Physic project

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nfu36

Science

Description

use any 4 of the topics below to write a 11 pages paper include references. Any subject of interest to you involving physical science related to human or animal. It can also be a medical condition or injury which either results from the activity or affects the performance of the activity.

1. Kinematics

2. Dynamics

3. Momentum

4. Energy

5.Rotations

6. Elasticity

7. Thermal Energy

8. Fluids.

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Explanation & Answer

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Surname 1
Name:
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Course:
Date:
Application of Principles of Physics in Biomechanics
INTRODUCTION
Biomechanics studies the movement of living things by applying the science of
mechanics. It uses laws of physics to describe the motion, structure, and functioning of living
organisms or living systems. Many sports persons apply biomechanics and physics of sports to
gain a greater understanding of how to facilitate performance in different athletic events. Physics
is very essential in this field as it helps one understand the physical principles of motion,
resistance momentum and the role of friction in sporting activities. It provides a description, an
explanation and a prediction of the physical aspects of human exercise, sport and play (Knudson,
2007).
From a general view, physics helps explain and provide a description to several scenarios like;
Why one’s legs do not break after jumping off from a chair or a raised ground?
What maintains a moving bicycle from falling over?
Why doesn’t elbow hurt?
Why does ice float?
Why a ball bounces?
The basic answers to the questions are the Newton’s laws of motion which are the basis
of classical mechanics. The reason for choosing biomechanics of sports is because it
encompasses how living things need to apply the basic principles of physics to optimize their
activities of motion and other physical aspects (human performance) without straining the bones

Surname 2
and body tissues (prevents body injury). With appropriate application of biomechanics, minimal
energy or force is required to do or carry out tasks. Biomechanics has been used to redesign
sporting equipment, in order to improve their performance. To expound on the application of
biomechanics, this paper will focus on four major areas of physics which are dynamics, energy,
momentum and fluids (Kibele et al., 2015).
MOMENTUM
Momentum is the ability of an object to continue moving on its track because of its mass
and velocity. Considering a snowball rolling down the mountain, the ball starts as a slow-moving
object and as it moves down the speed increases. What causes the ball to continue moving is best
explained by Newton's first law of motion.
Important questions to consider while focusing on this topic are;
Why a ball bounces?
What maintains an object in its initial state of motion?
Why one’s legs do not break after jumping off from a chair or a raised ground?
How does airbag help prevent injuries?
Why is it advisable to bend one’s knees upon landing on the ground?
Mathematically, momentum is represented as;
Momentum, P=mass*velocity (kg.m/s).
Considering two balls of different masses, the heavier ball will move with a higher speed
as compared to the one with lower mass because it has a larger momentum. Also, a ball with a
higher initial velocity will roll down faster than one with a lower initial velocity. Momentum is a
vector quantity; it possesses both magnitude and direction. It acquires the direction of velocity as
mass is a scalar quantity (Marko, Elena and Robert 2015).

Surname 3
The principle of momentum is used in different fields of sports by Biomechanists to
improve performance on those events. Biomechanics applies the variables of the equation to
determine the momentum of the object. In football for example, in order to achieve a strong and
fast kick, the player has to give the ball the hardest kick possible. The energy of the kick is
converted into velocity which increases the momentum of the ball. For that reason, a player kicks
the ball from a running distance (Knudson, 2007). This range allows him/her to accumulate as
much energy as possible which on hitting the ball is converted into a change in velocity.

Figure 1; Illustration of the soccer kicking action for maximum speed
The primary task in many sporting activities is to create as large change in velocity to an
object as possible. In all throwing events for example shot, discus and javelin, the sports objects
have no velocity at the initial time prior to throwing, and the objective is to impart it with a fast
speed at the end of the throw. In simple terms, what we are doing to the sports object is to
increase its momentum. The same case happens to all s...


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