LU Chronic Gastritis secondary to Helicobacter Pylori Infection Paper

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Health Medical

Liberty University

Description

Using the suggested outline below, write a detailed research paper on an inflammatory pathology (not a cancer) of the human organ assigned to you by your instructor at the beginning of the course. You should employ at least five peer-reviewed scientific sources/literature/textbooks including review articles in your research on the topic (organ) and be sure to use the AMA format. There is a 5-page length limit on this paper but it should be detailed, comprehensive, well-organized and should have the appropriate language for scientific communication.

Organ Pathology Outline (Inflammatory):

• Introduction

• Epidemiology

• Etiology

• Types/ Classification

• Signs/ Symptoms

• Pathologic Features/Genetic Basis of Disease

• Laboratory Features

• Differential Diagnosis

• Management/ Treatment

• Complications

• Prognosis 

• Current/ Future Research (Including Clinical Trials)

You should include a title page.

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Explanation & Answer

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1

Inflammatory Pathology of the Stomach:
Chronic Gastritis secondary to Helicobacter pylori Infection

[insert your name and additional info here]

2

I.

Introduction
Encompassing a broad variety of stomach disorders, the term chronic gastritis
histologically refers to inflammatory gastric diseases that are accompanied by
inflammatory infiltrates.1 This inflammatory cell infiltration is dominated by plasma cells
with scant neutrophils and lymphocytes. Classification of chronic gastritis depends on the
degree of involvement of the layers of the gastric wall. Chronic gastritis is further
categorized in relation to its pathophysiology, Type A and Type B.2 Helicobacter gastritis
is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the stomach as a result of infection with H.
pylori. Although more commonly present as an infecton with H. pylori, Helicobacter
gastritis may also be caused by H. heilmannii. Helicobacter gastritis is characterized by
lymphocyte and plasma cell accumulation within the lamina propria, the supportive loose
connective tissue surrounding epithelial structures in the mucosa.

II.

Epidemiology
According to regional prevalence estimates, approximately 4.4 billion individuals
have H. pylori in 2015. Africa has the highest prevalence of H. pylori infection (79.1%),
followed by Latin America and the Caribbean (63.4%), and Asia (54.7%). Comparing
highly industrialized Western countries with developing and newly industrialized
countries, a decline in H. pylori infection in the former is seen. This is observed in the
prevalence of H. pylori infection in Northern America (37.1%) and Oceania (24.4%); both
with the lowest prevalence.3 Regarding sex predilection, there is currently none known.

Figure 1. Global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori choropleth map. https://marlinprod.literatumonline.com/cms/attachment/ac322b69-c5e3-4598-8650a55308a68ccf/gr2.jpg

3

III.

Etiology
Helicobacter pylori, which is present in the gastric mucus, attaches to gastric
mucous cells. In an antral-predominant early-stage H. pylori gastritis, there is only minimal
corpus involvement. This stage is characterized by increased gastrin secretion and
decreased somatostatin release. The combination of an increase in gastrin secretion and
lack of inhibition through somatostatin results in an uninhibited release of hydrochloric
acid which can result in duodenal ulcers.4 The resulting continued inflammation leads to
loss of gastrin producing G cells and hydrochloric acid producing parietal cells. Proximal
migration of H. pylori into corpus gastritis is the result of cellular loss leading to atrophy
with i...

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