Submit a 2-page paper that addresses the following:Choose two qualitative research studies from this week's resources and analyze the relationship between qualitative analysis and evidence-based practice.Consider how the qualitative study contributes to social work practice and how this type of knowledge would fit into building evidence-based practiceResourcesBrowne, D., & Moloney, A. (2002). Contact irregular: A qualitative analysis of the impact of visiting patterns of natural parents on foster placement. Child and Family Social Work, 7, 35–45.Crandall, M., Senturia, K., Sullivan, M., & Shiu-Thornton, S. (2005). Latina survivors of domestic violence: Understanding through qualitative analysis. Hispanic Health Care International, 3(3), 179–187Jackson, L. A., Marentette, H., & McCleave, H. (2001). Teenage moms living in Nova Scotia, Canada: An exploration of influences on their decision to become a mother. International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 20(1), 117–138.Luke, N., & Banerjee, R. (2012). Maltreated children's social understanding and empathy: A preliminary exploration of foster carers' perspectives. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 21(2), 237–246.

Before starting some things you must know is, you can not use any contractions in this assignment.I have posted a sheet on the APA format that must be used. I will send you pages out of the book that is brought up below! Critical Thinking Assignment #1 10 points APA format Please review Chapter’s 4 and 9, and all assigned reading material when addressing this assignment.The assignment articles are located in module #3. Did you know… “Because children start with knowing nothing about their society, the most awesome socialization occurs during childhood. This is when the fundamental building blocks of their consequent attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors are established.” (Zastrow, Kirst-Ashman and Hessenauer, pg. 161). Did you know… “Infants are treated differently by virtue of their gender from the moment that they are born!” (Pg. 202) Did you know… There are cultural variations in, and controversies about, the way caregivers shape the sleeping and eating behaviors of infants. The management of sleeping is one of the earliest culturally influenced parenting behaviors. In some cultures, putting an infant to sleep alone in a room is considered to be neglectful. Co-sleeping, the child sleeping with the parents, is routine in most of the world’s cultures. Touch plays a very important role in infant development. Infants are not born with regular patterns of sleeping, eating and eliminating. With maturation of the central nervous system in the first 3 months, and with lots of help from parents or other caregivers, the infant’s rhythms of sleeping, eating and eliminating become much more regular. A newborn usually sleeps about 16 hours a day. (Hutchison, Elizabeth D., 2nd ed., 2017 Essentials of Human Behavior) Think about Cognition and Emotion, and the following definitions… Psychology = Mind and mental process Cognition = Conscious or preconscious thinking process. Emotion = A feeling state characterized by our appraisal of a stimulus. Schema = Defined as an internalized representation of the world or an ingrained and systematic pattern of thought, action, and problem solving. Did you know that the Social Learning Theory suggests…. Behavior is shaped by its reinforcing or punishing consequences. And that Theory of Emotion suggests… Emotion is physiologically programmed into the human brain. When our emotions are activated, they have a pervasive influence on our cognition and behavior. It is now widely accepted that cultural patterns shape the ways in which environmental input is coded in the brain. The Attachment Theory suggests… “All children seek proximity to their parents, and they develop attachment styles suited to the types of parenting they encounter” (Hutchison, Pg. 105). In Regard to the Impact of Early Nurturing on Development… “A large body of research is devoted to studying the links between early life experiences and physical and mental health risks (e.g., Lally,2011). This work demonstrates that negative early life experiences such as child abuse, family strife, poverty, and emotional neglect correlate with later health problems ranging from depression to drug abuse and heart disease. Relational elements of our early environments appear to permanently alter the development of central nervous system structures that govern our autonomic, cognitive, behavioral, and emotional responses to stress (Farmer, 2009). These findings tend to support the lifelong significance of specific relationship interactions. Research indicates that secure attachments play a critical role in shaping the systems that underlie our reactivity to stressful situations. When infants begin to form specific attachments to adults, the presence of warm and responsive caregiving begins to buffer or prevent elevations in stress hormones, even in situations that distress the infant. In contrast, insecure relationships are associated with higher *CRH levels in potentially threatening situations. Secure emotional relationships with adults appear to be at least as critical as individual differences in temperament in determining stress reactivity and regulation” (Hutchison, Pg. 106, Eagle & Wolitzky), 2009). *“Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) is the main element that drives the body's response to stress. It is also present in diseases that cause inflammation. Too much or too little corticotrophin-releasing hormone can have a range of negative effects.” http://www.yourhormones.info INTERVIEW PROJECT INFORMATON: “IMPACT OF EARLY NURTURING ON DEVELOPMENT” Personal and Cultural Values Shaping Infant Sleeping Arrangements This assignment is associated with the impact of early nurturing and development. It is designed to give you a sense of the degree of variations in infant caretaking practices and of the cultural and personal values supporting them. As professionals, we must maintain a level of respect for diversity, cultural differences and the rituals that accompany them. As you work with this assignment you are to compare and contrast rituals and standards that govern these mothers’ practice of care. HOW TO BEGIN: Familiarize yourself with the issues and with the interview questions. Read the Morelli, Rogoff, Oppenheim, and Goldsmith (1992) article to see what the developmental and socialization issues are that relate to infant sleeping arrangements, (Module 3). This information will help you understand the impact of early nurturing on development. Read through the interview questions to get a sense of what you will ask in the interview. Do not submit the interview questions in your paper. This is not a Q & A type of submission. You are to submit your paper in APA paragraph form with subtitles. Interview a mother It can be your own mother or a close relative. Explain that infant care practices differ in different cultures around the world and in the United States, and that you would like to do an interview for a project that will explore infant care practices and the reasons behind them. Because male children are addressed in this assignment, you may want to select a mother of a male. You will conduct the interview and record the responses. You will then use the data to complete this APA assignment. If the interviewee has more than one child, you should instruct the mother to focus on their practices with one child only. Assign your interviewee a name (e.g., Sara), to maintain her anonymity. You may receive extensive response information. Utilize all information and base your submission on the totality of information and ideas you receive. Drawing on your analysis of the Morelli et al. (1992) article and your own results, address the following questions in a typed APA paper. This paper should consist of no less than four FULL pages. This does not include the APA cover and reference pages. The paper should be in essay format, with an introduction, followed by a paragraph for each section, as well as a conclusion paragraph. Remember, subtitles are required in this APA assignment. Review the assignment example that I have provided below regarding how to format your submission. Do not submit the assignment questions that I provided for your interview. Do use subtitles. Assignment directions are located below this example. Assignment format example. Note the required subtitle format. Introduction For this critical thinking assignment, I interviewed Ms. Sara. Topics that were discussed stemmed from her southern cultural influences, as well as her own independent viewpoint of childrearing. Ms. Sara has two sons, one is 4 and one is 8. Ms. Sara is 40 years old and grew up in Dothan, Alabama. Ms. Sarah is my Aunt. As a southerner, Ms. Sara reported that she was taught to bathe children every night, rub them down with lotion, then splatter them with baby power. ……………………. continue………. Mayan vs U.S. Mother Although Ms. Sara had a bedtime routine that was passed down from her southern mother, she also had a routine that resembled Mayan mothers. Ms. Sara’s responses were more like a Mayan mother because she let her children sleep with her until they were about 3 years old. This sleeping arrangement worked well because the children were 4 years apart. Another example that relates to a Mayan mother is how…………………. She also relates to the Mayan mother because she _________ and ______............... Routines/Developmental Goals/Transitional Objects Ms. Sara reported that her practices and ideas regarding her son’s sleeping routine are grounded in achieving developmental goals. Ms. Sara stated that she “allowed her son to sleep with her because she wanted to ensure” …. or … Ms. Sara reported that she “did not allow her son to sleep with her because she wanted to ensure” …. (you will explain here and provide examples). Make sure you address all that is required in every section. *You need to format your APA submission with subtitles as shown above. Be aware that the questions that you are asking the mother will provide the “big picture” for you. It is your responsibility to cover topics in the paper in paragraph form. Notice that the questions were incorporated in the response and this is correct APA formatting. Do not number or alphabetize your paragraphs, and do not place the questions above the paragraphs. This is incorrect APA formatting. Critical Thinking #1 10 points Instructions Analysis Assignment A). Introduce the topic and the woman you interviewed. Paragraph format.(e.g., how old is she, describe her cultural background, etc.…). (.50) B). Were her responses more like a typical Mayan mother or more like a typical U.S. mother as described in the article? You are to provide examples in paragraph format. (.50) C). Explain your interviewee’s practices and ideas concerning infant sleeping by addressing the following in paragraph format: *What is her perspective /thoughts/beliefs regarding developmental and cultural significances of the presence or absence of bedtime routines (.25) and transitional objects (.25). Paragraph response. (.50) **Address possible fears or possible developmental goals in regard to the sleeping routine. You are to provide examples from your interviewee that support goals or fears in regard to the infants sleeping routine. Example: Fear of SIDS, fear of kidnapping, to instill security, worried about smothering child, or to nurture independence, etc.…) (.50) D). What is your own personal perspective regarding developmental and cultural significances of the presence or absence of bedtime routines (.25) and transitional objects (.25)? Paragraph response (.50) E). At what age do you personally think co-sleeping is no longer acceptable?Explain your perspective in paragraph form. (.50) F). Think about the Guatemalan mother’s belief that having an infant sleep on their own is tantamount to child neglect. Is it? Explain your response in paragraph form. (.50) Before addressing section “G”, make sure you … Review chapter 4, Gender-Role Socialization, and read Learning Objective #4 and #5 in Chapter 9 before moving forward.Read the article titled: A Very Short Summary of Psychoanalytic Feminist Theory and Practice (Marian). This article is in module #3.Explain to your selected mother that there are different perspectives in the Psychoanalytic Feminist approach. As a social worker, or case worker, part of your role will be an educator. If you do not educate the mother regarding what the Psychoanalytic Feminist Perspective entails, you will be doing the mother that you are interviewing a disservice. This means she will not be able to address the questions that you are asking in this section without a full understanding of this perspective. Do you know the definition of Psychoanalytic theory? The definitionof psychoanalytictheory is a theory formed by Sigmund Freud that the things that happen to someone in childhood can contribute to their actions and traits when they are an adult. https://www.yourdictionary.com/psychoanalytic-theory Do you know what the Psychoanalytic Feminist approach is? Psychoanalysis is concerned with analysis ofmind i.e. the psyche’s structure and its relation to the body, and use that as the basis for treating certain kinds of sickness. It is popularly known as “talking cure”. Psychoanalytic andgender feminists believe “women’s way of acting is rooted deep in women’s psyche.” Feminist theoryis the extension of feminisminto theoretical, fictional, or philosophicaldiscourse. It aims to understand the nature of gender inequality. It examines women's and men's social roles, experiences, interests, chores, and feminist politics in a variety of fields, such as anthropologyand sociology, communication, media studies, psychoanalysis, home economics, literature, education, and philosophy. Feminist theory focuses on analyzing gender inequality. Themes explored in feminism include discrimination, objectification(especially sexual objectification), stereotyping, oppression, patriarchyart historyand contemporary art, and aesthetics. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomson_Reuters FYI: I typically do not use Wikipedia as a reference because information is not always accurate. I used the information in this assignment because the concept information is accurate. I discourage you to ever use Wikipedia as a reference in your work due to rejection by a professor. Do you know: The meaning of “Capacity”: “The maximum amount that something can contain. The ability or power to do, experience, or understand something.” https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/capacity Did you know: Often the mother is perceived as fundamentally different as males begin to face social pressures to fulfill male roles. Society has held the view that boys need to wean themselves from their mothers and take on the sturdy man role that awaits them. This is an example of social construction. In doing so, think about if mothers have lost the ability to continue to foster and instill positive relational qualities in the male child while they are still at an impressionable age. Think about if there is much work left to do before societal pressures and standards scoop him up and construct him into society’s male concept! Think about if the “mom” role model is cut too short and under-valued! After discussing the topics noted above with the mother… First, make sure YOU understand the meaning of capacity. Second, think about the importance of “learning capacity” regarding males, intimacy, and relationships. Think about if the male has the capacity to learn more from the mother if society would accept, acknowledge or promote the importance of a good-healthy mother’s role as equal in society, rather than as socially subordinate to males. Just wondering…Do you know what Gender Intensification means? “Gender-Intensification Hypothesis (Hill and Lynch) Psychological and behavioral differences between males and females become more pronounced at adolescence because of intensified socialization pressures to conform to culturally prescribed gender roles”. https://www.coursehero.com/file/p50vs82o/Gender-In... G). Did you know that Feminist Nancy Chodorow has a theory in regard to differential experiences? Her theory suggests the following: “Girls and boys [are oriented] toward different developmental paths, with boys definitively separating from their mothers to identify with the father’s social power, and girls developing a more symbiotic/continuous sense of self in relation to the mother. These relational dynamics that emphasize autonomy and separation for boy’s [sic] render men emotionally stunted and less capable of intimate personal relationships, but better prepared for public life and the world of work” (Marian). G -Question: Does the mother that you interviewed agree or disagree that “these dynamics that emphasize autonomy and separation for boy’s … render men emotionally stunted and less capable of intimate personal relationships, but better prepared for public life and the world of work”? (Marian) render men emotionally stunted and less capable of intimate personal relationships, but better prepared for public life and the world of work”? (Marian) Explain response in paragraph form. (1.25) Remember… “According to the nurture perspective, people are the product of their environment” (Zastrow-Kirst-Ashman, Hessenauer, Pg.202). Also remember… “Even very little boys are often encouraged to be strong, brave, and bereft of outward emotion. A tragic result of this is that as adults, males often maintain this facade. This sometimes creates problems in adult love and sexual relationships in which men are expected to express their feelings and communicate openly” (Zastrow-Kirst-Ashman, Hessenauer, pg. 418). H). Question - Do you agree or disagree that “these dynamics that emphasize autonomy and separation for boy’s … Explain response in paragraph form. (1.25) I). You are to research 2 more cultures that are different from the cultures that were addressed in this assignment. (U.S and Mayan cultures). In paragraph form address the following: *Within your paragraph, you are to provide at least one quote from EACH researched article that explains how these two new cultures address sleeping arrangements with their children. Did they align more with the US mothers or the Mayan mothers? Remember, a quote must be in quotation marks followed by the author or the title. This researched information must be documented APA on the reference page. (3 points) J). In conclusion, which culture did you align with the most and why? Childless or not, would you be open to integrating any of the varying customs in your own parenting routine? Explain! (1 point) ______________________________________________________________________________ DO NOT INCLUDE THESE QUESTIONS IN YOUR SUBMISSION. They are for guidance purposes only. Where did your infant sleep at birth? Did anybody share the same bed or room? What were your reasons for these arrangements? Did your reasons have anything to do with your goals for your baby’s development, or with the baby’s physical well-being? (Think about Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development – page 118). Were you following more of your gut instinct, your sense of what other moms do, what you have read in books, or what your own mother said? 2. Were there any changes in these arrangements through the first year of life? What were they? When did they occur? Why did you make these changes? Did your reasons have anything to do with your goals for your baby’s development or with the baby’s physical well-being? (Think about Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development – page 118). 3.For babies who shared the same bed with other family members, what was the baby’s reaction when this changed? 4. Did you see any connection between a baby’s sleeping location and arrangements and the baby’s development when your children were infants? 5. Has your view changed in any way? 6. Did you see any connection between a baby’s sleeping location and arrangements and the baby’s health and safety when your children were infants? 7. Has your view changed in any way? 8. How do you feel about the practice of a baby sleeping in the same bed with another family member? 9. How do you feel about the practice of a baby sleeping alone in a separate room? 10. Did your baby fall asleep alone or in someone’s company? Whose? Did this change over the first year of life? When and how? What were your reasons for choosing to do it this way? 11. Did your baby fall asleep at the same time as you or separately? What were your reasons for choosing to do it this way? 12.Did your infant receive special bedtime activities (e.g., bedtime story, lullaby, bathing routine)? Why or why not? 13. Did your baby use a security/transitional object (e.g., blanket, stuffed toy) when falling asleep? Why or why not? Deductions .50-point deduction if Title page is not APA. .50-point deduction if Reference page is not APA. Be mindful that you will need to reference the cultures that you introduced in this assignment on your reference page. .50-point deduction if subtitles are not in the body of this APA submission. .50 deduction for every 3 grammatical errors. (Incorrect = don’t, can’t, etc. Correct = do not, cannot, etc.…. Spell your words!) Contractions are grammatical errors in this course. 1 - point deduction for every day late. As you work with this assignment, I encourage you to utilize the services of the Writing Lab. If your paper is not APA there will be deductions. Take the time to know how to write an APA paper. Deductions will occur if your submission is not APA. When you are working in your field of choice details are going to be important. Now is the time to make following details a habit. Details and specific instructions are presented in this assignment in order to provide clarity. Deductions will occur if you do not follow detailed instructions. Always polish and shine and present “the best YOU”!

1-Let's Discuss!ImprovisationMany jazz enthusiasts would identify improvisation as the most essential feature of jazz. Do you agree? What are the characteristics and qualities of an improvised performance that distinguish it from written music? How does improvisation in jazz differ from improvisation in other kinds of music with which you are familiar?2-Let's Discuss!Ragtime, the blues, blues form, and 32-bar song formWritten for the piano, the rag was one of the most influential styles of music on early jazz. The left-hand accompaniment pattern of the rag was adopted in early stride-style jazz piano. Scott Joplin is one of the most famous rag composers.Listen to The Entertainer. This piece has several sections. Listen specifically from 00:00 to 02:16, and consider the following questions:3-Let's Discuss!Early JazzAmong the great New Orleans jazz musicians who recorded in the 1920s were Joe "King" Oliver, Jelly Roll Morton, Sidney Bechet, and Louis Armstrong. King Oliver's piece Dippermouth Blues, in particular, exhibits the characteristic collective improvisation that defines the New Orleans style.Louis Armstrong was the first great jazz solo improviser, and he has one of the most distinctive solo styles. West End Blues provides an opportunity to get better acquainted with Armstrong's solo style.Listen to West End Blues by Louis Armstrong and Hit Hot Five, another example of the New Orleans polyphony. The melody of this piece is played collectively by the three horns at 00:15 to 00:50 after an amazing trumpet introduction of Louis Armstrong (00:00 to 00:13).Consider the following Questions:Who has the lead voice during the melody? How many soloists are there after the melody? Briefly describe the soloists and their style of play.What makes this piece different from the other New Orleans style groups, for example, Dippermouth Blues by King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band?What is more predominant in this piece, the collective improvising or the featured soloist?Describe Armstrong's singing from 01:26 to 01:58. Does it sound improvised or written?Now describe the piano solo that follows from 02:00 to 02:33. Does it sound improvised or written?Describe the rhythm section in this piece. How do they support the soloists?4-Let's Discuss!Swing and Duke EllingtonThe recording for this Discussion Topic is Ko-Ko performed by Duke Ellington and His Orchestra. Notable soloists in Ellington's orchestra include Cootie Williams on trumpet, Johnny Hodges on alto sax, Ben Webster on tenor sax, and Jimmy Blanton on bass, as well as Duke Ellington himself on piano.Listen to Ko-Ko performed by Duke Ellington's Orchestra, and consider the following questions:How many soloists are featured in this piece?Which instruments are featured as soloists? Does each soloist play for an entire chorus or more? Note: the length of a chorus may be found between 00:13 to 00:31, which is the first chorus of the piece that features the melody.How many bars are in a chorus? Joe Nanton's trombone and plunger solo begins at 00:32. What is Nanton's style of play often called? Describe the sound of the accompanying trombone section during his solo. How do these supporting accompaniments give harmonic and rhythmic support to Nanton's solo?Describe Blanton's bass solo. How many choruses does he play? Describe in detail how the band accompanies him during his bass solo. Does the band play continuously during his solo? Which bars of this chorus does the accompanying band play?5-Let's Discuss!SwingBenny Goodman was the "King of Swing," credited with popularizing swing jazz for the broader American population. He was one of the few white bandleaders regarded as "hot" by black jazz musicians. He was also the first white bandleader to cross the "color line" and hire black musicians. In this discussion topic we'll hear the Benny Goodman Orchestra performing live at Carnegie Hall—a momentous occasion in itself.Listen to Swingtime in the Rockies performed by The Benny Goodman Orchestra, and consider the following questions:Identify the form of this piece. The first chorus, which contains the melody, begins at the beginning and ends at 00:28. Use letters to designate the sections of this chorus.Which section of the band plays the melody? Does this change? Does a different section of the band play any part of the melody during this first chorus?The melody of this piece is a good demonstration of call-and-response. Which section is calling and which section responding during this first chorus? Listen to how the reeds and the brass play off each other.Listen to the second chorus. How is the second chorus different from the first?Now listen to the entire piece. Is the melody played at the end of the piece? How does the piece end?6-Let's Discuss!BebopIn this discussion topic we hear Thelonious Monk's jazz standard Straight, No Chaser.Monk somehow manages to place his personal stamp on each of his compositions, providing strong support for the view that his work transcends the bebop genre.Listen to Straight No Chaser. Notice the many distinctive melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic "quirks" that help us to recognize Monk, and consider the following questions:The order of solos in this piece is: Blakey (Intro), Monk, Shihab, and Jackson. Provide counter numbers for the beginning and end of Monk and Jackson solos.Compare and contrast the solo styles, and describe them. Listen to how they phrase or create musical lines over the chord changes. Try to include some detail.What is your impression of this piece? How do these bebop soloists differ from the swing soloists that you have heard?7-Let's Discuss!Cool JazzListen to Paul Desmond's Take Five performed by the Dave Brubeck Quartet, and consider the following questions:The order of solos in this piece is: Desmond, Morello. Listen to the recording and provide counter numbers for the beginning and end of the two solos. Describe their solo styles. Provide detail of how they phrase or create musical lines over the two-chord vamp.A vamp is a chord or a short series of chords that are repeated. The vamp in this piece is one 5/4 bar length and is played between the piano and bass. What is your impression of this piece? How does the 5/4 meter of this piece sound different from the 4/4 meter of most other pieces you have heard?How would you compare/contrast the solo style of Desmond with that of Charlie Parker? How would you compare/contrast Morello's solo style with that of drummer Max Roach and his solo in Ko-Ko? How do these cool soloists differ from their bebop and earlier swing counterparts?8-Let's Discuss!Hard BopMiles Davis' mid-50s quintet, along with groups led by Art Blakey, Horace Silver, and Sonny Rollins, was one of the early standard bearers of hard bop. In this discussion, we listen to Miles Davis' version of Cole Porter's Love For Sale. Joining Miles on the front line is tenor saxophonist John Coltrane, who came to prominence at this time in association with Davis, and alto saxophonist Cannonball Adderley. On Love For Sale, Miles takes a Cole Porter ballad and plays it up-tempo, continuing to establish a "straight-ahead" style of hard bop that remains influential in contemporary jazz today.Listen to Love For Sale, and consider the following questions:The order of solos in this piece is: Davis, Adderley, Coltrane, Evans. Regarding the solos of Adderley and Coltrane: Listen to the recording and provide counter numbers for the beginning and end of these two solos. Compare and contrast the solo styles, and describe them. Listen to how they phrase or create musical lines over the chord changes. Try to include some detail.How would you compare/contrast the solo style of Adderley with that of bebop alto saxophonist Charlie Parker?How would you compare/contrast the solo style of Coltrane with that of swing tenor saxophonist Lester Young?Now listen to how Bill Evans phrases during his solo that begins at 07:41 and ends at 10:11. Describe his style. What makes Evans different from other pianists you've heard?9-Let's Discuss!John ColtraneJohn Coltrane is another giant of jazz. We'll hear one of excellent works as leader from 1957 to 1964. Coltrane underwent an evolution in his creative style over these years, both as composer and performer. Yet, there is an aspect of Coltrane's performance artistry that remains distinctly identifiable throughout his career. Remarkably, his music would evolve further in the last three years of his life (1964-1967) into the realm of free jazz.Listen to Coltrane's My Favorite Things, and consider the following questions:The order of solos in this piece is: Coltrane (melody), Tyner, Coltrane. Regarding the solos of Coltrane and Tyner: Listen to the recording and provide counter numbers for the beginning and end of these two solos. Note: Tyner plays the A section and then "vamps" with the pedal point in the bass before he begins to solo. A vamp is when one or two chords are repeated, usually with a pedal point. Describe their solo styles. Listen to how they phrase or create musical lines over the chord changes. Try to include some detail.Do Tyner and Coltrane solo on the chord changes of the melody? What are the modal characteristics of the solo sections of this piece?Coltrane worked with many influential pianists such as Monk, Flanagan, and Evans. What makes McCoy different from these other pianists?Tyner makes use of quartal harmony and repeating patterns. Quartal harmony is chords constructed in 4ths rather than 3rds. Describe how this sounds.Describe the rhythmic feel of drummer Elvin Jones and bassist Davis during Coltrane's solo. Would you describe the style of these soloists as bop, hard bop, modal, elements of all or something else? Explain in detail using what you've learned from the course lessons about these particular styles.10-Let's Discuss!Free Jazz and the Avant-GardeListen to Herbie Hancock's Maiden Voyage performed by Herbie Hancock, and consider the following questions:There is an introduction to this piece, how many bars is it? The melody (or head) begins at 00:16 and ends at 01:20. What is the form? How many bars is it? Hint: this piece is a modal take on a form you know well.How is the melody played by Coleman and Hubbard? How does this group arrange the melody?Describe the pulse and repeated rhythm that is played by the piano, bass and drums during the melody.Coleman begins his solo at 01:20. How many choruses does he take? How many choruses does Hubbard solo? How many choruses does Hancock solo?Briefly describe how the accompaniment of Hancock/Carter/Williams changes over course of George Coleman's solo. How are they different from other rhythm sections that you have heard? How does this piece end?11-Let's Discuss!Jazz-Rock FusionSpain, a mix of jazz-rock fusion and Latin jazz, is a famous piece by Chick Corea's Return to Forever. Let's listen and consider the following questions: The order of solos in this piece is: Farrell, Corea, Clarke. Regarding the solos of Farrell and Corea: Listen to the recording and provide counter numbers for the beginning and end of these two solos. Compare and contrast the solo styles, and describe them. Listen to how they phrase or create musical lines over the chord changes. Try to include some detail.How would you compare/contrast the flute solo style of Farrell with that of a hard bop alto saxophonist such as Cannonball Adderley? Does it sound like he has elements of a hard bop style?How would you compare/contrast the electric piano style of Corea in this piece with his piano solo style in Steps - What Was?Describe the Latin feel of the bass/ drums and percussion during the solos.12-Let's Discuss!Postmodernism vs. NeoclassicismThe music of Anthony Braxton, Roscoe Mitchell, David Murray, and John Zorn is arguably representative of a variety of postmodern approaches to jazz. How does this postmodern approach distinguish itself from the neoclassical approach exemplified in the music of Wynton Marsalis? Along the philosophical spectrum of jazz, where do you stand? Which points made by either of these two philosophic camps do you support? Which points do you oppose?13-Let's Discuss!Latin JazzListen to Royal "T". This piece by Tito Puente is a good example of his Afro-Cuban approach to composing and percussion. See the "Latin Jazz" and "Tito Puente" pages in this lesson to help you describe the style of Royal "T" and the style of Puente's group, and consider the following questions: The order of solos in this piece is: Burtis/Velasco trading eights, Burtis, Rodriguez/Lujan trading eights. Listen to the recording and provide counter numbers for the beginning and end of these solos. Describe their solo styles.Compare the style of this piece to that of Dizzy Gillespie's Manteca.The melody (or head) begins at 00:00 and ends at 01:28. How many sections does the melody have? Use letters and counter numbers to designate the sections.Describe the Afro-Cuban aspects to the melody? What is "traditional" about the style of the soloists? What is "fresh" and new about their style of soloing? What style of jazz do these soloists most sound like: Latin and/or hard bop?