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Christopher Hawthorne
Professor Jeffery Gardner
18, April, 2017
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Table of content
1.0…………………………………………………………………………………Introduction
1.1…………………………………………………………………………………Body
1.1.0……………………………………………………………Islamic ideology
1.1.1……………………………………………………………To take over the world
1.1.2……………………………………………………………Financial institution
1.2…………………………………………………………………………………Conclusion
1.3…………………………………………………………………………………reference
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1.0 introduction
Following the recent missile attack by the US that was targeting the ISIS, my focus will
be on the possibility of ISIS revenging; they are a bunch of savages.
ISIS is an abbreviation of Islamic States of Iraqi and Syria. It is an unrecognized pro-state
militant group and is considered one of the most successful to have existed. It originated from
Jama ‘at al Tawhid that took part in the Iraqi insurgency and proclaimed itself a worldwide
caliphate. Many countries with UN among them refer to this group as a terrorist group. The
group is highly destructive and is known for video beheadings of its prisoners. ISIS has
bureaucratic hierarchy of leaders. The groups’ territories include oil fields that is a major source
of income.
Though the adoption of the name Islamic states has been greatly criticized, the group
claims authority over all Muslims across the world.
The group is believed to be fully operational in over 18 countries and is seemingly
growing to other countries.
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1.1 body
Islamic States ideology is the establishment of a theological empire also known as the
Caliphate to be ruled by a single political and religious leader according to Sharia; the Islamic
law. ISIS can be traced back to 2003 when US among other Nations successfully killed Saddam
Hussein whose regime was full of war against humanity.
Their main objective to taking over the world is to influence people mainly youth into
joining them to help them expand and grow stronger. They want a global leader and they believe
the only way to come to this is through a global war. They teach extremism and influence their
prey such that they lose their minds; they are taught that if they die in that path of seeking the
truth, they shall enter paradise.
Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi is deemed to be the leader of this pro-militia group. The figure is
quite shadowy and little is known about him. Though there are claims that he studied at various
courses at certain universities within Iraq and that he later taught as a lecturer, none of this has
yet been clarified.
Islamic states are known for exploiting the area around them as a means of acquiring
funds to enhance their operations. They control financial institutions, tax and oil. Exporting of oil
from oil fields captured by Islamic states earns them a fortune since it is estimated to earn over
US$1 million a day. This is believed to be one of the greatest means of making money. They are
also believed to taking captives and asking for ransoms in exchange for their freedom. In this
case they just don’t kidnap everybody but rather relatives of tycoons who can be able to raise the
crazy amount of cash they ask for. Some countries and individuals are also believed to making
donations to this ruthless group with Qatar being in the spotlight. It was believed that the group
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acquired a lot of wealth when it captured Mosul through looting. Sale of antiques and artifacts is
believed to be the second largest source of income. This is because they looted a grand palace
and smuggled the treasure to other countries for sale.
The US has constantly been coming into the way of the ISIS achieving their ultimate goal
which is to rule the world with the sharia law put in place. Recently on April 3rd US launched a
missile that was targeting the ISIS that saw them loose some of their men and weapons. In Iraq
the US has been supporting the government in the war against this group and they lost quite a
number of wars hence lost some of their territories to the government and the US forces. They
must be very bitter and I believe that they will soon hit back at the US who are seemingly getting
into their way.
Firstly, there is a very high possibility of US being massively hit bearing in mind that
Trump doesn’t seem to be cooperating with countries like Iran, Russia and Syria itself. Unlike
the former presidents, Trumps regime might be a little different because he works his way. The
United States can never go it alone and win this war unless they add more troops to their forces
and invest heavily on it at the same time and this might not be easy. Trump’s relation with other
countries might make ISIS come out strong since some of them might start turning their backs on
US and supporting ISIS. Trump is known for his famous radical phrase ‘Islam hates us’ thus his
war seems to be directly on Muslims rather than the terrorist groups. This poses a great danger to
the US since the angered Muslim nations can opt to support ISIS to fire back.
Secondly, Islamic state might not physically come and attack the United State but rather
some of its supporters within the US might slowly revenge, Trump’s relation with the local
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Muslims has never been good hence the likelihood of having a few haters is a real thing. He
seems to be promoting radicalism among his citizens and that comes with many problems.
Thirdly, the Islamic States might opt to take US citizens who travel to other countries as
tourists or even researchers their captives. It’s not the best alternative but this will hurt US
directly.
ISIS is known to possess chemical weapons; ISIS has attacked civilians with the
chemical and killed hundreds. They are also known to possess vast number of assault and battle
riffles, sniper rifles, machine guns, pistols, explosives and anti-tank weapons and anti-aircraft
launchers, towed artillery, tanks and armored fighting vehicles, artillery, aircraft and watercraft.
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1.2 Conclusion
The chances of the US being attacked by the ISIS are generally very high. Considering
that the US president hasn’t been cooperating with other nations it might not receive the support
it requires in the war against this ruthless group.
Secondly presidents Trump belief that Muslims are the countries enemies might just be
another trouble. Since his inauguration he has raised a new travel ban that blocks migrants from
many Islamic countries. This brings hatred and thus may lead them encourage and help ISIS
attack US.
To win this battle the United States must ensure good relation with other countries like
Russia, Iran and Syria. The president must also ensure he wins local Muslims loyalty. In so
doing they will easily win the battle since by having a good relation with those countries they
will get to know a lot about the enemy. Once the enemy is known inside out it is quite easy to
deal with them effectively.
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1.3 reference
Adan Suleiman, (June 26th 2014) inside the Middle East Retrieved from
http//:www.christianpost.com
Christian Morison (May 2015) The Sun magazine about the Middle East, Retrieved from
http//:www.thesun.com
Amanpor (December 2014) CNN, inside the Middle East; ISIS, Retrieved from
http//:www.cnn.com
Edgar Owen, (January 20th 2015) The National Magazine, Retrieved from
http//:www.crethiplethi.com
Thank you for your work on this midterm paper. Your assignment was to select a terrorist
organization likely to conduct a terrorist attack in the U.S. and complete an in-depth profile on
the organization in 5-7 pages. Your task was to explain the organization’s origins, ideology,
goals & objectives, leadership, funding, and capabilities and describe how you envision this
group actually conducting an attack within the United States, such as the known and suspected
weapons/lethal agents and delivery methods, and the tactics, techniques and procedures that they
may use in conducting the attack within the U.S. homeland. Below is your grade breakdown and
some comments are also included within your paper using GRADEMARK (see below). Make
sure you incorporate my input into your future papers. Your paper was graded based on the
SSGS grading rubric for 300-400 level courses as follows:
17/20 Focus/Thesis
16/20 Content/Subject Knowledge
18/20 Critical Thinking Skills
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15/20 Organization of Ideas/Format
16/20 Writing Conventions
Final Grade: 82
You can view my comments/corrections directly on your paper in grademark. Click on the
percentage % number next to your paper file where it is green, yellow, or red. Your paper will
open in turnitin. In the upper left you’ll see ORIGINALITY in red, GRADEMARK, and
PEERMARK. Click GRADEMARK and then your paper will open and you can scroll down
(The tab will turn blue once you click on it). Hover your mouse over the blue bubbles to read the
full comments I made.
WEEK 2: INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY
ORGANIZATION
Lesson
Last week we explored the relatively short history that the United States has of intelligence being
a key component of national security. However, even in that short history several changes have
taken place. Since the events of September 11, 2001 there has been a significant reorganization
of the intelligence leadership and capabilities at the federal level. The primary purpose of the
reorganization was to improve critical shortfalls in communication efforts and information sharing
that were identified within the 9/11 Commission Report. (U.S. National Commission on Terrorist
Attacks Upon the United States, The 9/11 Commission Report (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 2004), pp.
399, 411.)
The two most notable changes that occurred were:
1.
2.
The Homeland Security Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-296), which formally created the
Department of Homeland Security (DHS); and (U.S. Congress. House of Representatives.
Select Committee on Homeland Security. Homeland Security Act of 2002, 107th Cong., 2d
sess., 2002. HR Rep. 107-609, pt. 1.)
The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (P.L 108-458), which
created the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) (Intelligence
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003, Public Law 107–306, 107th Congress (November
27, 2002).
Prior to these events there was not a cabinet level department that had specific responsibility to
unify and execute all homeland security initiatives and the director of the Central Intelligence
Agency (CIA) was the U.S director of intelligence. With the passages of these two acts DHS is now
charged with safeguarding the country against acts of terrorism and the director of ODNI serves
as the director of national intelligence (DNI).
INTELLIGENCE TIMELINE
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•
•
•
•
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1947-2004: CIA Director is U.S. Director of Intel
events of 2001
9/11 Report
HLSAct 2002
DHS Opens its Doors (2003)
Intel Act 2003
ODNI established
Lead of ODNI is DNI
Currently in the United States, the intelligence community (IC) is comprised of 17 entities,
including ODNI who is the lead for all of the IC and ensures seamless intelligence integration.
Each of the 16 organizations function under their own directives; however, they also collectively
work together to ensure the security of the country. (An Overview of the United States
Intelligence Community for the 111th Congress (2009), http://www.dni.gov/overview.pdf)
The following descriptions of the IC are based on direct excerpts from the Office of the Director of
National Intelligence’s webpage.
Office of the Director of National Intelligence
The Director of National Intelligence serves as the head of the Intelligence Community, overseeing
and directing the implementation of the National Intelligence Program and acting as the principal
advisor to the President, the National Security Council, and the Homeland Security Council for
intelligence matters related to national security.
Working together with the Principal Deputy DNI and with the assistance of Mission Managers and
Deputy Directors, the Office of the DNI's goal is to effectively integrate foreign, military and
domestic intelligence in defense of the homeland and of United States interests abroad.
With this goal in mind, Congress provided the DNI with a number of authorities and duties, as
outlined in the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 including to:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ensure that timely and objective national intelligence is provided to the President, the
heads of departments and agencies of the executive branch; the Chairman of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff and senior military commanders; and the Congress.
Establish objectives and priorities for collection, analysis, production, and dissemination of
national intelligence.
Ensure maximum availability of and access to intelligence information within the
Intelligence Community.
Develop and ensure the execution of an annual budget for the National Intelligence
program based on budget proposals provided by IC component organizations.
Oversee coordination of relationships with the intelligence or security services of foreign
governments and international organizations.
Ensure the most accurate analysis of intelligence is derived from all sources to support
national security needs.
Develop personnel policies and programs to enhance the capacity for joint operations and
to facilitate staffing of community management functions.
Oversee the development and implementation of a program management plan for acquisition of
major systems, doing so jointly with the Secretary of Defense for DOD programs, that includes
cost, schedule, and performance goals and program milestone criteria.
Air force Intelligence
The U.S. Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (USAF ISR) Enterprise is
America's leading provider of finished intelligence derived from airborne, space, and cyberspace
sensors. The USAF ISR Enterprise delivers decision advantage in order to enable commanders to
achieve kinetic and non-kinetic effects on targets anywhere on the globe in support of national,
strategic, operational, and tactical requirements. The AF/A2 is the USAF's Senior Intelligence
Officer and is responsible for functional management of all Air Force global integrated ISR
capabilities, including oversight of planning, programming, and budgeting; developing and
implementing the Air Force policies and guidance for managing Air Force global integrated ISR
activities; and professional development, training, education, readiness, and deployment of
50,000 military and civilian United States Air Force intelligence personnel.
Army Intelligence
U.S. Army Intelligence (G-2) is responsible for policy formulation, planning, programming,
budgeting, management, staff supervision, evaluation, and oversight for intelligence activities for
the Department of the Army. The G-2 is responsible for the overall coordination of the five major
military intelligence (MI) disciplines within the Army: Imagery Intelligence, Signals Intelligence,
Human Intelligence, Measurement and Signature Intelligence, and Counterintelligence and
Security Countermeasures.
Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is responsible for providing national security intelligence to
senior U.S. policymakers. The CIA director is nominated by the president and confirmed by the
Senate. The director manages the operations, personnel and budget of the CIA and acts as the
National Human Source Intelligence manager. The CIA is separated into four basic components:
the National Clandestine Service, the Directorate of Intelligence, the Directorate of Science &
Technology, and the Directorate of Support. They carry out “the intelligence cycle,” the process of
collecting, analyzing, and disseminating intelligence information to top U.S. government officials.
Coast Guard Intelligence
The Coast Guard's broad responsibilities include protecting citizens from the sea (maritime safety),
protecting America from threats delivered by the sea (maritime security), and protecting the sea
itself (maritime stewardship). The Coast Guard's persistent presence in the maritime domain, due
to its diverse mission sets and broad legal authorities, allows it to fill a unique niche within the
Intelligence Community. Because of its unique access, emphasis, and expertise in the maritime
domain Coast Guard Intelligence can collect and report intelligence that not only supports Coast
Guard missions, but also supports national objectives. Coast Guard Intelligence strives to create
decision advantage to advance U.S. interests by providing timely, actionable, and relevant
intelligence to shape Coast Guard operations, planning, and decision-making, and to support
national and homeland security intelligence requirements.
The Coast Guard became a member of the Intelligence Community Dec. 28, 2001.
Defense Intelligence Agency
The Defense Intelligence Agency is a Department of Defense combat support agency. With more
than 16,500 military and civilian employees worldwide, DIA is a major producer and manager of
foreign military intelligence and provides military intelligence to warfighters, defense policymakers
and force planners, in the DOD and the Intelligence Community, in support of U.S. military
planning and operations and weapon systems acquisition. The DIA director serves as principal
adviser to the secretary of defense and to the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff on matters of
military intelligence. The director also chairs the Military Intelligence Board, which coordinates
activities of the defense intelligence community.
Department of Energy
The U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence is responsible for
the intelligence and counterintelligence activities throughout the DOE complex, including nearly 30
intelligence and counterintelligence offices nationwide. The mission is to protect, enable, and
represent the vast scientific brain trust resident in DOE's laboratories and plants. The office
protects vital national security information and technologies, representing intellectual property of
incalculable value, and provides unmatched scientific and technical expertise to the U.S.
government to respond to foreign intelligence, terrorist and cyber threats, to solve the hardest
problems associated with U.S. energy security, and to address a wide range of other national
security issues.
Department of Homeland Security
The Office of Intelligence and Analysis is responsible for using information and intelligence from
multiple sources to identify and assess current and future threats to the U.S. DHS Intelligence
focuses on four strategic areas: Promote understanding of threats through intelligence analysis;
Collect information and intelligence pertinent to homeland security; Share information necessary
for action; and Manage intelligence for the homeland security enterprise. The Under Secretary for
I&A also serves as DHS’ chief intelligence officer and is responsible to both the secretary of
Homeland Security and the director of National Intelligence.
Department of State
The Bureau of Intelligence and Research provides the Secretary of State with timely, objective
analysis of global developments as well as real-time insights from all-source intelligence. It serves
as the focal point within the Department of State for all policy issues and activities involving the
Intelligence Community. The INR Assistant Secretary reports directly to the Secretary of State and
serves as the Secretary's principal adviser on all intelligence matters. INR's expert, independent
foreign affairs analysts draw on all-source intelligence, diplomatic reporting, INR's public opinion
polling, and interaction with U.S. and foreign scholars. Their strong regional and functional
backgrounds allow them to respond rapidly to changing policy priorities and to provide early
warning and in-depth analysis of events and trends that affect U.S. foreign policy and national
security interests.
Department of the Treasury
The Office of Intelligence and Analysis was established by the Intelligence Authorization Act for
fiscal 2004. OIA is responsible for the receipt, analysis, collation, and dissemination of foreign
intelligence and foreign counterintelligence information related to the operation and
responsibilities of the Department of the Treasury. OIA is a component of the U.S. Department of
the Treasury’s Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence (TFI). TFI marshals the Department’s
intelligence and enforcement functions with the twin aims of safeguarding the financial system
against illicit use and combating rogue nations, terrorist facilitators, weapons of mass destruction
proliferators, money launderers, drug kingpins, and other national security threats.
Drug Enforcement Administration
The Drug Enforcement Administration is responsible for enforcing the controlled substance laws
and regulations of the United States. DEA’s Office of National Security Intelligence (ONSI) became
a member of the IC in 2006. ONSI facilitates full and appropriate intelligence coordination and
information sharing with other members of the U.S. Intelligence Community and homeland
security elements. Its goal is to enhance the U.S.’s efforts to reduce the supply of drugs, protect
national security, and combat global terrorism. DEA has 21 field divisions in the U.S. and more
than 80 offices in more than 60 countries worldwide.
Federal Bureau of Investigation
The FBI, as an intelligence and law enforcement agency, is responsible for understanding threats
to our national security and penetrating national and transnational networks that have a desire
and capability to harm the U.S. The National Security Branch was established in response to a
presidential directive and Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission recommendation to establish
a National Security Service that combines the missions, capabilities, and resources of the FBI’s
counterterrorism, counterintelligence, and intelligence elements under the leadership of a senior
FBI official. In July 2006, the NSB created the WMD Directorate to integrate components
previously distributed throughout the FBI. The NSB also includes the Terrorist Screening Center,
which provides crucial, actionable intelligence to state and local law enforcement, and the HighValue Detainee Interrogation Group, an interagency body that collects intelligence from key terror
suspects to prevent attacks against the U.S. and its allies.
Marine Corps Intelligence
The U.S. Marine Corps produces tactical and operational intelligence for battlefield support. Its IC
component is comprised of all intelligence professionals in the Marine Corps responsible for policy,
plans, programming, budgets, and staff supervision of intelligence and supporting activities within
the USMC. The department supports the commandant of the Marine Corps in his role as a member
of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, represents the service in Joint and Intelligence Community matters,
and exercises supervision over the Marine Corps Intelligence Activity. The department has service
staff responsibility for geospatial intelligence, advanced geospatial intelligence, signals intelligence,
human intelligence, counterintelligence, and ensures there is a single synchronized strategy for
the development of the Marine Corps Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Enterprise.
The Marine Corps' director of intelligence is the commandant's principal intelligence staff officer
and the functional manager for intelligence, counterintelligence, and cryptologic matters.
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency provides timely, relevant, and accurate geospatial
intelligence in support of national security objectives. Information collected and processed by NGA
is tailored for customer-specific solutions. By giving customers ready access to geospatial
intelligence, NGA provides support to civilian and military leaders and contributes to the state of
readiness of U.S. military forces. NGA also contributes to humanitarian efforts such as tracking
floods and fires, and in peacekeeping. NGA is a Department of Defense Combat Support Agency.
Headquartered in Springfield, Va., NGA operates major facilities in the St. Louis, Mo. and
Washington, D.C. areas. The agency also fields support teams worldwide.
National Reconnaissance Office
The National Reconnaissance Office designs, builds and operates the nation's reconnaissance
satellites. NRO products, provided to an expanding list of customers like the Central Intelligence
Agency and the Department of Defense, can warn of potential trouble spots around the world, help
plan military operations, and monitor the environment. As part of the Intelligence Community, the
NRO plays a primary role in achieving information superiority for the U.S. Government and Armed
Forces. A DOD agency, the NRO is staffed by DOD and CIA personnel. It is funded through the
National Reconnaissance Program, part of the National Foreign Intelligence Program.
National Security Agency/Central Security Agency
The National Security Agency/Central Security Service is the nation's cryptologic organization that
coordinates, directs, and performs highly specialized activities to protect U.S. information systems
and to produce foreign signals intelligence information. A high-technology organization, NSA is at
the forefront of communications and information technology. NSA is also one of the most
important centers of foreign language analysis and research within the U.S. government and is
said to be the largest employer of mathematicians in the United States and perhaps the world.
Founded in 1952, NSA is part of the Department of Defense and a member of the U.S. Intelligence
Community. The Agency supports military customers, national policymakers, and the
counterterrorism and counterintelligence communities, as well as key international allies. Its
workforce represents an unusual combination of specialties: analysts, engineers, physicists,
mathematicians, linguists, computer scientists, researchers, as well as customer relations
specialists, security officers, data flow experts, managers, administrative officers and clerical
assistants.
Navy Intelligence
The Office of Naval Intelligence is the leading provider of maritime intelligence to the U.S. Navy
and joint warfighting forces, as well national decision makers and other consumers in the
Intelligence Community. Established in 1882, ONI specializes in the analysis, production and
dissemination of vital, timely and accurate scientific, technical, geopolitical and military
intelligence information to key consumers worldwide. ONI employs more than 3,000 military,
civilian, mobilized reservists and contractor personnel worldwide, including analysts, scientists,
engineers, specialists and technicians. While ONI is the largest Naval Intelligence organization with
the largest concentration of Naval Intelligence civilians, most of Naval Intelligence is comprises
active duty military personnel, serving throughout the world.
Conclusion
Unlike some other nations, the U.S. does not have a dedicated domestic intelligence agency,
however the design of the IC helps to ensure that information sharing occurs.
WEEK 5: INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION
Lesson
By now you should have a strong understanding of the history of intelligence in the U.S.; how the
intelligence community functions; how intelligence is produced; and the role of local, state and the
federal governments in intelligence activities. But, you may still be wondering where does all the
information that these entities collect actually come from. And, just as importantly, how is this
information obtained.
In lesson three, we learned about the intelligence process and used the five-phase cycle to examine
the various steps. As you recall, in the process, phase two is the collection phase. We briefly also
identified and defined the six basic sources of information. These are referred to as “intelligence
collection disciples” or the “INTs”
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Human Intelligence (HUMINT)
Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) derived from all communications intelligence (COMINT),
electronic intelligence (ELINT), or foreign instrumentation signals intelligence (FISINT).
Imagery Intelligence (IMINT) / Geospatial intelligence (GEOINT)
Measurement and Signatures Intelligence (MASINT)
Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT)
These disciplines are the sources of all the information that is collected to produce intelligence
products. Remember, it is a bit of a misperception that secret “movie-like” missions collect all
information. While it is true that some is indeed collected in the more classic “spy” type way; a great
deal of information is collected by looking at sources that everyone can access.
For the purposes of this class, we will use the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI’s) explanations
of the first five INTs, which include a high level discussion of which members of the IC use the those
INTs. The description of the last INT, GEOINT, remains the same as lesson three and is provided by
the CIA.
Human Intelligence (HUMINT) is the collection of information from human sources. The collection
may be done openly. For example: when FBI agents interview witnesses or suspects, or it may be
done through clandestine or covert means (espionage). Within the United States, HUMINT collection
is the FBI’s responsibility. Beyond U.S. borders, HUMINT is generally collected by the CIA, but also
by other U.S. components abroad.
Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) refers to electronic transmissions that can be collected by ships,
planes, ground sites, or satellites. Communications Intelligence (COMINT) is a type of SIGINT and
refers to the interception of communications between two parties and includes electronic intelligence
(ELINT) and foreign instrumentation signals intelligence (FISINT). U.S. SIGINT satellites are
designed and built by the National Reconnaissance Office, although conducting U.S. signals
intelligence activities is primarily the responsibility of the National Security Agency (NSA).
Imagery Intelligence (IMINT) is sometimes also referred to as photo intelligence (PHOTINT). One
of the earliest forms of IMINT took place during the Civil War, when soldiers were sent up in balloons
to gather intelligence about their surroundings. IMINT was practiced to a greater extent in World
Wars I and II when both sides took photographs from airplanes. Today, the National Reconnaissance
Office designs, builds, and operates imagery satellites, while the National Geospatial-Intelligence
Agency is largely responsible for processing and using the imagery.
Measurement and Signatures Intelligence (MASINT) is a relatively little-known collection
discipline that concerns weapons capabilities and industrial activities. MASINT includes the advanced
processing and use of data gathered from overhead and airborne IMINT and SIGINT collection
systems. Telemetry Intelligence (TELINT) is sometimes used to indicate data relayed by weapons
during tests, while electronic intelligence (ELINT) can indicate electronic emissions picked up from
modern weapons and tracking systems. Both TELINT and ELINT can be types of SIGINT and
contribute to MASINT. The Defense Intelligence Agency’s Central MASINT Office (CMO), is the
principal user of MASINT data. Measurement and Signatures Intelligence has become increasingly
important due to growing concern about the existence and spread of weapons of mass destruction.
MASINT can be used, for example, to help identify chemical weapons or pinpoint the specific features
of unknown weapons systems. The FBI’s extensive forensic work is a type of MASINT. The FBI
Laboratory’s Chem-Bio Sciences Unit, for example, provides analysis to detect traces of chemical,
biological, or nuclear materials to support the prevention, investigation, and prosecution of terrorist
activities.
Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) refers to a broad array of information and sources that are
generally available, including information obtained from the media (newspapers, radio, television,
etc.), professional and academic records (papers, conferences, professional associations, etc.), and
public data (government reports, demographics, hearings, speeches, etc.). Unlike the other INTs,
open-source intelligence is not the responsibility of any one agency, but instead is collected by the
entire USIC. One advantage of OSINT is its accessibility, although the sheer amount of available
information can make it difficult to know what is of value. Determining the data’s source and its
reliability can also be complicated. OSINT data therefore still requires review and analysis to be of
use to policymakers.
Geospatial intelligence (GEOINT) is the analysis and visual representation of security related
activities on the earth. It is produced through and integration of imagery, imagery intelligence, and
geospatial information. Some example applications include the analysis of multi-spectral images and
even change detection (like when earth/dirt has been disturbed).
It is important to keep in mind a few key points about collection. Often in the field of intelligence you
will hear a great deal of discussion about “connecting the dots” meaning putting all the pieces of
information together to yield a usable end product or action. However, this is not what collections is
about. Collections literally means collecting the information OR collecting “the dots”. The next phases
of the intelligence cycle process and analyze the collected information, which is connecting the dots
(Norwitz 2010).
References
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Retrieved from
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/additional-publications/the-work-of-a-nation/work-of-thecia.html
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/intelligence/disciplines
Norwitz, J. (2010). Disrupting human networks: Ancient tools for modern challenges. In Homeland
Security and Intelligence, edited by Logan, K. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger Security International.
Retrieved from
http://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?url=http://psi.praeger.com/doc.aspx?d=/books/gpg/C9095C/C9095C1079.xml
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