QUESTION 1 1. Match the appropriate term to the landform. What is feature 1? A. Meander B. Natural levee C. Valley wall What is feature 2? D. Floodplain E. Yazoo Stream Note for #3: This feature builds up along the sides of the river. What is feature 3? What is feature 4? What is feature 5? What is feature 6? What is feature 7? F. Oxbow lake G. Cut bank H. Point bar I. Neck What is feature 8? Note for #9: This feature is the name of the whole bend in the river. What is feature 9? QUESTION 2 1. What percentage of parent isotope remains after three half-lives of radioactive decay have elapsed? 5% 25% 12.50% 50% QUESTION 3 1. A sandstone overlies a granite with an unconformity in-between them. Which type of unconformity is described? Nonconformity Angular unconformity Disconformity Misconformity QUESTION 4 1. A sandstone overlies a siltstone with an unconformity in-between them. Which type of unconformity is described? Nonconformity Disconformity Angular unconformity QUESTION 5 1. Which principle of relative dating is described: A rock fragment that has been included into another rock must be older than the host rock ? Original Horizontality Superposition Inclusions Cross-cutting relationships QUESTION 6 1. "Which principle of relative dating states that in an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary layers, the bottom layer is the oldest and the top layer is the youngest?" Unconformities Inclusions Superposition Original Horizontality QUESTION 7 1. Analysis of Uranium -235 / Lead 207 in a rock determines that 1 ½ half-lives have elapsed. What is the age of the rock? About 1.07 billion years About 3 billion years About 500 million years About 357 million years QUESTION 8 1. How would you calculate the total relief for a map? Subtract the lowest elevation from the highest elevation. Add the highest elevation to the lowest elevation. Subtract the midrange elevation from the lowest elevation Average the two highest elevations. QUESTION 9 1. Use the Davis Mesa Quadrangle for questions 9-13. What is the total relief for the Davis Mesa Quadrangle? (Hint: Look in the southwest corner for the highest contour and along the river for the lowest index contour) 2220 ft 4940 ft 2240 ft 7120 ft s QUESTION 10 1. "For the next two questions, what are the geographic coordinates in latitude and longitude of the lower right-hand corner of the map? Latitude?" 108° 52 30 38° 15 00 108° 45 00 38° 22 30 QUESTION 11 1. Longitude? 108° 52 30 38° 15 00 108° 45 00 38° 22 30 QUESTION 12 1. Which PLSS section contains the highest number of mine tunnels/cave entrances? "Sec. 20, T.47 N, R.18 W" "Sec. 06, T.47 N, R.17 W" "Sec. 09, T.46 N, R.18 W" "Sec. 20, T.47 N, R.17 W" QUESTION 13 1. Determine the PLSS legal land description for the 'Stone Spring' near the western edge of map 1. Use the Castle Rock Quadrangle Map for questions 14-18. "SE¼, Sec. 08, T.46 N, R.17 W" "SW¼, Sec. 24, T.47 N, R.18 W" "NE¼, Sec. 28, T.47 N, R.18 W" "NW¼, Sec. 33, T.48 N, R.17 W" QUESTION 14 "What feature(s) is/are at the following two geographically referenced points: NE¼, NE ¼, NE ¼, Sec. 5, T.15 S, R.26 W" Radio Tower Sandpit Oil Well Lake QUESTION 15 1. "NW ¼, NW ¼, SW ¼, Sec. 17, T.14 S, R. 26 W" Radio Tower Sandpit Oil Well Lake QUESTION 16 1. What is the name of the topographic map directly to the southwest of this map? Gove NE Gibson Creek Gove SE Pendennis QUESTION 17 1. What year was this map published? 1928 1964 1974 1960 1.s QUESTION 18 1. In what state is this map located? Kansas Texas Oklahoma Nebraska 1s QUESTION 19 1. What does PLSS stand for? Private Land Survey System Public Land Survey System Public LiDAR Survey System Private Litigation Survey Designation QUESTION 20 1. "Closely spaced topographic map contours mean that the ground is level (i.e., relatively flat)." True False QUESTION 21 1. Topographic lines that cross streams create a V that points upstream. True False QUESTION 22 1. The point beneath the Earth s surface where the earthquake originates is classified as what? Focus Epicenter Nucleation Point Ground Zero QUESTION 23 1. What is the point on the Earth s surface above where the earthquake occurred? Focus Nucleation Point Epicenter Ground Zero 1 QUESTION 24 1. What is the type of wave that is the first to appear once an earthquake occurs? P-wave S-wave L-wave D-wave QUESTION 25 1. How many seismic stations are needed at minimum to locate the epicenter of an earthquake? 1 2 5 3 QUESTION 26 1. What is the relationship between the maximum Swave amplitude of an earthquake and the distance to the epicenter? "Larger the amplitude, closer to the epicenter" "Smaller the amplitude, closer to the epicenter" "Larger the amplitude, farther away from the epicenter" QUESTION 27 1. What is needed to determine the Richter magnitude of an earthquake? Distance of seismograph from epicenter and maximum S-wave amplitude Distance of seismograph and amount of damage caused Amount of damage caused and depth to the epicenter Depth to the epicenter and amount of casualties QUESTION 28 1. What can data from a seismograph tell us about an earthquake? The distance from the epicenter and magnitude of an earthquake Where the focus of the earthquake is located How long ago the earthquake occurred How much structural damage will occur because of the earthquake 1 QUESTION 29 1. An earthquake is defined as the sudden release of stored energy by fault movement. True False QUESTION 30 1. The diagram below is for questions 30-36. 30. What rock type is the oldest sedimentary unit? Granite Sandstone Coal Limestone QUESTION 31 1. What rock type is the youngest sedimentary unit? Sandstone Coal Conglomerate Shale 1. QUESTION 32 1. What type of fault is indicated by the black line indicated by letter E? Normal fault Reverse fault Strike-slip Left-diagonal QUESTION 33 1. Extra Credit! What is the term for the fault block represented by point G? (Hint: horst and ________________________) This is seen in Nevada on a massive scale. Anticline Graben Point bar Footwall QUESTION 34 1. What type of fault is indicated by the black line indicated by letter A? Note that this fault is vertical. Normal fault Reverse fault Strike-slip / transform Left-diagonal QUESTION 35 1. Has the limestone layer beneath letter G been upthrown or down-dropped? Up-thrown Down-dropped Both Neither QUESTION 36 1. What type of stream is present in the diagram? Meandering Braided Straight Dendritic 1.923 poin QUESTION 37 1. Use the following diagram for questions 37 and 38. 37. "Extra Credit! Which list of letters, representing layers of the Earth, places the rock layers in the block diagram in order from oldest to youngest?" "A, C, B, E, D" "A, B, C, D, E" "D, E, B, C, A" "E, D, C, B, A" 1it) QUESTION 38 1. What type of fold is shown in the block diagram? Anticline Syncline Plunging syncline Basin 1s QUESTION 39 1. Extra Credit! What do strike and dip symbols represent (be sure that your answer applies to ALL situations that use the symbols)? Rock layers are missing A T-shaped feature on the land surface A fold is present The orientation and angle of inclination of the rock layers 1) QUESTION 40 1. Use the following diagram for questions 40-42. 40. "Extra Credit! In the block diagram, which of these rock layers is the oldest?" A B C D 1 t) QUESTION 41 1. What type of fold is shown in the block diagram? Anticline Syncline Plunging anticline Dome 1.s QUESTION 42 1. Extra Credit! What is wrong with the placement of the strike and dip symbols on the block diagram? "The strike and dip symbols belong on the upper surface (that is, the geologic map surface)." The ticks representing the dip are facing the wrong way. Nothing 1) QUESTION 43 1. ___________ is associated with straight streams while ________________ is associated with meandering streams. Note: The answers below are written in order of how they should fill in the blanks for this question. "Lateral erosion, downcutting" "A narrow floodplain, a wide floodplain" "A gentle gradient, a steep gradient" "Slow speed, fast speed" 1 QUESTION 44 1. "What type of drainage pattern is depicted in the picture below? Image Credit: ®CNES / Astrium, Digital Globe and Google Earth." Radial Dendritic Trellis Rectangular s QUESTION 45 1. What is the dominant drainage type in the photograph below? Image Credit: ®TerraMetrics and Google Earth. Dendritic Straight Radial Braided s QUESTION 46 1. Along what type of plate boundary do most volcanoes form? Divergent Convergent Transform Hot spot 1s QUESTION 47 1. "If you are looking at a hotspot (an example being Hawai'i), does the magma body move beneath the plate or does the plate move on top of the magma body?" The tectonic plate moves on top of the magma body The magma body moves underneath the tectonic plate s QUESTION 48 1. "Subduction zones occur at ________________________ plate boundaries. At this type of plate boundary, the plates are moving ________________________ and a(n) ____________________ (seafloor feature) forms." "divergent, away, mid-ocean ridge" "transform, away, ocean vents" "convergent, away, trench" "convergent, toward, trench" QUESTION 49 1. "Spreading centers occur at ________________________ plate boundaries. At this type of plate boundary, the plates are moving ________________________ and a(n) ____________________ (seafloor feature) forms." "divergent, away, mid-ocean ridge" "transform, away, ocean vents" "divergent, away, trench" "convergent, toward, trench" s QUESTION 50 1. Extra Credit! What type of river is Big Creek (this is the stream that runs through Hays)? Meandering Braided Straight Wavy ) QUESTION 51 1. "circular, straight" "U-shaped, circular" "straight, U-shaped" Extra Credit! Regular anticlines and synclines have ___________ lines between layers on a geologic map while plunging anticlines and synclines have ______________ lines between layers. ) QUESTION 52 1. Extra Credit! What type of plate boundary is the San Andreas Fault? Convergent Divergent Transform Ask "The Rock" it) Topographic Map Symbols What is a Topographic Map? A map is a representation of the Earth, or part of it. The distinctive characteristic of a topographic map is that the shape of the Earth’s surface is shown by contour lines. Contours are imaginary lines that join points of equal elevation on the surface of the land above or below a reference surface, such as mean sea level. Contours make it possible to measure the height of mountains, depths of the ocean bottom, and steepness of slopes. A topographic map shows more than contours. The map includes symbols that represent such features as streets, buildings, streams, and vegetation. These symbols are constantly refined to better relate to the features they represent, improve the appearance or readability of the map, or reduce production cost. Consequently, within the same series, maps may have slightly different symbols for the same feature. Examples of symbols that have changed include built-up areas, roads, intermittent drainage, and some lettering styles. On one type of large-scale topographic map, called provisional, some symbols and lettering are handdrawn. Reading Topographic Maps Interpreting the colored lines, areas, and other symbols is the first step in using topographic maps. Features are shown as points, lines, or areas, depending on their size and extent. For example, individual houses may be shown as small black squares. For larger buildings, the actual shapes are mapped. In densely built-up areas, most individual buildings are omitted and an area tint is shown. On some maps, post offices, churches, city halls, and other landmark buildings are shown within the tinted area. The first features usually noticed on a topographic map are the area features, such as vegetation (green), water (blue), and densely built-up areas (gray or red). Many features are shown by lines that may be straight, curved, solid, dashed, dotted, or in any combination. The colors of the lines usually indicate similar classes of information: topographic contours (brown); lakes, streams, irrigation ditches, and other hydrographic features (blue); land grids and important roads (red); and other roads and trails, railroads, boundaries, and other cultural features (black). At one time, purple was used as a revision color to show all feature changes. Currently, purple is not used in our revision program, but purple features are still present on many existing maps. Various point symbols are used to depict features such as buildings, campgrounds, springs, water tanks, mines, survey control points, and wells. Names of places and features are shown in a color corresponding to the type of feature. Many features are identified by labels, such as “Substation” or “Golf Course.” Topographic contours are shown in brown by lines of different widths. Each contour is a line of equal elevation; therefore, contours never cross. They show the general shape of the terrain. To help the user determine elevations, index contours are wider. Elevation values are printed in several places along these lines. The narrower intermediate and supplementary contours found between the index contours help to show more details of the land surface shape. Contours that are very close together represent steep slopes. Widely spaced contours or an absence of contours means that the ground slope is relatively level. The elevation difference between adjacent contour lines, called the contour interval, is selected to best show the general shape of the terrain. A map of a relatively flat area may have a contour interval of 10 feet or less. Maps in mountainous areas may have contour intervals of 100 feet or more. The contour interval is printed in the margin of each U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) map. Bathymetric contours are shown in blue or black, depending on their location. They show the shape and slope of the ocean bottom surface. The bathymetric contour interval may vary on each map and is explained in the map margin. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey COASTAL FEATURES BATHYMETRIC FEATURES Area exposed at mean low tide; sounding datum line*** Foreshore flat Channel*** Coral or rock reef Sunken rock*** Rock, bare or awash; dangerous to navigation BOUNDARIES National Group of rocks, bare or awash State or territorial Exposed wreck County or equivalent Depth curve; sounding Civil township or equivalent Incorporated city or equivalent Breakwater, pier, jetty, or wharf Federally administered park, reservation, or monument (external) Seawall Federally administered park, reservation, or monument (internal) Oil or gas well; platform 18 23 CONTOURS State forest, park, reservation, or monument and large county park Topographic Index Forest Service administrative area* 6000 Approximate or indefinite Forest Service ranger district* Intermediate National Forest System land status, Forest Service lands* National Forest System land status, non-Forest Service lands* Approximate or indefinite Supplementary Small park (county or city) Depression BUILDINGS AND RELATED FEATURES Building Cut School; house of worship Fill Athletic field Continental divide Built-up area Bathymetric Forest headquarters* Index*** Ranger district office* Intermediate*** Guard station or work center* Index primary*** Racetrack or raceway Primary*** Airport, paved landing strip, runway, taxiway, or apron Supplementary*** CONTROL DATA AND MONUMENTS Principal point** U.S. mineral or location monument Unpaved landing strip Well (other than water), windmill or wind generator Mile 69 River mileage marker Tanks Boundary monument Covered reservoir Third-order or better elevation, with tablet Third-order or better elevation, recoverable mark, no tablet With number and elevation Gaging station Located or landmark object (feature as labeled) Boat ramp or boat access* BM 9134 5628 67 4567 Horizontal control Roadside park or rest area Third-order or better, permanent mark Picnic area With third-order or better elevation Campground With checked spot elevation Winter recreation area* Coincident with found section corner Cemetery USMM 438 Cem Unmonumented** Neace BM 52 1012 Cactus PROJECTION AND GRIDS CONTROL DATA AND MONUMENTS – continued Vertical control Third-order or better elevation, with tablet BM 5280 Third-order or better elevation, recoverable mark, no tablet Bench mark coincident with found section corner 528 5280 7523 GLACIERS AND PERMANENT SNOWFIELDS Contours and limits Formlines Glacial advance LAND SURVEYS Datum shift tick State plane coordinate systems Primary zone tick 640 000 FEET Secondary zone tick 247 500 METERS Tertiary zone tick 260 000 FEET Quaternary zone tick 98 500 METERS Quintary zone tick 320 000 FEET UTM grid (full grid) Public land survey system UTM grid ticks* RAILROADS AND RELATED FEATURES R1E T2N R3W T4S Standard gauge railroad, single track Standard gauge railroad, multiple track Narrow gauge railroad, single track Narrow gauge railroad, multiple track Railroad siding Railroad in highway Railroad in road Railroad in light duty road* 1 - 36 1 - 36 Found section corner Railroad underpass; overpass Railroad bridge; drawbridge Found closing corner Witness corner Railroad tunnel WC Railroad yard Meander corner Weak corner* Other land surveys Range or Township line Section line Land grant, mining claim, donation land claim, or tract Land grant, homestead, mineral, or other special survey monument Fence or field lines MARINE SHORELINES Shoreline Apparent (edge of vegetation)*** Indefinite or unsurveyed MINES AND CAVES Quarry or open pit mine MC Railroad turntable; roundhouse RIVERS, LAKES, AND CANALS Perennial stream Perennial river Intermittent stream Intermittent river Disappearing stream Falls, small Falls, large Rapids, small Rapids, large Gravel, sand, clay, or borrow pit Mine tunnel or cave entrance Masonry dam Mine shaft Prospect Tailings Dam with lock Mine dump Former disposal site or mine 55’ Graticule tick Universal transverse metcator grid Glacial retreat Range or Township line Location approximate Location doubtful Protracted Protracted (AK 1:63,360-scale) Range or Township labels Section line Location approximate Location doubtful Protracted Protracted (AK 1:63,360-scale) Section numbers 39˚15’ 90˚37’30” Graticule intersection BM Spot elevation Neatline Dam carrying road 273 269 RIVERS, LAKES, AND CANALS – continued SUBMERGED AREAS AND BOGS Perennial lake/pond Marsh or swamp Intermittent lake/pond Submerged marsh or swamp Dry lake/pond Wooded marsh or swamp Narrow wash Submerged wooded marsh or swamp Wide wash Canal, flume, or aqueduct with lock Elevated aqueduct, flume, or conduit Land subject to inundation Aqueduct tunnel Water well, geyser, fumarole, or mud pot Spring or seep SURFACE FEATURES ROADS AND RELATED FEATURES Please note: Roads on Provisional-edition maps are not classified as primary, secondary, or light duty. These roads are all classified as improved roads and are symbolized the same as light duty roads. Primary highway Secondary highway Light duty road Light duty road, paved* Light duty road, gravel* Light duty road, dirt* Light duty road, unspecified* Unimproved road Unimproved road* 4WD road 4WD road* Trail Highway or road with median strip Levee Sand or mud Disturbed surface Gravel beach or glacial moraine Tailings pond TRANSMISSION LINES AND PIPELINES Power transmission line; pole; tower Telephone line Aboveground pipeline Underground pipeline Highway or road under construction VEGETATION Highway or road underpass; overpass Woodland Highway or road bridge; drawbridge Shrubland Highway or road tunnel Road block, berm, or barrier* Gate on road* Orchard Trailhead* Vineyard T H * USGS-USDA Forest Service Single-Edition Quadrangle maps only. In August 1993, the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Forest Service signed an Interagency Agreement to begin a single-edition joint mapping program. This agreement established the coordination for producing and maintaining single-edition primary series topographic maps for quadrangles containing National Forest System lands. The joint mapping program eliminates duplication of effort by the agencies and results in a more frequent revision cycle for quadrangles containing National Forests. Maps are revised on the basis of jointly developed standards and contain normal features mapped by the USGS, as well as additional features required for efficient management of National Forest System lands. Singleedition maps look slightly different but meet the content, accuracy, and quality criteria of other USGS products. Printed on recycled paper Mangrove ** Provisional-Edition maps only. Provisional-edition maps were established to expedite completion of the remaining large-scale topographic quadrangles of the conterminous United States. They contain essentially the same level of information as the standard series maps. This series can be easily recognized by the title “Provisional Edition” in the lower right-hand corner. *** Topographic Bathymetric maps only. Topographic Map Information For more information about topographic maps produced by the USGS, please call: 1-888-ASK-USGS or visit us at http://ask.usgs.gov/
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