Lab assignment

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I want some one to do for me a lap assignment. The INFO and the instructions in the files that I posted.

#Make sure to follow the instructions because my doctor will grade it.

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Science Laboratory Report Grading Framework Developed by Dr. Peter Jeschofnig Title Page Total = 5 pts. Theory/purpose Total =10 pts. Equipment Used Total =10 pts. Procedures Total =10 pts. Data/ Observations Total =25 pts. Analysis Total =20 pts. Conclusions Total =20 pts. Unsatisfactory Borderline Satisfactory Excellent Missing more than two items, title, or names. Contains title and all names; but two items are missing. Contains tile and names, but one item is missing. Contains title, author and partners’ names, course name, experiment number; and report dates. 0-2 points No Theory, or incomplete theory and purpose/or incomplete theory and purpose . 3 point Includes adequate theory and purpose . 4 points Contains theory and purpose , but some result details are missing. 5 points Contains clear purpose statement and complete theory . 8 points 10 points 5 points 0-3 points Incomplete or missing equipment(s) used . Clearly states the equipment(s) used 10 points 0-4 points Unclear or missing instructions. Most steps are missing, incomeplete, disorganized, or not sequential. Vague instructions. Some steps missing, not well organized, or not fully sequential. Includes a clear set of instructions. A few steps are missing. Reasonably well organized. In clear, concise sentences with step-by-step format. Experiment can be replicated. Includes materials in methods.. 0-4 points Data is missing, incomplete, inaccurate, or has material defects; No data tables when appropriate. Missing graphs. Most or all observations missing. Incomplete or no calculations. Few questions answered. 6 points Data presented, but poorly organized, inaccurate, or missing. Graphs are inaccurate in data display, incorrectly or not labeled. Poor or incomplete observations Poor or incomplete calculations. Some questions answered. 8 points Data presented clearly and neatly. Most charts, tables, diagrams, and graphs labeled and accurate; detailed and reasonably accurate observations. Most calculations shown and are correct. Most questions answered. 10 points Data presented clearly and neatly. All charts, tables, diagrams, and graphs labeled and accurate. Appropriate type of graphing chosen. Detailed and accurate observations. Calculations shown and are correct. All questions correctly answered. 0-12 points Explanation of data is missing, inaccurate, or not expressed in complete sentences. Error analysis incomplete, missing or wrong. 16 points Incomplete description of data; 3 or more important observations are missing. Error analysis is incomplete or only partially correct. 20 points Results stated correctly in complete sentences. No more than 1 or 2 important observations are missing. Error analysis present and correct. 25 points Complete description of what occurred stated in complete sentences. Data is used accurately in reporting/analyzing the results. Error analysis present and correct. 0-8 points Conclusion is missing or does not fully explain the objectives of the lab. Relevant vocabulary missing. No practical application given. Discussion of scientific principle missing. Only 12 sentences. 12 points Conclusion explains the objective, but data is not used accurately to support it. Only 2-3 sentences. 15 points Adequate paragraph of explanation that includes supporting evidence with data, but missing “big picture”, scientific error, and/or additional inquiry suggestions. Good vocabulary use. Only 4-5 sentences. 20 points Well written and logical paragraph of explanation supported by data that addresses the objectives, scientific principles, and ends with the ‘big picture. Includes scientific error and pro-poses inquiry for un-answered questions 6+ sentences. 0-8 points 12 points 15 points 20 points TOTAL POINTS OUT OF 100 POSSIBLE POINTS ______ Score Name ________________________________________ Date __________________________ Period _________ The Conservation of Momentum Find the Lab  In your web browser, go to www.gigaphysics.com, then go to Virtual Labs, and then click Conservation of Momentum.  If someone else used the computer for this lab before you, click New Experiment. This will ensure that you have your own unique cart data when you do the experiment. Part I: Measure the Carts  To find the length of the purple cart, use your mouse to drag the cart over the caliper in the upper left corner of the lab. Convert the length to the SI unit of meters, then record your result in the table below. Repeat for the green cart.  Find the masses of the carts by dragging each one in turn over the electronic balance in the upper right corner. The balance reads in grams, so convert each mass to the SI unit of kilograms, then record your data. Mass of purple cart Length of purple cart Mass of green cart Length of green cart  These measurements will stay the same as long as you don’t refresh the screen or click the button to start a new experiment. If you don’t complete the lab if one sitting and have to load the lab page again, the lengths and masses will change. If this happens, you will need to measure them again and use the new values for the remainder of the lab. Part II: Determine the Carts’ Velocities  Select “same direction” from the Carts’ Direction menu and “inelastic” from the Collision Behavior menu.  Click Start Carts to put the carts in motion. The red numbers you will soon see tell you how many seconds it took each cart to pass through that photogate. If you lose track of which photogate is measuring which cart, notice the purple and green arrows labelling each; a half purple/half green arrow is used when both carts were stuck together as they passed through. You can also click Start Carts if you want to watch the collision again.  Record your times in the data table at the top of the next page. Also copy the lengths from part I. Be sure to add the lengths of the two carts when the carts are stuck together.  Calculate each cart’s velocity and enter it in the table as well. 1 Elapsed time Length Velocity Purple cart before collision Green cart before collision Carts stuck together after collision Part III: Calculating Momentum  Use the fact that momentum equals mass times velocity to calculate the momentum of each cart. Remember to add the masses when the carts are stuck together. Mass Velocity (from part II) Momentum Purple cart before collision Green cart before collision Carts stuck together after collision  Calculate the total momentum of the two carts before and after the collision. Purple cart’s momentum Green cart’s momentum -------------------- ---------------------- Total momentum Before collision After collision  You should find that the total momentum before and after the collision is identical (at least to within rounding errors.) If you don’t, you should find out what went wrong and correct it before you complete the next part. Part IV: The Elastic Collision  This time, set the Carts’ Direction to opposite and the Collision Behavior to elastic. Repeat the same steps as in part II and III. (The data table is at the top of the next page.)  When you calculate the velocities and momenta, signs matter. Make sure that carts that are moving to the left have negative velocities. If you lose track of which direction the carts were going for each photogate, you have the arrows to help you, and you can click Start Carts to watch the collision again. 2 Elapsed time Length Velocity (with sign!) Mass Velocity Momentum Purple cart’s momentum Green cart’s momentum Total momentum Purple cart before collision Green cart before collision Purple cart after collision Purple cart before collision Purple cart before collision Green cart before collision Purple cart after collision Purple cart before collision Before collision After collision Part V: One More Case  Repeat the experiment once more, this time with any combination of Carts’ Direction and Collision Behavior you have not used already. Record which settings you use, then complete the calculations as before. Carts’ Direction ___________________________ Elapsed time Collision Behavior _________________________ Length Velocity (with sign!) Purple cart before collision Green cart before collision Purple cart after collision Purple cart before collision 3 Mass Velocity Momentum Purple cart’s momentum Green cart’s momentum Total momentum Purple cart before collision Green cart before collision Purple cart after collision Purple cart before collision Before collision After collision Part VI: Conclusions What did you notice about the total momentum before the collision and the total momentum after the collision in each of the above cases? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The principle you should have noted in the previous question is called conservation of momentum. What do you think it means to say something is conserved in the context of physics? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Do you think there is any combination of conditions in this lab under which momentum would not have been conserved? Explain your answer. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Learning physics? Teaching physics? Check out www.gigaphysics.com. © 2016, Donovan Harshbarger. All rights reserved. This activity guide may be reproduced for non-profit educational use. 4 Name ________________________________________ Date __________________________ Period _________ Elastic and Inelastic Collisions Find the Lab In your web browser, go to www.gigaphysics.com, then go to Virtual Labs, and then click Conservation of Momentum. If someone else used the computer for this lab before you, click New Experiment. This will ensure that you have your own unique cart data when you do the experiment. Part I: Measure the Carts To find the length of the purple cart, use your mouse to drag the cart over the caliper in the upper left corner of the lab. Convert the length to the SI unit of meters, then record it in the table below. Repeat the procedure for the green cart. Find the masses of the carts by dragging each one in turn over the electronic balance in the upper right corner. The balance reads in grams, so convert each mass to the SI unit of kilograms, then record your data. Mass of purple cart Length of purple cart Mass of green cart Length of green cart These measurements will stay the same as long as you don’t refresh the screen or click the button to start a new experiment. If you don’t complete the lab if one sitting and have to load the lab page again, the lengths and masses will change. If this happens, you will need to measure them again and use the new values for the remainder of the lab. Part II: Determine the Carts’ Velocities (Inelastic Case) Select “same direction” from the Carts’ Direction menu and “inelastic” from the Collision Behavior menu. Click Start Carts to put the carts in motion. The red numbers you will soon see tell you how many seconds it took each cart to pass through that photogate. If you lose track of which photogate is measuring which cart, notice the purple and green arrows labelling each; a half purple/half green arrow is used when both carts were stuck together as they passed through. You can also click Start Carts if you want to watch the collision again. Record your times in the data table at the top of the next page. Also copy the lengths from part I. Be sure to add the lengths of the two carts when the carts are stuck together. Calculate each cart’s velocity and enter it in the table as well. 1 Elapsed time Length Velocity Purple cart before collision Green cart before collision Carts stuck together after collision Part III: Calculating Momentum and Kinetic Energy Calculate the momentum and kinetic energy for each cart, using the masses from part I and the velocities from part II. Remember to add the carts’ masses when the carts are stuck together. Mass Velocity Momentum Kinetic energy Purple cart before collision Green cart before collision Carts stuck together after collision Now add the results for the purple and green carts to determine the total momentum and kinetic energy before the collision. Your total after the collision is the same as you just calculated for the carts when they were stuck together, since there is nothing else to add. Total momentum Total kinetic energy Before collision After collision Part IV: Compare the Elastic Case Change the Collision Behavior to elastic and repeat the steps from parts II and III. Elapsed time Length Velocity Purple cart before collision Green cart before collision Purple cart after collision Purple cart before collision 2 Mass Velocity Momentum Kinetic energy Purple cart before collision Green cart before collision Purple cart after collision Green cart after collision Total momentum Total kinetic energy Before collision After collision Part V: The Partially Elastic Case Repeat the experiment once more, this time with Collision Behavior set to partially elastic. Elapsed time Length Velocity Purple cart before collision Green cart before collision Purple cart after collision Purple cart before collision Mass Velocity Momentum Kinetic energy Purple cart before collision Green cart before collision Purple cart after collision Green cart after collision Total momentum Total kinetic energy Before collision After collision 3 Part VI: Draw Conclusions Remember that when physicists say that something is conserved, they mean that it can never be created or destroyed. In other words, if something is conserved, then there is the same amount at the end of a process as there was at the beginning. Using this definition and your calculations from the lab, fill in the chart below. Is momentum conserved? Is kinetic energy conserved? Inelastic collision Elastic collision Summarize your conclusions by filling in the blanks in the sentence below. ____________________ is conserved in all kinds of collisions, whether elastic or inelastic, but _____________________ is conserved only in elastic collisions. Based on your results from part V, should a partially elastic collision be considered to be elastic or inelastic for purposes of predicting which quantities will be conserved? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Suppose that you wanted to use either conservation of momentum or conservation of kinetic energy to predict the outcome when a large car collides with a smaller car in a demolition derby. Which of the two quantities would be more appropriate for your calculation? Explain. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Learning physics? Teaching physics? Check out www.gigaphysics.com. © 2016, Donovan Harshbarger. All rights reserved. This activity guide may be reproduced for non-profit educational use. 4 Name:_________________________________ Class: ______________________________ Date: ______________________________ Adding Vectors Graphically and Component Method To learn how to add vectors graphically and component method and compare with expected resultant vector. Equipment 1. protractor 2. ruler 3. pencil 4. paper Theory DEF: A vector is a quantity that has both magnitude and direction. DEF: A scalar is a quantity that has magnitude but NO direction. Ex. Vectors Force Velocity Displacement Acceleration Ex. Scalars Temperature Time Mass Speed Vector Notation A – Boldface letters ⃑ - Arrow above letter | | – Magnitude of vector A A vector is defined graphically by an arrow whose length is proportional to the magnitude of the vector quantity. The direction of the arrow points in the direction of the vector quantity. Adding Vectors Graphically Consider adding two vectors A and B graphically. The two vectors are shown below. 1. Select an appropriate scale. (Ex. 20 cm = 5 N) 2. Draw vector A to scale and in the proper direction. 3. Draw vector B to the same scale with its tail at the tip of A and in the proper direction. 4. The resultant vector R = A + B is the vector drawn from the tail of vector A to the tip of vector B. 5. Calculate the magnitude of the resultant vector R using the selected scale and measure its direction with a protractor. 6. This same process applies if you add more than two vectors. This method of adding vectors graphically is also referred to as the i. head-to-tail method, ii. analytical method, and iii. geometric method. Example A physics student realizes that class was to start soon, the student dashes 2.0 km due east, then 1.0 km at 45o north of east, and finally 0.5 km due north. Calculate the displacement of the student. Scale: 50cm = 2 km ANS: R ≈ 2.98 km, θ ≈ 24o Adding Vectors Using Component Method Consider adding three 2-D vectors A, B, and C: A = Axx+ Ayy B = Bxx + Byy C = Cxx + Cyy 1. Add the x-components and y-components of each vector to obtain the resultant vector R in unit vector notation. R = A + B + C = (Axx+ Ayy) + (Bxx + Byy) + (Cxx + Cyy) R = (Ax + Bx + Cx) x + (Ay + By + Cy) y Rx = Ax + Bx + Cx Ry = Ay + By + Cy R = Rx x + Ry y 2. Calculate the magnitude of the resultant vector R . √ 4. Same procedure applies if you add more than 3 vectors. However, if the vectors are 3D, then you must specify the direction of the resultant vector R relative to the positive x, y, and z axis. Procedure Exercise 1 1. A car travels 20 mi at 600 north of west, then 35 mi at 45o north of east. 2. Express each displacement vector in unit vector notation. Take the +x-axis due east and the +y-axis due north. 3. Use the component method to obtain the resultant displacement vector in unit vector notation. Calculate the magnitude and direction. 4. Add the displacements vectors graphically using an appropriate scale and coordinate system. Obtain the resultant vector and calculate the magnitude and direction. 5. Calculate the % error between the graphical and component method. Take the component method to be the expected value.[ Exercise 2 1. Suppose a particle is acted on by the following three forces: F1=m1g @ 30o (m1 = 300 gr) F2=m2g @ 110o (m2 = 450 gr) F3=m1g @ 230o (m3 = 400 gr) Calculate the force particle 1 2 3 mass gravity Force Direction Finding resultant force using Component Method 1. Express each force F1, F2, and F3 in unit vector notation. Take the origin to be at the center of the force table (at pivot point) with the +x axis along 0o and +y-axis along 90o. 2. Use the component method to obtain the resultant force vector Fcomp in unit vector notation. Calculate the magnitude and direction. Finding resultant force using Graphically 1. Add the vectors F1, F2 and F3 graphically using an appropriate scale and coordinate system. 2. Obtain the resultant vector Fgrap. Calculate the magnitude and direction. 3. Calculate the % error between the graphical method, component method.
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