Running Head: RESEARCH PROJECT OUTLINE Research Project Outline Quadasia Dukes The Liberty University BUSI511 Eric Richardson 09/19/2021 RESEARCH PROJECT OUTLINE 2 1. The research topic is “Supply and Demand of Nurses in the Workforce.” 2. This is a crucial topic because, while it is affected by a myriad of factors, the supply and demand of nurses significantly determine the number of nurses working at a given time. A. Accordingly, the research paper seeks to identify those factors that are likely to influence the supply and demand of nurses in the future and offer recommendations on how to address a projected shortage crisis. 3. The relevant background material comprises of scholarly/journal articles that contain authoritative and research-based information for use in the paper; A. For instance, research shows that the supply and demand of nurses in the workforce continues to be affected by different factors. B. One such factor is the growing aging population in the U.S. In this regard, Marc et al. (2019) explain that the aging population in America is rapidly growing and, by 2050, it will double. Hence, the demand for nurses is likely to increase as more nurses will be needed to provide care for this aging population 4. The thesis statement is “The growing aging population in the U.S. is a factor that will influence the supply and demand of nurses in the future.” 5. Accordingly, several research questions will be addressed in the research paper. These question include: A. What factors are likely to affect the supply and demand of nurses in the nursing workforce? B. How is the aging American population expected to affect the supply and demand of nurses in the nursing workforce in the future? RESEARCH PROJECT OUTLINE 3 6. In order to best support the purpose of the research paper, the paper’s organization plan shall comprise the following sections and each shall be allocated a certain amount of words: A. A title page; B. An abstract – A maximum of 200 words; C. An introductory paragraph – about 150 words; D. The main body (with independent, but connected paragraphs) – 2300 words; E. A conclusion – 200 words. RESEARCH PROJECT OUTLINE 4 References Carnevale, A. P., Smith, N., & Gulish, A. (2015). Nursing: Supply and demand through 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10822/1050292 Carayon P, Gurses AP. (2021). Nursing Workload and Patient Safety—A Human Factors Engineering Perspective. In: Hughes RG, editor. Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. Rockville (M.D.): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (U.S.); https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2657/ contributor to workplace violence in the public sector. Public Personnel Clarke, S. P. (2016). RN workforce update: Current and long-range forecast. Nursing Management, 47(11), 20-25. doi.org/10.1097/01.numa.0000502798.99305.10 Griffiths, P., Recio-Saucedo, A., Dall'Ora, C., Briggs, J., Mariotti, A., Meredith, P., Smith, G. B., Ball, J., & Missed Care Study Group (2018). The association between nurse staffing and omissions in nursing care: A systematic review. Journal of advanced nursing, 74(7), 1474–1487. doi.org/10.1111/jan.13564 Haddad LM, Annamaraju P, Toney-Butler TJ. (2020). Nursing Shortage. StatPearls, Treasure Island (F.L.): StatPearls Publishing; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493175/ Marć, M., Bartosiewicz, A., Burzyńska, J., Chmiel, Z., & Januszewicz, P. (2019). A nursing shortage–a prospect of global and local policies. International nursing review, 66(1), 916. doi: 10.1111/inr.12473 Mehdaova, E.A. (2017). Strategies to Overcome the Nursing Shortage, Walden Dissertation, and Doctoral Studies. RESEARCH PROJECT OUTLINE 5 Mudallal, R. H., Othman, W. A. M., & Al Hassan, N. F. (2017). Nurses’ burnout: the influence of leader empowering behaviors, work conditions, and demographic traits. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, 54, 0046958017724944. doi: 10.1177/0046958017724944 Nirel, N., Grinstien-Cohen, O., Eyal, Y., Samuel, H., & Ben-Shoham, A. (2015). Models for projecting supply and demand for nurses in Israel. Israel Journal of health policy research, 4, 46. doi.org/10.1186/s13584-015-0043-6 Park, H., & Yu, S. (2019). Effective policies for eliminating nursing workforce shortages: a systematic review. Health Policy and Technology, 8(3), 296-303. Peterson, J. K. (2017). Strategies for Managing the Shortages of Registered Nurses (Doctoral dissertation, Walden University). Rosenberg, K. (2019). R.N. Shortages Negatively Impact Patient Safety. American Journal of Nursing 119(3):51. DOI: 10.1097/01.NAJ.0000554040.98991.23 Rosseter, R. (2014). Nursing shortage. American Association of Colleges of Nursing. Retrieved from https://ic4n.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Nursing-Shortage-Factsheet-2017.pdf Tamata, T.A., Mohammednezhad, M. Tamani, L. (2021). Registered nurses’ perceptions on the factors affecting nursing shortage in the Republic of Vanuatu Hospitals: A qualitative study. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251890 Zhang, X., Tai, D., Pforsich, H., & Lin, V. W. (2018). The United States registered nurse workforce report card and shortage forecast: a revisit. American Journal of Medical Quality, 33(3), 229-236. doi.org/10.1177/1062860617738328 BUSI 511 RESEARCH PROJECT ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY TEMPLATE Annotated Bibliography (Name) School of Business, Liberty University ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 2 Statement of Topic Kiyonaga (2004) suggests “the aging of the largest generation the United States has ever known will affect every social institution from employment to health care. Precisely what the impact will be is, like all future events, still a matter of prediction. That there will be a major impact is not” (p. 357). This paper will seek to provide a perspective on the aging of the workforce with specific attention given to the potential roles available for the aging worker, the training available and offered the aging worker, an exploration of implications for the organization, and finally, the role the strategic H.R. function plays in propelling the organization forward in dealing with this issue. Kondrasuk, J. N., Moore, H. L., & Wang, H. (2001). Negligent hiring: The emerging contributor to workplace violence in the public sector. Public Personnel Management, 30(2), 185. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=74623315&Fmt=2&clientId=20655&RQT=30 9&VName=PQD This article contributes significant and relevant statistics which confirm the pervasiveness of violent incidents in general. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) found that 20 persons were murdered at work every week. Nationally, homicide is the secondhighest overall cause of workplace-related deaths; for female workers, homicide is the leading cause of workplace deaths. Workplace violence now accounts for 15 percent of the more than 6.5 million violent acts experienced by U. S. residents who are age 12 or older (para 7). Kondrasuk provides information also related to a suggested cause or contributor to the violence—negligent hiring practices. Numerous suggestions are given throughout the materials researched for the paper, giving additional thought to the causes of workplace violence. However, Kondrasuk gives ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1 weight to a passing platitude and supports the concept of negligent hiring with the law and concurrent tort law claims. Smith, S. J. (2002). Workplace violence. Professional Safety, 47(11), 34. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=239545531&Fmt=2&clientId=20655&RQT=3 09&VName=PQD Smith (2002) gives critical analysis to the topic of workplace violence and highlights how illprepared most U.S. companies are when faced with the reality of violence. In the research, she provides several real-world examples of workplace violence, the behavioral backgrounds, and pre-incident behaviors of the employees committing the violent acts. Smith (2002) further contends that “employers have both a legal duty and moral obligation to provide a safe workplace” (p. 39). In addition to this insight, the article contributes to workplace violence's impact, causes, and prevention. The suggestions are pliable to almost any organization. Nirel, N., Grinstien-Cohen, O., Eyal, Y., Samuel, H., & Ben-Shoham, A. (2015). Models for projecting supply and demand for nurses in Israel. Israel Journal of health policy research, 4, 46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13584-015-0043-6 Nirel et al. (2018) outline models useful in projecting the demand and supply for nurses in Israel. The author's information reveals a background in public health research, which makes the article credible and peer-reviewed. The article is relevant to the topic under review, which is about supply and demand in the workforce of nurses. The article presents findings of the existing gaps in terms of projecting demand and supply of nurses, especially with the growth in the aging population worldwide, which means there will be more demand for nursing services. “Projections indicate that the demand for the nursing workforce will increase due to the aging ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1 population and an increase of the percentage of elderly people requiring assistance." That shows the supply and demand imbalance for nurses. Griffiths, P., Recio-Saucedo, A., Dall'Ora, C., Briggs, J., Mariotti, A., Meredith, P., Smith, G. B., Ball, J., & Missed Care Study Group (2018). The association between nurse staffing and omissions in nursing care: A systematic review. Journal of advanced nursing, 74(7), 1474–1487. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13564 In this article, Griffiths et al. (2018) explain the consequences of the issues of supply and demand of nurses. That author is a show of authority as they work under the faculty of health sciences at the University of Southhampton. According to the article, “Worldwide predictions of a shortage of nurses by 2025, driven by retiring workforce and an aging population, increases the need to develop a deep understanding of the impact of nurse staffing on patient safety”. The article is relevant to the topic of supply and demand in the workforce of nurses since it shows the various effects of higher demand and low supply of nurses, which leads to medical errors. Martiniano, R.P. (2010). Understanding the Supply and Distribution of Registered Nurses, Where Are the Data, and What Can They Tell Us? Annual Review of Griffith Nursing Research 28(1); 43-61 DOI:10.1891/0739-6686.28.43 Martiniano (2010) contributes to the topic of supply and demand in the workforce of nurses through a study that seeks to comprehend the supply and distribution of registered nurses based on credible data. The author cites that “Registered nurse (RN) forecast studies can be valuable in quantifying supply and demand gaps and identifying the most appropriate strategies to avert future shortages." The article's relevance to the topic under review is based on the fact that the author highlights possible ways to address supply issues of nurses in the coming days. ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1 Tamata, T.A., Mohammednezhad, M. Tamani, L. (2021). Registered nurses’ perceptions on the factors affecting nursing shortage in the Republic of Vanuatu Hospitals: A qualitative study. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251890 The research topic under review is about supply and demand in the workforce of nurses; to contribute to the topic, Tamata et al. (2021) research what nurses perceive to be the factors affecting nursing shortage in a Vanuatu healthcare facility. “One of the main challenges that health system facing globally is the shortage of nursing workforce." The author is credible since the article is peer-reviewed; its contribution to the topic of supply and demand of nurses is based on the fact that the article highlights some of the factors affecting the supply of nurses despite the rising demand for nursing services. Mehdaova, E.A. (2017). Strategies to Overcome the Nursing Shortage, Walden Dissertation, and Doctoral Studies. In response to the topic of supply and demand in the workforce of nurses, Mehdaova (2017) outlines strategies to overcome the issue of supply of nurses through intervening in the issue of nurse shortage. The author is credible, and the article holds postgraduate education from Walden University, and the research was presented as part of earning the academic qualifications. “Nursing shortage is a growing problem in the healthcare industry as hospital leaders are experiencing difficulties recruiting and retaining nurses." The lack of strategies to better recruit and retain nurses has been attributed to the imbalance witnessed between the supply and demand of nurses. ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1 Haddad LM, Annamaraju P, Toney-Butler TJ. (2020). Nursing Shortage. StatPearls, Treasure Island (F.L.): StatPearls Publishing; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493175/ Based on the crucial role played by nurses in the provision of care, Haddad et al. (2020) highlight the issue of nursing shortage. The article is relevant to the topic of supply and demand in the workforce of nurses since it highlights the issue of nursing shortage which is the supply side of nursing. The article reiterates that “According to an article in the Nursing Times, The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that 11 million additional nurses are needed to avoid a further shortage”. That indicates the demand for nursing services in the coming years, yet there is a limited supply. The authors involved in the research are affiliated with credible institutions of higher learning, which makes their research more reliable to include in the topic under review. Carayon P, Gurses AP. (2021). Nursing Workload and Patient Safety—A Human Factors Engineering Perspective. In: Hughes RG, editor. Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. Rockville (M.D.): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (U.S.); https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2657/ The topic under review is about supply and demand in the workforce of nurses, and the article under review contributes to the topic through its research that highlights the topic of nursing workload and patient safety, which is a concern related to supply and demand of nurses with the shortage of nurses worsening the level of patient safety. The article reiterates the issue of imbalance in nursing workforce supply and demand, “Although not as strong, some evidence exists regarding the impact of nurse staffing levels on failure to rescue (death within 30 days among patients who had complications) and mortality”. Thus, the nursing workforce's low supply and high demand impact patient safety in various ways, as highlighted by Carayon & ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Gurse (2021). Also, the authors' affiliation with the school of public health makes the article credible for inclusion in this research. Rosenberg, K. (2019). R.N. Shortages Negatively Impact Patient Safety. American Journal of Nursing 119(3):51. DOI:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000554040.98991.23 Concerning the topic of supply and demand in the workforce of nurses, Rosenberg (2019), through the article, highlights some of the ways the problem of nursing shortage impacts the safety of patients. The salient quote from the article likely to cite is the indication that “Lower levels of R.N. staffing increase the risk of death during a hospital stay." The article is peerreviewed, and the author is affiliated with a recognized institution makes the source credible for use in the research under review. The risks directed to patients in the cases of lower levels of registered nurses indicate how the lower supply of nurses accompanied by its high demand for services affects the safety of patients in a care setting. 1 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1 References Carayon P, Gurses AP. (2021). Nursing Workload and Patient Safety—A Human Factors Engineering Perspective. In: Hughes RG, editor. Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. Rockville (M.D.): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (U.S.); https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2657/ contributor to workplace violence in the public sector. Public Personnel Griffiths, P., Recio-Saucedo, A., Dall'Ora, C., Briggs, J., Mariotti, A., Meredith, P., Smith, G. B., Ball, J., & Missed Care Study Group (2018). The association between nurse staffing and omissions in nursing care: A systematic review. Journal of advanced nursing, 74(7), 1474–1487. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13564 Haddad LM, Annamaraju P, Toney-Butler TJ. (2020). Nursing Shortage. StatPearls, Treasure Island (F.L.): StatPearls Publishing; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493175/ Kondrasuk, J. N., Moore, H. L., & Wang, H. (2001). Negligent hiring: The emerging Management, 30(2), 185. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=74623315&Fmt=2&clientId=20655&RQT=309&V Name=PQD Martiniano, R.P. (2010). Understanding the Supply and Distribution of Registered Nurses, Where Are the Data, and What Can They Tell Us? Annual Review of Griffith Nursing Research 28(1); 43-61 DOI:10.1891/0739-6686.28.43 Mehdaova, E.A. (2017). Strategies to Overcome the Nursing Shortage, Walden Dissertation, and Doctoral Studies. ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1 Nirel, N., Grinstien-Cohen, O., Eyal, Y., Samuel, H., & Ben-Shoham, A. (2015). Models for projecting supply and demand for nurses in Israel. Israel Journal of health policy research, 4, 46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13584-015-0043-6 Rosenberg, K. (2019). R.N. Shortages Negatively Impact Patient Safety. American Journal of Nursing 119(3):51. DOI:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000554040.98991.23 Smith, S. J. (2002). Workplace violence. Professional Safety, 47(11), 34. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=239545531&Fmt=2&clientId=20655&RQT=309& VName=PQD Tamata, T.A., Mohammednezhad, M. Tamani, L. (2021). Registered nurses’ perceptions on the factors affecting nursing shortage in the Republic of Vanuatu Hospitals: A qualitative study. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251890 BUSI 511 RESEARCH PROJECT ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Annotated Bibliography Quadasia Dukes School of Business, Liberty University ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 2 Supply and Demand of Nurses in the Workforce Kiyonaga (2004) suggests “the aging of the largest generation the United States has ever known will affect every social institution from employment to health care. Precisely what the impact will be is, like all future events, still a matter of prediction. That there will be a major impact is not” (p. 357). This paper will seek to provide a perspective on the aging of the workforce with specific attention given to the potential roles available for the aging worker, the training available and offered the aging worker, an exploration of implications for the organization, and finally, the role the strategic H.R. function plays in propelling the organization forward in dealing with this issue. Kondrasuk, J. N., Moore, H. L., & Wang, H. (2001). Negligent hiring: The emerging contributor to workplace violence in the public sector. Public Personnel Management, 30(2), 185. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=74623315&Fmt=2&clientId=20655&RQT=30 9&VName=PQD This article contributes significant and relevant statistics which confirm the pervasiveness of violent incidents in general. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) found that 20 persons were murdered at work every week. Nationally, homicide is the secondhighest overall cause of workplace-related deaths; for female workers, homicide is the leading cause of workplace deaths. Workplace violence now accounts for 15 percent of the more than 6.5 million violent acts experienced by U. S. residents who are age 12 or older (para 7). Kondrasuk provides information also related to a suggested cause or contributor to the violence—negligent hiring practices. Numerous suggestions are given throughout the materials researched for the paper, giving additional thought to the causes of workplace violence. However, Kondrasuk gives 3 weight to a passing platitude and supports the concept of negligent hiring with the law and concurrent tort law claims. Smith, S. J. (2002). Workplace violence. Professional Safety, 47(11), 34. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=239545531&Fmt=2&clientId=20655&RQT=3 09&VName=PQD Smith (2002) gives critical analysis to the topic of workplace violence and highlights how illprepared most U.S. companies are when faced with the reality of violence. In the research, she provides several real-world examples of workplace violence, the behavioral backgrounds, and pre-incident behaviors of the employees committing the violent acts. Smith (2002) further contends that “employers have both a legal duty and moral obligation to provide a safe workplace” (p. 39). In addition to this insight, the article contributes to workplace violence's impact, causes, and prevention. The suggestions are pliable to almost any organization. Nirel, N., Grinstien-Cohen, O., Eyal, Y., Samuel, H., & Ben-Shoham, A. (2015). Models for projecting supply and demand for nurses in Israel. Israel Journal of health policy research, 4, 46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13584-015-0043-6 Nirel et al. (2018) outline models useful in projecting the demand and supply for nurses in Israel. The author's information reveals a background in public health research, which makes the article credible and peer-reviewed. The article is relevant to the topic under review, which is about supply and demand in the workforce of nurses. The article presents findings of the existing gaps in terms of projecting demand and supply of nurses, especially with the growth in the aging population worldwide, which means there will be more demand for nursing services. “Projections indicate that the demand for the nursing workforce will increase due to the aging 4 population and an increase of the percentage of elderly people requiring assistance." That shows the supply and demand imbalance for nurses. Griffiths, P., Recio-Saucedo, A., Dall'Ora, C., Briggs, J., Mariotti, A., Meredith, P., Smith, G. B., Ball, J., & Missed Care Study Group (2018). The association between nurse staffing and omissions in nursing care: A systematic review. Journal of advanced nursing, 74(7), 1474–1487. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13564 In this article, Griffiths et al. (2018) explain the consequences of the issues of supply and demand of nurses. That author is a show of authority as they work under the faculty of health sciences at the University of Southhampton. According to the article, “Worldwide predictions of a shortage of nurses by 2025, driven by retiring workforce and an aging population, increases the need to develop a deep understanding of the impact of nurse staffing on patient safety”. The article is relevant to the topic of supply and demand in the workforce of nurses since it shows the various effects of higher demand and low supply of nurses, which leads to medical errors. Martiniano, R.P. (2010). Understanding the Supply and Distribution of Registered Nurses, Where Are the Data, and What Can They Tell Us? Annual Review of Griffith Nursing Research 28(1); 43-61 DOI:10.1891/0739-6686.28.43 Martiniano (2010) contributes to the topic of supply and demand in the workforce of nurses through a study that seeks to comprehend the supply and distribution of registered nurses based on credible data. The author cites that “Registered nurse (RN) forecast studies can be valuable in quantifying supply and demand gaps and identifying the most appropriate strategies to avert future shortages." The article's relevance to the topic under review is based on the fact that the author highlights possible ways to address supply issues of nurses in the coming days. 5 Tamata, T.A., Mohammednezhad, M. Tamani, L. (2021). Registered nurses’ perceptions on the factors affecting nursing shortage in the Republic of Vanuatu Hospitals: A qualitative study. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251890 The research topic under review is about supply and demand in the workforce of nurses; to contribute to the topic, Tamata et al. (2021) research what nurses perceive to be the factors affecting nursing shortage in a Vanuatu healthcare facility. “One of the main challenges that health system facing globally is the shortage of nursing workforce." The author is credible since the article is peer-reviewed; its contribution to the topic of supply and demand of nurses is based on the fact that the article highlights some of the factors affecting the supply of nurses despite the rising demand for nursing services. Mehdaova, E.A. (2017). Strategies to Overcome the Nursing Shortage, Walden Dissertation, and Doctoral Studies. In response to the topic of supply and demand in the workforce of nurses, Mehdaova (2017) outlines strategies to overcome the issue of supply of nurses through intervening in the issue of nurse shortage. The author is credible, and the article holds postgraduate education from Walden University, and the research was presented as part of earning the academic qualifications. “Nursing shortage is a growing problem in the healthcare industry as hospital leaders are experiencing difficulties recruiting and retaining nurses." The lack of strategies to better recruit and retain nurses has been attributed to the imbalance witnessed between the supply and demand of nurses. 6 Haddad LM, Annamaraju P, Toney-Butler TJ. (2020). Nursing Shortage. StatPearls, Treasure Island (F.L.): StatPearls Publishing; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493175/ Based on the crucial role played by nurses in the provision of care, Haddad et al. (2020) highlight the issue of nursing shortage. The article is relevant to the topic of supply and demand in the workforce of nurses since it highlights the issue of nursing shortage which is the supply side of nursing. The article reiterates that “According to an article in the Nursing Times, The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that 11 million additional nurses are needed to avoid a further shortage”. That indicates the demand for nursing services in the coming years, yet there is a limited supply. The authors involved in the research are affiliated with credible institutions of higher learning, which makes their research more reliable to include in the topic under review. Carayon P, Gurses AP. (2021). Nursing Workload and Patient Safety—A Human Factors Engineering Perspective. In: Hughes RG, editor. Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. Rockville (M.D.): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (U.S.); https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2657/ The topic under review is about supply and demand in the workforce of nurses, and the article under review contributes to the topic through its research that highlights the topic of nursing workload and patient safety, which is a concern related to supply and demand of nurses with the shortage of nurses worsening the level of patient safety. The article reiterates the issue of imbalance in nursing workforce supply and demand, “Although not as strong, some evidence exists regarding the impact of nurse staffing levels on failure to rescue (death within 30 days among patients who had complications) and mortality”. Thus, the nursing workforce's low supply and high demand impact patient safety in various ways, as highlighted by Carayon & 7 Gurse (2021). Also, the authors' affiliation with the school of public health makes the article credible for inclusion in this research. Rosenberg, K. (2019). R.N. Shortages Negatively Impact Patient Safety. American Journal of Nursing 119(3):51. DOI:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000554040.98991.23 Concerning the topic of supply and demand in the workforce of nurses, Rosenberg (2019), through the article, highlights some of the ways the problem of nursing shortage impacts the safety of patients. The salient quote from the article likely to cite is the indication that “Lower levels of R.N. staffing increase the risk of death during a hospital stay." The article is peerreviewed, and the author is affiliated with a recognized institution makes the source credible for use in the research under review. The risks directed to patients in the cases of lower levels of registered nurses indicate how the lower supply of nurses accompanied by its high demand for services affects the safety of patients in a care setting. Carnevale, A. P., Smith, N., & Gulish, A. (2015). Nursing: Supply and demand through 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10822/1050292 The article makes a detailed analysis of the emerging and growing needs for qualified nurses. According to Carnevale et al. (2015), the United States economy strived to create about 1.6 million job openings for qualified nurses through 2020. The article, therefore, articulates fundamental statistics regarding the demand and supply of nurses. Despite the measures taken by the government to raise the overall number of nurses, there will not be adequate nursing professionals to fill the established openings. The study conducted by Carnevale et al. (2015) projects that nursing professionals will face a shortfall of about 200,00 nursing experts by the year 2020. However, one of the interesting findings of this article is that recruitment has become 8 less of a problem in recent years, given that the vast majority of youths are interested in entering the nursing profession. Clarke, S. P. (2016). RN workforce update: Current and long-range forecast. Nursing Management, 47(11), 20-25. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.numa.0000502798.99305.10 Clarke (2016) examines the primary reasons why the predicted national Registered Nurse shortage never occurred. The article best elaborates significant insights regarding future staffing demands as the fundamental measure to address the shortage of nurses. Clarke (2016) asserts that, about two decades ago, there were projections that the national RN shortage would turn out to be a major crisis. Unfortunately, the predicted shortages did not emerge and are more or less unlikely to occur in the future. The question of demand and supply of the nursing workforce is grounded on the top measures that helped mitigate the projected shortage. Clarke (2016) explores the unfolding of the American RN workforce following the mass entrance into this profession. Other issues explored in this article include the accuracy of the current predictions regarding nurses' demand and supply as well as what such projections imply to the nurse managers. Haddad, L., Annamaraju, P., & Toney-Butler, T. (2020). Nursing Shortage. Statpearls Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493175/ The article explores the fundamental roles of nurses and the implications of nursing shortage to the healthcare system. According to Haddad et al. (2020), nurses constitute a critical component of healthcare because they make the biggest section of the health profession. The American Nurses Association has reported that more RN jobs will be available by 2020 than any other profession. Haddad et al. (2020) assert that about 11 million additional RNs will be needed in the quest to address their shortage. Over the past few decades, the shortage of nursing 9 professionals was heightened by a lack of adequate educators, a high turnover rate, and inequitable distribution of the nursing workforce. The article further explores the potential reasons for the nursing shortage that includes the aging workforce, nurse burnout, violence in the healthcare setting, just to mention a few. Rosseter, R. (2014). Nursing shortage. American Association of Colleges of Nursing. Retrieved from https://ic4n.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Nursing-ShortageFactsheet-2017.pdf Rosseter (2014) analyzes the projected shortage of nurses following the intensifying Baby Boomers age alongside immense growth of healthcare needs. In the quest to curb the projected shortage, nursing schools across the United States are struggling to expand the capacity in order to meet the rising demand for healthcare. Moreover, the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) has been at the forefront of collaborating and working with policymakers, schools, nursing-based organizations, and media to bring to the limelight this healthcare concern. Rosseter (2014) asserts that AACN is leveraging the available resources to identify strategies, shape legislation, and form effective collaborations necessary for addressing the shortage. Zhang, X., Tai, D., Pforsich, H., & Lin, V. W. (2018). The United States registered nurse workforce report card and shortage forecast: a revisit. American Journal of Medical Quality, 33(3), 229-236. https://doi.org/10.1177/1062860617738328 The article is essentially a reevaluation of the RN supply and demand from 2016 to 2030. According to Zhang et al. (2018), the study borrows information from the formerly published work forecast models as well as grading methodology with updated workforce information. 10 Zhang et al. (2018) assert that, by 2020, the nursing shortage was about 154,018. The population is expected to blow up to 510,394 RNs by the year 2030. One of the findings made in this article is that the South West Regions of the United States will have a relatively higher shortage ratio as compared with Midwest and Northeast regions. As such, it reflects about fifty percent improvement when compared to findings made by previous authors, given that states that were previously ranked as low-performing have shown great improvement. 11 References Carnevale, A. P., Smith, N., & Gulish, A. (2015). Nursing: Supply and demand through 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10822/1050292 Carayon P, Gurses AP. (2021). Nursing Workload and Patient Safety—A Human Factors Engineering Perspective. In: Hughes RG, editor. Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. Rockville (M.D.): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (U.S.); https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2657/ contributor to workplace violence in the public sector. Public Personnel Clarke, S. P. (2016). RN workforce update: Current and long-range forecast. Nursing Management, 47(11), 20-25. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.numa.0000502798.99305.10 Griffiths, P., Recio-Saucedo, A., Dall'Ora, C., Briggs, J., Mariotti, A., Meredith, P., Smith, G. B., Ball, J., & Missed Care Study Group (2018). The association between nurse staffing and omissions in nursing care: A systematic review. Journal of advanced nursing, 74(7), 1474–1487. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13564 Haddad LM, Annamaraju P, Toney-Butler TJ. (2020). Nursing Shortage. StatPearls, Treasure Island (F.L.): StatPearls Publishing; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493175/ Kondrasuk, J. N., Moore, H. L., & Wang, H. (2001). Negligent hiring: The emerging Management, 30(2), 185. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=74623315&Fmt=2&clientId=20655&RQT=309&V Name=PQD 12 Martiniano, R.P. (2010). Understanding the Supply and Distribution of Registered Nurses, Where Are the Data, and What Can They Tell Us? Annual Review of Griffith Nursing Research 28(1); 43-61 DOI:10.1891/0739-6686.28.43 Mehdaova, E.A. (2017). Strategies to Overcome the Nursing Shortage, Walden Dissertation, and Doctoral Studies. Nirel, N., Grinstien-Cohen, O., Eyal, Y., Samuel, H., & Ben-Shoham, A. (2015). Models for projecting supply and demand for nurses in Israel. Israel Journal of health policy research, 4, 46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13584-015-0043-6 Rosenberg, K. (2019). R.N. Shortages Negatively Impact Patient Safety. American Journal of Nursing 119(3):51. DOI:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000554040.98991.23 Rosseter, R. (2014). Nursing shortage. American Association of Colleges of Nursing. Retrieved from https://ic4n.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Nursing-Shortage-Factsheet-2017.pdf Smith, S. J. (2002). Workplace violence. Professional Safety, 47(11), 34. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=239545531&Fmt=2&clientId=20655&RQT=309& VName=PQD Tamata, T.A., Mohammednezhad, M. Tamani, L. (2021). Registered nurses’ perceptions on the factors affecting nursing shortage in the Republic of Vanuatu Hospitals: A qualitative study. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251890 Zhang, X., Tai, D., Pforsich, H., & Lin, V. W. (2018). The United States registered nurse workforce report card and shortage forecast: a revisit. American Journal of Medical Quality, 33(3), 229-236. https://doi.org/10.1177/1062860617738328 13
Purchase answer to see full attachment