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Research & Summaries Question

Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Course Name
Professor’s Name
Date

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Research & Summaries Question
Abstract
Lack of information about health standards and Ministry of Health regulations and a lack
of defined laws have historically resulted in morbidity and mortality. In 1984, two examples
exemplified this concern. A fatal uterine rupture occurred due to a husband's refusal to allow the
medical team to perform a cesarean section on his wife during obstructed labor. At the same
time, a patient in need of urgent hemodialysis was delayed for seven hours while the medical
team waited for the husband's consent. These stories demonstrate the critical significance of
debunking prevalent fallacies regarding women's consent to medical care (Al-Saeed, 2010). This
includes the freedom to refuse surgery, notably a cesarean section, as specified in Article 60 of
the Hospital Management and Medical By-Laws. It indicates that written consent must be sought
(permitting anesthetic or surgical operations) and that a woman is legally responsible for herself
and must be requested for authorization.
In Saudi Arabia, patients' health rights are barely recognized, and many healthcare
practitioners are unaware of the treaties and legislation enacted to protect these rights, resulting
in substandard care. Inadequate knowledge of these health issues contributes to misperceptions
and a poor image of Islam and Saudi Arabia. Family members have a critical role in inpatient
treatment, and women frequently outsource decisions to their father, husband, or even the doctor,
assuming they are more knowledgeable. Another significant issue in the conservative community
is female patients' preference for female doctors, particularly when it comes to breast or
gynecological issues. This is due to patients' or families' ignorance that Islam does not preclude
examination by a doctor of the opposite sex in certain circumstances; thus, female patients
should be empowered in this regard. 8 Given medical students' and healthcare practitioners'

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ignorance of patients' health rights and the resulting morbidity and mortality, it is critical that we
enhance our teaching curriculum.
Additionally, this is an appropriate opportunity to explore health empowerment and
health rights. This will empower medical students, who will become our community's future
doctors and citizens. This effort should begin with the pre-clinical years, incorporating Ministry
of Health laws and regulations. Additionally, we feel that health rights should be included in
male and female high school curricula to improve social awareness and health empowerment
(Al-Saeed, 2010).

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Table of Contents
1. Definitions.............................................................................................................................
2. Rights of Patients and their Families....................................................................................
3. Rights of Paediatric Patients.................................................................................................
4. Rights of Elderly Patients......................................................................................................
5. Rights of Disabled Patients...................................................................................................
6. Rights of Cancer Patients......................................................................................................
7. Rights of Psychiatric Patients...............................................................................................
8. Health Rights of Women......................................................................................................
9. Rights of the Companions....................................................................................................
10. Rights of Visitors...................................................................................................................
11. Rights of Patients and their Family from Companions.........................................................
12. Responsibilities of Visitors...................................................................................................
Rights of Patients in the Department of:
13. Reception..............................................................................................................................
14. Laboratory.............................................................................................................................
15. Pharmacy............................................................................................................................
16. Radiology..............................................................................................................................
17. Clinics....................................................................................................................................
18. Private Facilities...................................................................................................................

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Introduction
A fundamental human right is a right to health. Articles 27 and 31 of the Saudi Basic
Laws protect the right to health treatment, and the Ministry of Health published a Patient's Bill of
Rights (PBR) in 2006. A patient's bill of rights is a collection of protections for those receiving
medical care. Legislation or a non-binding statement could be used to accomplish this. A
patient's bill of rights frequently assures, among other things, access to information, equitable
treatment, and autonomy over medical decisions. Individuals, societies, and organizations
acquire control over their most pressing challenges through empowerment. This procedure
strengthens an individual or a group economically, politically, socially, educationally, or
spiritually. Patient empowerment led to improved health outcomes, including increased decisionmaking power, autonomy in making choices and accepting responsibility, increased trust in
relationships, informed choice, and an enhanced quality of life (Al-Saeed, 2010).
Additionally, empowerment is critical for promoting health, evaluating health issues, and
developing strategic plans for healthcare improvement. Health care is a fundamental right.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), everyone has the right to good health. The
Saudi Basic Laws' Articles 27 and 31 establish an individual's right to health care, emphasizing
the provision of health care to all persons in the event of an emergency, disease, disability, or old
age. In 2006, the Ministry of Health released a Public Health Report (PBR) that incorporated
these health rights into its policies and procedures manual and quarterly circulars. The unit's
objectives were numerous, including educating health care providers about the rules and
regulations governing patients' health rights, educating medical students about the PBR, and
increasing community awareness, particularly among women, about their health rights and the
Islamic rules and regulations governing medical issues in the modern and developed era. This

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subject has been added to the undergraduate medical curriculum, and a study to determine the
impact of the new curriculum is presently underway (Al-Saeed, 2010).
Definitions
A patient's bill of rights is a collection of protections for those receiving medical care.
Legislation or a non-binding statement could be used to accomplish this. A patient's bill of rights
frequently assures, among other things, access to information, equitable treatment, and autonomy
over medical decisions. Before undergoing potentially hazardous therapy, patients have the right
to informed consent. Physicians should thoroughly explain the dangers associated with the
treatment and only deliver it with the patient's written permission. Doctors should maintain strict
confidentiality on a patient's condition, except for potential public health threats. When a male
physician conducts a physical examination on a female patient, the latter has the right to be
followed during the treatment by another female.
Additionally, hospitals are responsible for protecting patient information from external
threats. Each competent adult has the right to refuse medical treatment they do not choose to
receive. This is a component of everyone's right to determine what happens to their bodies, and it
holds even if refusing treatment results in death. Physicians do not have complete discretion in
accepting or declining new patients. Because the bulk of medicine is regulated by federal law,
physicians are prohibited from refusing to take a patient based on ethnic, racial, or religious
grounds.
Rights of Patients and their Families
Despite comparatively high expenditure on healthcare, Saudi Arabia's health system is
highly centralized in its major cities, with a strong emphasis on secondary and tertiary care rather
than primary care. As a result, healthcare providers are confronted with a slew of ethical

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dilemmas. This article summarizes the outcomes of a poll done in Saudi Arabia among
practitioners and non-clinicians to determine the top ten ethical difficulties confronting
healthcare providers, patients, and their families. Family involvement is a critical component of
patient-centered care since it affects the quality of therapy and patient outcomes (Al-Saeed,
2010). Our objective was to create a patient- and family-centered communication paradigm and
relevant to extended family societies. A multidisciplinary team was organized to undertake a
situational analysis and examine family participation trends in our patient population.
Additionally, concerns voiced by patients were investigated to identify if any
communication gaps existed with families. The team proposed an improvement in
communication to make it easier for the patient's family to engage in their care. A
communication strategy was established that placed the patient first while also involving the
family by identifying the family member with the most responsibility. Mandatory points of
communication were based on ensuring structured, quantifiable involvement. The technique
simplifies communication with family members while maintaining patients' rights and autonomy.
The proposed communication paradigm recognizes the critical nature of structured family
communication. The team expects it to be well received by patients and tested in the pilot
deployment stage as the following step.
An increasing body of research explores the extent to which critical components of
patients' rights are being observed from the perspectives and perceptions of all stakeholders,
including patients and health care providers. Additionally, the effect of demographic,
environmental, socioeconomic, and cultural factors on the comprehension and execution of
patient rights has been investigated. Patients' rights are classified into two categories: those that
pertain to therapy and those that pertain to how they seek and receive treatment. 3 This

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comprises the rights to dignity, respect, integrity, safety, protection, and privacy, the security of
moral, cultural, and religious values, and the execution of appropriate prevention and healthcare
measures. Additionally, everyone has the right to receive information about health services and
how to utilize the best, the right to request information about one's health status, the right to be
informed about options for seeking alternative opinions, the right to refuse treatment, the right to
file a complaint, and the right to obtain informed consent, as well as the autonomy, privacy, and
confidentiality of patients. According to a declaration on promoting patients ' rights in Europe,
the bill of rights for patients must be exhibited in a public area (Al-Saeed, 2010).
Prior investigations took privacy and patient confidentiality into account. These...