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please do the problem number 7-63 attached.

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Notes:Dividend is assumed as not a qualified dividend.Interest on credit cards is not allowed as itemized deductions. 3. Assumed that Jones family has full year health coverage for the year.

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Unit 4 Study Guide Questions
These questions are provided to guide your study. If changes are made, a revised file will
be posted and you will be notified. The questions are listed in the approximate order of
coverage of the material in lecture, and therefore serve as a basic outline of the unit. Answer
these questions in an outline format before the appropriate lecture, then revisit each question
after lecture to provide a complete response. You should study your notes from lecture and
lab, the sections of your text assigned for the unit, and other scholarly sources as needed to
fully respond to each of these questions, and you should revisit each question at the end of the
unit to be sure you incorporate all the information presented. While you may begin by looking
up a definition or a single phrase/sentence response to each question, this alone will not be
sufficient. At the end of your study of the unit, you should be able to write a short paragraph in
response to each question without reference to any sources.
Check the lecture schedule in the full syllabus (posted on Blackboard) for text reading
assignments for Unit 4
Cell Cycle and Mitosis
1. Why do cells reproduce (divide)? Do all cells undergo cell division?
2. What is binary fission?
3. What is the eukaryotic cell cycle?
4. Give the macromolecule components of chromatin and chromosomes. When does chromatin
take the form of chromosomes? Why is this necessary?
5. Differentiate between somatic cells and gametes. How many chromosomes do human
somatic cells have? How many chromosomes do human gametes have?
6. What happens to DNA as the cell progresses through the cell cycle?
7. What exactly is “mitosis”? Distinguish between mitosis (aka karyokinesis) and cytokinesis.
8. Name the three subphases of interphase and summarize what happens in each.
9. Draw and label a replicated chromosome. Define centromere and sister chromatids.
10. Draw the phases of mitosis. Label each stage and explain the most important events that occur
in each stage.
11. Explain how cytokinesis differs in plant and animal cells.

Regulation of the Cell Cycle
12. What is a cell cycle checkpoint? Describe the major checkpoints in the cycle including when
each occurs.
13. Describe quiescence and give some examples of quiescent cells in your body.

1

14. What is apoptosis and why might it occur?
15. What is cellular senescence?
16. What influences whether or not a cell will continue to divide?
17. What happens if the cell cycle is NOT properly controlled? Differentiate between benign and
malignant (cancerous) tumors.
18. What are proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (what is their normal function)? How
are these genes and their functions altered in cancer cells?
19. Describe factors that can increase one’s cancer risk.

Meiosis and Gamete Production
20. Distinguish between a gene and a chromosome. Describe what a karyotype is and what it is
used for.
21. Describe the human life cycle. Include the following terms in your description: ovaries,
testes, meiosis, gametes, haploid, fertilization, zygote, diploid, and multicellular adult.
22. What is meiotic cell division (aka meiosis)? Define meiosis using the terms diploid and haploid.
Is meiosis happening in your body now? If yes, in which tissue or organ?
23. What is the meaning of the terms haploid and diploid? Define these in terms of homologous
chromosomes. Are somatic cells haploid or diploid? Are gametes haploid or diploid?
24. What are homologous chromosomes? How many pairs of homologous chromosomes are
present in your body cells? How many of these are “autosomal” chromosomes? How many of
these are sex chromosomes? Distinguish between autosomal chromosomes and sex
chromosomes.
25. Does the presence of homologous chromosome pairs depend on DNA replication?
26. Draw the phases of meiosis. Label each stage and explain the most important events that occur
in each stage. Focus on events that contribute to the distribution of the DNA to the daughter
cells. What is separated in the first meiotic division? What is separated in the second meiotic
division? Is meiosis a cycle? Explain.
27. What is a tetrad? Why is it so central to meiotic division? Do tetrads also occur in mitosis?
28...


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