Description
Grant Proposal
For your final project, you will finalize your grant proposal to secure funding for a neuroscience investigation. This assignment will involve integrating information covered in previous weeks about brain networks and disorders that occur as the result of dysfunction in these networks. The grant proposal will require you to identify a research question based on a thorough review of the literature related to a particular disorder/syndrome and design a scientifically sound grant proposal using current methods of neuroscience investigation.
Attention Students: The Masters of Arts in Psychology program is utilizing the Pathbrite portfolio tool as a repository for student scholarly work in the form of signature assignments completed within the program. After receiving feedback for your Grant Proposal, please implement any changes recommended by the instructor, go to Pathbrite and upload the revised Grant Proposal to the portfolio. (Use the Pathbrite Quick-Start Guide to create an account if you do not already have one.) The upload of signature assignments will take place after completing each course. Be certain to upload revised signature assignments throughout the program as the portfolio and its contents will be used in other courses and may be used by individual students as a professional resource tool. See the Pathbrite website for information and further instructions on using this portfolio tool.
The Grant Proposal must be six to eight double-spaced pages in length (not including Title page, References, and Appendix) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. Your proposal must contain all the sections listed below. Read the Grant Proposal Guidelines for detailed instructions as you write your proposal. View the Sample Grant Proposal Template for an example of a completed proposal.
Your Grant Proposal must include the following sections:
- Title Page
- Specific Aims
- Background
- Significance
- Proposed Study
- Participants
- Procedures
- Hypotheses and Analysis
- Budget Justification
- References
- Appendix A: Budget See the last page of the Sample Grant Proposal for a template to use when creating the budget. Use the optional Budget Calculation spreadsheet to calculate the budget figures. See the Grant Proposal Guidelines for budget details.
Explanation & Answer
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GRANT PROPOSAL – THE ROLE OF NEUROTRANSMITTER REGULATIONS IN
TREATMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
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Grant Proposal - The role of neurotransmitter regulations in treatment of
Schizophrenia
RUNNING HEAD: THE ROLE OF NEUROTRANSMITTER REGULATIONS IN
TREATMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
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The Role of Neurotransmitter Regulations in Treatment of Schizophrenia
Specific Aims
Schizophrenia is clinically expressed and characterized by the positive symptoms
such as hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thoughts as well as negative symptoms such
as lack of motivation and social withdrawal (Cohen, J. D., & Servan-Schreiber, D., 1993).
For over a decade, psychiatrists and researchers have been interested in studying and testing
the dopamine hypothesis which states that dysregulation of dopamine neurotransmission
circuits in the mammalian brain causes positive symptoms of schizophrenia and regulation of
D2 receptors in the dopaminergic circuits is effective for the of this chronic CNS disease
(Carlsson, A., Waters, N., Holm-Waters, S., Tedroff, J., Nilsson, M., & Carlsson, M. L.,
2001). However, negative symptoms of the disease are consistently found to be related to
regulation of other neurotransmitters such as estragon, glutamate, serotonin, and
progesterone. Studies show that paralyzing a brain region by creating lesions has a lot of side
effects and there is a need to develop therapeutic practices and antipsychotic drugs to regulate
the functions of neural circuits (Carlson, N. R., 2012). Neurotransmitter circuits are found to
be related to several functions of the brain including memory, learning, cognition, processing
speed, attention, and reward systems (Hayes, E., Gavrilidis, E., & Kulkarni, J., 2012).
The purpose of this study is to understand neurotransmitter interactions in the patients
of schizophrenia to develop methods to treat schizophrenia through therapeutic and
antipsychotic treatments. The development of therapeutic and antipsychotic practices in
treatment of schizophrenia requires a deeper understanding of the interactions of different
neurotransmitters and their role in pathophysiology and symptomology of schizophrenia
(Hayes, E., Gavrilidis, E., & Kulkarni, J., 2012). This proposed study conducts positron
emission tomography (PET) on the patients of schizophrenia, including both men and
RUNNING HEAD: THE ROLE OF NEUROTRANSMITTER REGULATIONS IN
TREATMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
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women, and studies the complex role of neurotransmitter circuits in the pathophysiology and
treatment of schizophrenia. The functions and interactions of various neurotransmitters are
discussed in the patients of schizophrenia.
Background
Psychologists have studied and explored the role of dopamine in the synapses of the
brain and found that positive symptoms of schizophrenia (disorganized thoughts,
hallucinations, and delusions) are caused due to increased activity of DA (Meisenzahl, E. M.,
Schmitt, G. J., Scheuerecker, J., & Möller, H., 2007). Double blind experiments have shown
that Antipsychotic drugs diminish or significantly reduce the positive symptoms of this
chronic disease by blocking the D2 and D3 receptors (Carlson, N. R., 2013). Chlorpromazine
is an antipsychotic drug which has been tested and prescribed to the patients of schizophrenia
several times by psychiatrists and its effect on treatment of positive symptoms has been
astounding. Chlorpromazine drug blocked the dopamine receptors and exerted its therapeutic
effects (Carlson, N. R., 2013).
A functional imaging study found that an intravenous injection of amphetamine to the
patients of schizophrenia released more dopamine in the striatum of the schizophrenic
patients and increase in the release of dopamine resulted in elevated positive symptoms of the
disease (Geddes, J., Freemantle, N., Harrison, P., & Bebbington, P., 2000). Another probable
reason for schizophrenia is that the patients of schizophrenia have increased number of D2
receptors and this hypothesis has been tested by several studies using PET scans and postmortem studies of schizophrenics (Carlson, N. R. (2013)). These studies show that there is a
modest increase in the D2 receptors in the patients of this disease but it is not the prime
reason of this disorder. The antipsychotic drugs that have been successfully used over several
years in the treatment of the disease also have severe side effects that resemble the symptoms
RUNNING HEAD: THE ROLE OF NEUROTRANSMITTER REGULATIONS IN
TREATMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
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of Parkinson’s Disease (Lack of Facial Expressions, gen...
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