and requires a minimum of 10 references. The Moodle submission of this
assessment will be due at 5pm AEST Friday Week 12.
Assessment Criteria
•
•
•
•
•
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Dataset 1: analysis - 7.5 marks
Dataset 1: marketing implications of the analysis findings - 10 marks
Dataset 2: analysis - 7.5 marks
Dataset 2: marketing implications of the analysis findings - 10 marks
Assessment presentation and referencing - 5 marks
Total - 40 marks
Dataset 1.xlsx
16 May 2021, 10:38 PM
Dataset 2.xlsx
16 May 2021, 10:38 PM
Notes and Tasks on Dataset 1 and Dataset 2.docx
16 May 2021, 10:38 PM
Notes on Dataset 1:
a. Please treat Dataset 1 as the hypothetical dataset collected from a hypothetical study, where participants were randomly assigned to one of
three conditions, depending on the eco-friendliness level (low vs. medium vs. high) of a product they were about to use. Specifically, they were
told about the eco-friendliness level of the product (e.g., a gym equipment), and used the product to engage in a relevant consumption activity
(e.g., used the gym equipment to exercise in a training session). Participants were then asked to evaluate the enjoyment level of the activity that
involved using the product, as well as answer questions on their age, gender, and language background.
b. The variable "product eco-friendliness level" is based on:
0 = low (none of the product parts is made of eco-friendly materials);
1 = medium (a few of the product parts are made of eco-friendly materials);
2 = high (most of the product parts are made of eco-friendly materials).
c. The variable "enjoyment" stands for the enjoyment level of the activity that involves using the product, which is based on a 10-point scale
anchored by:
1 = not enjoyable at all;
10 = extremely enjoyable.
d. The variable "age" stands for age in years.
e. The variable "gender" is based on:
0 = female;
1 = male.
f. The variable "language" is based on:
1 = native English speaker;
2 = native Chinese speaker;
3 = native Spanish speaker;
4 = native speaker of other language.
Tasks on Dataset 1:
a. Please examine the participants' demographic profiles based on the following variables: age, gender, and language.
b. Please test the association between product eco-friendliness level and enjoyment, and the association between product eco-friendliness level
and age.
c. Please discuss the marketing implications of the analysis findings, in terms of both their theoretical implications and managerial implications.
As for the theoretical implications, please discuss how the analysis findings are linked to the existing literature published in academic journals.
As for the managerial implications, please apply the analysis findings to a real-world organisation. That is, please provide specific
recommendations to the organisation based on the analysis findings, in order to improve the organisation's marketing practice.
Notes on Dataset 2:
a. Please treat Dataset 2 as the hypothetical dataset collected from a hypothetical study, where participants were randomly assigned to one of
three conditions, depending on the temperature (cold vs. medium vs. warm) of a food product they were about to taste. Specifically, they were
told about the temperature of the food product, and were then required to evaluate the amount of calories in the food product. Participants were
also asked to answer questions on their age, gender, and income.
b. The variable "food product temperature" is based on:
0 = cold (the food product is served cold);
1 = medium (the food product is served at the room temperature);
2 = warm (the food product is served warm).
c. The variable "calorie evaluation" stands for participants’ evaluation of the amount of calories in the food product, which is based on a 9-point
scale anchored by:
1 = extremely low;
9 = extremely high.
d. The variable "age" stands for age in years.
e. The variable "gender" is based on:
0 = female;
1 = male.
f. The variable "income" stands for participants’ total pre-tax personal income for the previous year, which is based on:
1 = $49,999 and below;
2 = $50,000 to $99,999;
3 = $100,000 to $149,999;
4 = $150,000 and above.
Tasks on Dataset 2:
a. Please examine the participants' demographic profiles based on the following variables: age, gender, and income.
b. Please test the association between food product temperature and calorie evaluation, and the association between food product temperature
and income.
c. Please discuss the marketing implications of the analysis findings, in terms of both their theoretical implications and managerial implications.
As for the theoretical implications, please discuss how the analysis findings are linked to the existing literature published in academic journals.
As for the managerial implications, please apply the analysis findings to a real-world organisation. That is, please provide specific
recommendations to the organisation based on the analysis findings, in order to improve the organisation's marketing practice.
food product temperature calorie evaluation
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age
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gender
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income
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product eco-friendliness level enjoyment age
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gender
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language
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2
Dear Students,
Please see below for those frequently asked questions on this assessment, and my
answers to them.
Question 1: What is the required structure for this individual written assessment? Do I
need to include an abstract, executive summary, table of contents, introduction, or
conclusion?
Answer: Please see below for the required structure for this individual written
assessment:
Title page
1. Dataset 1: analysis
1.1. Demographic profiles
1.2. Association tests
2. Dataset 1: marketing implications of the analysis findings
2.1. Theoretical implications
2.2. Managerial implications
3. Dataset 2: analysis
3.1. Demographic profiles
3.2. Association tests
4. Dataset 2: marketing implications of the analysis findings
4.1. Theoretical implications
4.2. Managerial implications
Reference list
Hence, for this individual written assessment, there is no need to include an abstract,
executive summary, table of contents, introduction, or conclusion.
Question 2: What software should I use to analyse the datasets?
Answer: Please use Jamovi, which is available
from https://www.jamovi.org/download.html
Question 3: What should I report when examining the participants' demographic profiles
based on the required variables?
Answer: Please report the mean and standard deviation for those required variables
which are based on interval or ratio scales, and report the frequency table for those
required variables which are based on nominal or ordinal scales.
Question 4: What should I report when testing the associations between the required
variables?
Answer: For each association test in this assessment, please report both Pearson and
Spearman correlation coefficients as well as their corresponding p values.
Question 5: Can my references include resources other than journal articles?
Answer: Yes. Please feel free to use journal articles, books, industry reports, online
resources, or any other types of relevant references. However, please note that as for
the theoretical implications under subsections 2.1 and 4.1, you need to discuss how
the analysis findings are linked to the existing literature published in academic
journals.
Question 6: Should I condense my writing if my total word count (excluding the
reference list) is 1620 words?
Answer: Yes, please condense it, as your total word count (excluding the reference
list) should not exceed 1600 words.
Microbiology questions
Name of Student
Institutional Affiliation
Date
MICROBIOLOGY QUESTIONS
2
Question 1
Microscopy, antigen detection, serology, and culture have all been used in traditional or
conventional microbiological testing. Microscopy of direct clinical specimens has been used
from the beginning of microbiology and has played a critical role in the quick diagnosis of
bacterial and fungal illnesses.
Nucleic Acid-Based Approaches
Nucleic acid corrosive tests are those that identify a microorganism's DNA or RNA. An
assortment of financially accessible nucleic corrosive based tests has been formed and carried
out into routine use in numerous labs around the world (Vazquez-Pertejo, 2020). Several
research institutions also have 'in-house' examinations. locally developed tests have potential to
be less expensive, and they may be able to test specialists for whom there are no economically
viable alternatives. Notwithstanding, the level of normalization and approval will be focus
subordinate.
Nucleic corrosive based measures oftentimes utilize the standards (or adjustments thereof
of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in which unequivocal DNA foundations are used close
by DNA polymerase and substrate in warming cooling cycles to improve the goal DNA.
Location of the PCR item might be through various modalities (Mothershed, & Whitney, 2016).
Continuously PCR, the PCR response is checked during the responses to such an extent that the
end result can be identified and furthermore the measure of DNA in the first example can be
evaluated. RNA targets can likewise be intensified along these lines yet ordinarily require the
utilization of opposite transcriptase to change over the RNA into correlative DNA.
The traditional microbiology
MICROBIOLOGY QUESTIONS
3
Generally, normal microbiology testing has ordinarily included microscopy, antigen
recognizable proof, serology and culture. The use of minuscule evaluation of direct clinical
models follows right back to the happening to microbiology and has had a huge part in quick
acknowledgment of bacterial, parasitic and protozoal-based diseases. While much of the time it
might address a 'best quality level' for analysis, for example, with intestinal sickness or stool
parasites, as a rule, microscopy just offers a possible finding that requires further affirmation
with other testing modalities. On account of infections, electron microscopy is required yet this is
infrequently reasonable for clinical purposes (Franki, 2015). Antigen revelation systems
commonly use monoclonal antibodies facilitated against express antigens, and modalities join
ELISA and marked safe microscopy.
While these tests are normally very explicit and inspiration shows an analysis, their
affectability is regularly low and an adverse outcome is oftentimes clinically pointless. Serology
testing depends on the location of a host humoral reaction to disease. Maybe above all, time is
required for have seroconversion to the contaminating specialist to such an extent that they are
infrequently useful in intense sickness determination and regularly just supportive everything
considered.
The chief methods for customary testing is culture. On account of microscopic organisms
and parasites, clinical examples are immunized on a scope of media and brooded. Utilization of
particular and differential media may permit improved recognizable proof and recommend a
hypothetical determination. Biochemical testing is frequently used to differentiate species, and
antimicrobial susceptibilities are determined by plating or stock weakening.
As a rule, when societies are positive they address a 'highest quality level' determination.
Be that as it may, infrequently, phenotypic testing by itself is an intriguing prospect that depicts
MICROBIOLOGY QUESTIONS
4
various categorizations of animal groups level. A more prominent issue emerges with refined
because of its helpless affectability. For instance, blood sources may simply be positive in 10%
to 15% of examples of outrageous pneumonia, and this is even lower inside seeing past
antimicrobial treatment (WHO, 2019). Moreover, depending on hatching implies that days are
normally needed for results for microscopic organisms and yeast, and often weeks or months for
parasites and mycobacteria. In extreme sickness, even hourly postponements in therapy may
have critical antagonistic consequences for result. Antimicrobial powerlessness is for the most
part profoundly prescient of clinical viability, albeit inducible compounds can be deluding and
disappointment can happen in spite of introductory in vitro weakness. Culture of infections and
protozoa is full of trouble and once in a while helpful in the clinical microbiology research
facility.
Mass Spectrometry Technology
The latest and significant progression in the clinical microbiology research center has
been propels in mass spectrometry innovation and its application to biomolecules. Thermal
vaporization is used in traditional mass spectrometry to transform and separate molecules into
gas phase ions for analysis (Patel, 2013). This method, however, is not suited for big
macromolecules due to degradation. In clinical microbiology laboratories, bacterial or contagious
provinces are exposed to MALDI-TOF investigation, and the subsequent range is contrasted with
spectra from reference information bases. The MALDI-TOF method requires very little sample
preparation, is highly quick to analyze, and offers a genus or species level identification result
within minutes of sample application (Laupland & Valiquette, 2013).
Question 2
MICROBIOLOGY QUESTIONS
5
In compared to culture, molecular techniques have features that should allow for
improved sensitivity and specificity. However, in the diagnosis of PJI, statistical measurements
of molecular approaches' performance are not always higher than with culture. In studies where
molecular methods have a higher sensitivity than culture, the specificity is lower, or the
sensitivity is lower and the specificity is higher (Kobayashi et al., 2018). However, in certain
analyses, molecular diagnostics had higher sensitivity and specificity than culture-based
diagnostics (Achermann et al., 2010).
In molecular and culture approaches on the same periprosthetic tissue specimens in a
prospective study. bacterial or contagious provinces are exposed to MALDI-TOF investigation,
and the subsequent range is contrasted with spectra from reference information bases. The best
comparison between culture and molecular approaches was achieved using this criterion (Rak et
al., 2013). Additionally, because diagnostic molecular approaches have a substantially shorter
turnaround time, they are appealing for pathogen identification in diseases with rapid
development, such as NSTI, where accurate early antibiotic treatment is critical (Rudkjøbing et
al., 2016). In a few of hours, several innovative next-generation sequencing technologies can
generate sequence analysis on complex material. Furthermore, if the current antibiotic therapy is
adequately covering the findings, swift accurate diagnostics can help to avoid unnecessary
antibiotic modifications. The utilization of sub-atomic methodologies may expand the threat of
distinguishing colonizers or contaminations positively, however this might be a satisfactory
compromise to have the option to recognize microorganisms in all examples, including those
where typical culture tests didn't bring about organism development. Because the causal agent(s)
are not always able to cultivate, diagnosing a prosthetic joint infection with a culture approach
MICROBIOLOGY QUESTIONS
6
might be difficult. Many studies have looked into molecular techniques, although their use in
regular diagnostics is still debatable.
Question 3
The most effective components to be considered include: the illness or condition to be
analyzed regardless of whether a solitary test or an indicative calculation is required, whether the
test ought to, or can, give a subjective or quantitative outcome, clinical utility, the site of testing,
for example in a huge research facility or a little medical services place, and the end-client for
the research. Other significant contemplations are the clinical utilization of the test (for example
regardless of whether a screening or corroborative test is required) and the additional worth of
the test or blend of tests (Kosack, Page & Klaster, 2017). Additionally, other questions that
provides a guide towards identifying the best assays include i) Does the assay enable resource recapture, resulting in cost savings or reinvestment of freed up resources? and ii) Does the result
provide clinically useful information? (Murphy, 2018). This provision facilitates the
development of effective assays for use in microbiological testing.
Question 4
I believe that that the most prevalent test in future will mainly revolve around molecular
examinations whereby due to their ability to identify pathogens in all samples as compared to
culture diagnostics which had lower sensitivity towards pathogens in some tests. Additionally,
the time sparing characteristic of molecular diagnostics is a desirable feature in clinical
diagnostics of diseases which exhibit rapid development. An example is with the Corona
Pandemic which requires mass testing for identification of pathogens across a wide population. It
is noteworthy that culture based methods usually require 24-48 hours as the turnaround time for
MICROBIOLOGY QUESTIONS
7
the results report to be completed whereas the molecular tools provide a faster output (Oliver et
al., 2014). Thus, the accuracy and efficiency of the measurement criterion qualifies the method
of pathogen identification in microbiology as the one that will be applied in most diagnostics.
Analytic atomic science is the quickest developing subject in the present research facility
medication, with the possibility to change clinical medication drastically in the following decade
(Bullman et al., 2012).
Additionally, clinical microbiology has changed dramatically in recent decades. Clinical
virology has been transformed by the introduction of nucleic acid-based assays; virus culture and
serology have virtually become obsolete (Laupland & Valiquette, 2013). Although some nucleic
acid-based tests have superseded some classic bacteriology tests, the vast majority of them still
provide useful information when combined with traditional culture-based tests. MALDI-TOF
technology and applications, as well as multiplex nucleic acid-based diagnostics and arrays, are
fast emerging and will definitely have a significant impact on our capacity to provide fast and
effective antimicrobial therapy to our patients (Laupland & Valiquette, 2013). This notion
compliments the existence of higher tolerance towards microbiology testing.
MICROBIOLOGY QUESTIONS
8
References
Achermann Y Vogt M Leunig M Wust J Trampuz A (2010) Improved diagnosis of periprosthetic
joint infection by multiplex PCR of sonication fluid from removed implants. J Clin
Microbiol48: 1208–1214.Bullman, S., Lucey, B., & Sleator, R. D. (2012). Molecular
diagnostics. Bioengineered, 3(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.4161/bbug.3.1.19011
Frankl, A., Mari, M., & Reggiori, F. (2015). Electron microscopy for ultrastructural analysis and
protein localization in saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbial Cell, 2(11), 412-428.
https://doi.org/10.15698/mic2015.11.237
Kobayashi N Procop GW Krebs V Kobayashi H Bauer TW (2008) Molecular identification of
bacteria from aseptically loose implants. Clin Orthop Relat Res466: 1716–1725
MICROBIOLOGY QUESTIONS
Kosack, C. S., Page, A., & Klatser, P. R. (2017). A guide to aid the selection of diagnostic tests.
Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 95(9), 639-645.
https://doi.org/10.2471/blt.16.187468
Laupland, K. B., & Valiquette, L. (2013). The changing culture of the microbiology laboratory.
Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, 24(3), 125-128.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/101630
Mothershed, E. A., & Whitney, A. M. (2016). Nucleic acid-based methods for the detection of
bacterial pathogens: Present and future considerations for the clinical laboratory. Clinica
Chimica Acta, 363(1-2), 206-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cccn.2005.05.050
Murphy, P. G. (2001). Selection of a Suitable Assay.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2556576/
Oliver, D. M., van Niekerk, M., Kay, D., Heathwaite, A. L., Porter, J., Fleming, L. E.,
Kinzelman, J. L., Connolly, E., Cummins, A., McPhail, C., Rahman, A., Thairs, T., De
Roda Husman, A. M., Hanley, N. D., Dunhill, I., Globevnik, L., Harwood, V. J.,
Hodgson, C. J., Lees, D. N., … Quilliam, R. S. (2014). Opportunities and limitations of
molecular methods for quantifying microbial compliance parameters in EU bathing
waters. Environment International, 64, 124-128.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2013.12.016
Patel, R. (2013). Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry in
clinical microbiology. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23595835/
9
MICROBIOLOGY QUESTIONS
10
Rak, M., Barlič-Maganja, D., Kavčič, M., Trebše, R., & Cőr, A. (2013). Comparison of
molecular and culture method in diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection. FEMS
Microbiology Letters, 343(1), 42-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6968.12125
Rudkjøbing, V. B., Thomsen, T. R., Xu, Y., Melton-Kreft, R., Ahmed, A., Eickhardt, S.,
Bjarnsholt, T., Poulsen, S. S., Nielsen, P. H., Earl, J. P., Ehrlich, G. D., & Moser, C.
(2016). Comparing culture and molecular methods for the identification of
microorganisms involved in necrotizing soft tissue infections. BMC Infectious Diseases,
16(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-016-1976-2
Vazquez-Pertejo, M. T. (2020). Nucleic Acid–Based Identification Methods for Infectious
Disease. https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/laboratorydiagnosis-of-infectious-disease/nucleic-acid%E2%80%93based-identification-methodsfor-infectious-disease
Dear Students,
Please see below for those frequently asked questions on this assessment, and my
answers to them.
Question 1: What is the required structure for this individual written assessment? Do I
need to include an abstract, executive summary, table of contents, introduction, or
conclusion?
Answer: Please see below for the required structure for this individual written
assessment:
Title page
1. Dataset 1: analysis
1.1. Demographic profiles
1.2. Association tests
2. Dataset 1: marketing implications of the analysis findings
2.1. Theoretical implications
2.2. Managerial implications
3. Dataset 2: analysis
3.1. Demographic profiles
3.2. Association tests
4. Dataset 2: marketing implications of the analysis findings
4.1. Theoretical implications
4.2. Managerial implications
Reference list
Hence, for this individual written assessment, there is no need to include an abstract,
executive summary, table of contents, introduction, or conclusion.
Question 2: What software should I use to analyse the datasets?
Answer: Please use Jamovi, which is available
from https://www.jamovi.org/download.html
Question 3: What should I report when examining the participants' demographic profiles
based on the required variables?
Answer: Please report the mean and standard deviation for those required variables
which are based on interval or ratio scales, and report the frequency table for those
required variables which are based on nominal or ordinal scales.
Question 4: What should I report when testing the associations between the required
variables?
Answer: For each association test in this assessment, please report both Pearson and
Spearman correlation coefficients as well as their corresponding p values.
Question 5: Can my references include resources other than journal articles?
Answer: Yes. Please feel free to use journal articles, books, industry reports, online
resources, or any other types of relevant references. However, please note that as for
the theoretical implications under subsections 2.1 and 4.1, you need to discuss how
the analysis findings are linked to the existing literature published in academic
journals.
Question 6: Should I condense my writing if my total word count (excluding the
reference list) is 1620 words?
Answer: Yes, please condense it, as your total word count (excluding the reference
list) should not exceed 1600 words.
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