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24 A Practical Guide to Information Systems Strategic Planning
Who
How
Executive IS Steering
Committee
Project Request Process
What
. Common Business Applications
• Operating Unit Business Applications
• IS Infrastructure
• IS Budget
IS Standards
• IS Principles
.IS Strategic Plan
• Metrics
• Project Management
Methodology
Project Prioritization
Process
CIO
IS Operating Committee -
Communication Process
IS
Governance
IS Business Liaisons
Change Mgmt Process,
Systems Development
Process, SLA, chargeback
Project Management Office (PMO)
Figure 2.1
IS governance
and when custom software would be appropriate. The bottom line is
that governance describes the process through which a company makes
decisions.
A variety of individuals or groups may be involved in these decisions
and processes, such as an IS steering committee, executive management,
board of directors, the CIO, IS management, business line management,
or business liaisons. Although these groups or individuals may be slightly
different from organization to organization, this chapter discusses the
general roles and responsibilities of each relative to the IS planning
process. Activities may be monitored through various established IS pro-
cesses, such as the budgeting process, project request process, project
prioritization process, change management process, systems development
process, and service-level management process. It is through effective
governance that strategic planning becomes a process rather than a
singular event. Governance ensures effective and efficient implementation
of the strategic plan. IS management and processes deal with present
issues of Is, and governance deals with future issues. Figure 2.1 shows
an example of the different IS governance components in a company.
Table 2.1 shows an example of how a company documented its gover-
nance by outlining who would be responsible for what decision.
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Table 2.1 shows an example of how a company documented its gover-
nance by outlining who would be responsible for what decision.
Importance of Governance
Governance is a common principle used to manage other company assets.
For example, for human assets, or employees, governance may include
Operating
Unit Business
Applications
Informed
IS Standards,
Processes
IS Strategic
Plan
IS Budget
Responsible
IS Principles
Consulted
Consulted
Responsible
Table 2.1 Decision-Making Matrix
Common
IS
Business
Infrastructure Applications
Executive IS Consulted Responsible
Steering
Committee
IS Operating Consulted Consulted
Committees
IS Business Informed Consulted
Liaison
Responsible Consulted
Responsible
Informed
Informed
Informed
Consulted
Consulted
Informed
Informed
Informed
Consulted
CIO
Consulted
Consulted
Responsible
Responsible
Consulted
IS Governance 25
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Chapter 2
IS Governance
God grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change,
the courage to change the things I can, and the wisdom to
distinguish the one from the other.
Reinhold Niebuhr (1892–1971)
American Theologian
Definition of Governance
Governance is a fundamental framework that must be in place for an
information systems (IS) strategic plan and strategic planning process to
be successful. Governance provides a decision-making and accountability
framework for effective management of Is. There may be many compo-
nents to IS governance, but the basic purpose of governance is to identify
what decisions will be made, and by whom, and to define how activities
will be monitored against the plan. The IS strategic plan is a very important
component to effective governance. Conversely, a good IS strategic plan will
include a clearly documented process for IS governance. Governance ensures
that is delivers value to the business and that risks are sufficiently managed.
Decisions may include areas such as the overall budget and allocation
of resources; infrastructure; business applications, standards, policies, and
priorities, IS guiding principles, and the IS strategic plan. Most often, the
decisions are about time (schedule), money (budget), staffing levels, and
allocations. However, other decisions also require governance, such as
standards, policies, and desired behavior. One example of these decisions
is setting a framework for when a company should utilize package software
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