CS1 A University of California Irvine The Internet How Stuff Works & Video Questions

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bcraggbcra

Computer Science

CS1 A

University of California Irvine

CS

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1. Read the pages on the website specified and fill in the blanks https://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet/basics...

2. Watch the following video The Internet: Beyond the Web and fill in the blanks.

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Lab #4 The Internet CS1A Lab #4: The Internet How Stuff Works & Video Instructions There are two parts to this lab. For both parts you will need to print out this work sheet and fill in the blanks. For part 1, you will read the information on the links provided. For part 2, you will need to watch a video and fill in the blanks based on the video. Please neatly handwrite your answers in pencil, colored pen (not black) or on a tablet. Scan these in and convert to a single pdf. If you don’t have a scanner use scanning software for your computer or phone. There are instructions on Canvas on how to do this. This is an individual lab so you may not get help from other classmates. Come to office hours or tutoring for help. Part 1 – How Stuff Works Go to http://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet-infrastructure.htm Read pages 1 – 12. 1. Nobody owns the Internet, that doesn’t mean it is not monitored and maintained in different ways. __________________________, a non-profit group, oversees the formation of the policies and protocols that define how we use and interact with the internet. 2. Every computer that is connected to the Internet is part of _______________. You may use a modem and dial a local number to connect to __________________________________________. At work, you may be a part of ___________________________________________, but you most likely still connect to the Internet using an ISP that your company has contracted with. When you connect to your ISP, you become part of their network. The ISP may then connect to a larger network and become part of their network. The Internet is simply a ___________________________________. 3. Every machine on the Internet has a unique identifying number, called _______________________. The IP stands for ______________________, which is the language that computers use to communicate over the Internet. 4. IP addresses are considered _________-bit numbers. Since each of the eight positions can have two different states (0 or 1), the total number of possible combinations per octet is ____ or _____. So each octet can contain any value between _____ and _____. Combine four octets and you get ______ or ______________________________ unique values! 5. Let’s say that you type the URL www.howstuffworks.com into your browser. The browser contacts a _______________ to get the ____________________. 6. All the machines on the Internet are either __________ or __________. The machines that provide services to other machines are __________. And the machines that are used to connect to those services are __________. 7. There are ________ servers, ________ servers, ________ servers and so on serving the needs of Internet users all over the world. v.f.21  Lab #4 The Internet CS1A 8. When you connect to www.howstuffworks.com to read a page, you are a user sitting at a ____________ machine. You are accessing the HowStuffWorks ___________________. The server machine __________ the page you requested and ______________ to you. 9. A server has a ____________________________ that does not change very often. A home machine that is dialing up through a modem, on the other hand, typically has an IP address assigned by _____________________________ you dial in. That IP address is unique for ______________ -- it may be _____________ the next time you dial in. This way, an ISP only needs one IP address for each ____________ it supports, rather than one for each ______________. 10. Any server machine makes its services available using numbered _________ -- one for each service that is available on the server. For example, if a server machine is running a Web server and a file transfer protocol (FTP) server, the Web server would typically be available on port _____, the FTP server would be available on port _____. Clients connect to a service at a specific IP address and on a specific port number. 11. Once a client has connected to a service on a particular port, it accesses the service using a specific _____________. Protocols are often text and simply describe how the client and server will have their conversation. Every Web server in the Internet conforms to the _______________________________. v.f.21  Lab #4 The Internet CS1A Part 2 – Video: The Internet – Beyond the Web 1. In 1958, the administration of Dwight D. Eisenhower created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), for rocket scientists, as well as the ___________________________________, (ARPA) for other types of government-financed exploration. 2. Leonard Kleinrock applied ____________ theory to data transmission. He also showed how to speed up the network by using demand access and distributed control. 3. _____________ switching was what was used for telephone communications. 4. Paul Baran was hired to see if a network could be built to assure ____________ of a nuclear attack during the Cold War. He based his idea on a model of mice going through a maze. 5. Paul Baran also used an idea from the telegraph to break up the message into equal size ______________ with headers indicating where the packet should go. 6. Each _____________ could decide where next to send the packets and would continue to send the packet until it is received at the next node. 7. Bob Taylor, an ARPA scientist, in 1966 didn’t like the idea that he needed separate terminals to log into different computers. He was allocated _________________ to turn theory into practice. 8. ______________________ built first experimental connection between computers at MIT. He was inspired by another engineer who suggested building special mini-computers that would only have to know how to deal with one mainframe. 9. The companies thought that the network A) __________________________, B) didn’t think it _____________________________ and C) had __________________________________ in their current communications systems. 10. The first network had 4 __________________________________________________(IMP) connected to 4 different mainframe computers to pass packets. 11. UCLA ______________________________ where charged to write the program to connect the UCLA mainframe to the IMP. 12. First killer app on the ARPANET was______________ invented by Raymond Tomlinson who wrote it on his own time. He was the first to use the _____ symbol in an address. v.f.21  Lab #4 The Internet CS1A 13. The Internet is developed using an __________________________________________. 14. In 1972 there were ______________________________ network sites online. During the demo of the ARPANET to ATT executives, the IMP ____________ and the executives laughed. 15. In 1973, the _________________ protocol was developed to allow different networks to communicate and became the standard in 1983. 16. Congress passed a bill on June 9 th, 1992 taking the INTERNET out of _____________________ and into the public. 17. At CERN research center in Switzerland Tim Berners-Lee developed software to follow threads of information across the internet which he named the ________________________. 18. In 1992 there were only _____ web pages on the internet. 19. In 1993 at the University of Illinois a student named Marc Andreesen, age 22 developed a browser called_______________ later renamed Netscape allowing the ease of access to the world wide web. 20. There were _____________ domain names and _____________ web sites at the turn of the century. v.f.21 
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Lab #4

The Internet

CS1A

Lab #4: The Internet
How Stuff Works & Video
Instructions
There are two parts to this lab. For both parts you will need to print out this work sheet and fill
in the blanks. For part 1, you will read the information on the links provided. For part 2, you will
need to watch a video and fill in the blanks based on the video.
Please neatly handwrite your answers in pencil, colored pen (not black) or on a tablet. Scan these in
and convert to a single pdf. If you don’t have a scanner use scanning software for your computer or
phone. There are instructions on Canvas on how to do this. This is an individual lab so you may not
get help from other classmates. Come to office hours or tutoring for help.

Part 1 – How Stuff Works
Go to http://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet-infrastructure.htm
Read pages 1 – 12.
1. Nobody owns the Internet, that doesn’t mean it is not monitored and maintained in different ways.
_____The Internet Society_________, a non-profit group, oversees the formation of the policies and
protocols that define how we use and interact with the internet.
2. Every computer that is connected to the Internet is part of ___a Network___. You may use a modem
and dial a local number to connect to ________an Internet Service Provider (ISP)________. At work,
you may be a part of _____a local area network (LAN)_____, but you m...


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