HYDRAULIC MACHINES Introduction Hydraulic machines fall under the category of hydraulics, which is the science that deals with power transmission through confined liquids [1]. Hydraulics is a branch of fluid mechanics and it falls in the category hydrostatics. Examples of hydraulic machines are; hydraulic lifts, car jacks, car brakes, hydraulic press etc. Fig 1 shows a simplified diagram of a hydraulic lift. Fig 1 Hydraulic machines make use of Pascal’s law which states that pressure in fluids is transmitted undiminished and acts perpendicular to the surface of the containing vessel [2]. This project will focus more on hydraulic lifts. Hydraulic lifts work under the principle formula P=F/A, where P is the pressure, F is the force and A is the cross section area of the piston or internal cross section area of the cylinder. Methodology This project proposes to determine how velocity of piston 2 in a hydraulic lift is affected by the cross section area of the piston 1 and piston 2 by comparing the results when the cross section area of piston1 and 2 are varied. The governing formula in this project is:- Q = A* V, where Q is the volume flow rate, A is the cross section area of piston or cylinder and V is the velocity of piston. Q is constant between cylinder 1 and cylinder 2. Therefore when A is varied V also varies. Figure 2 shows a simple hydraulic cylinder that will be used in this analysis. Fig 2 ENGR 3553: Mechanics of Fluids Individual Project Proposal Due: March 24, 2017 at 11:59 PM Individual Project Project Overview: For the semester project, you will be analyzing a fluid system that interests you. Specifically, you will select a system that: 1. Interests you! 2. Can be described using the concepts we’ve learned in this course: Your task will be to estimate and compare the behavior of two systems. For example, if you’re interested in dams, you could compare the fluid statics designs as well as their power output. Project Requirements: • • • Perform an analysis of two devices or systems. Use the fluids concepts we have learned in class to derive specific equation(s) that govern the behavior of the system. Compare two systems: how do the parameters in your equation(s) affect the performance? Is one system “better” than the other? Why? Are there some cases in which one outperforms the other, and other situations where the result is the opposite? Alternative: optimize a single system Text Report Submission (What you should turn in by Friday 3/24 at 11:59) • • • Introduce your problem: what is the system/device and why are you interested? Present your analysis: the work you did to arrive at the governing equation(s) for the system (this may be neatly handwritten). Include relevant diagrams with labels. Discuss the effects of the parameters on the system. Consider using graphs and tables to explain your findings and illustrate trends. You may use bullet points or paragraph format. The goal is to communicate clearly and concisely. The 4 overall things I am looking for: • • • • (20%) Did you analyze real-world devices or systems? (40%) Did you derive governing equations that are relevant to the performance or behavior? (20%) How did you find the numbers you substituted into your equations. This will require creativity, as the dimensions of most systems are not openly available. What was your process for estimating? (20%) Did you illustrate the effect of the system parameters on its behavior?
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