Chapter Four (3500812)
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psi
what pressure does this produce on the air in the pump?
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N
Total
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tank inside a water heater if the area of the top is 0.9 m2? (Ignore atmospheric pressure.)
0/2 points
(a) What is the statue's weight density?
lb/ft3
diamond
juniper wood
lead
iron
brass
(b) What substance is it, most likely?
m
of the water is the boat's bottom when it is floating in water?
0/1 points
OBInPhys7 4.P.002. [2178371]
OBInPhys7 4.P.028. [2185271]
OBInPhys7 4.P.030. [2182686]
A boat (with a flat bottom) and its cargo weigh 4,000 N. The area of the boat's bottom is 5 m2. How far below the surface
0/1 points
A small statue is recovered in an archaeological dig. Its weight is measured to be 44.1 lb and its volume 0.09 ft3.
OBInPhys7 4.P.008. [2182693]
The water in the plumbing in a house is at a gauge pressure of 280,000 Pa. What force does this cause on the top of the
OBInPhys7 4.P.004. [2182682]
A bicycle tire pump has a piston with area 0.40 in2. If a person exerts a force of 23 lb on the piston while inflating a tire,
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Points
Question
Current Score:
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5.
A rectangular block of ice with dimensions 3 m by 2 m by 0.2 m floats on water. A person weighing 830 N wants to stand
on the ice. Would the ice sink below the surface of the water?
Yes
No
6.
0/7 points
Describe the four phases of matter. Compare their external, observable properties.
Solids: (Select all that apply.)
OBInPhys7 4.Q.001. [2182658]
are generally good conductors of electricity and interact strongly with magnetic fields
can be compressed or squeezed into a smaller volume readily
flow readily, conforming to the shape of their container
have a welldefined boundary or surface
are rigid, and generally retain their shape unless distorted by a force
Liquids: (Select all that apply.)
are generally good conductors of electricity and interact strongly with magnetic fields
can be compressed or squeezed into a smaller volume readily
flow readily, conforming to the shape of their container
have a welldefined boundary or surface
are rigid, and generally retain their shape unless distorted by a force
Gases: (Select all that apply.)
are generally good conductors of electricity and interact strongly with magnetic fields
can be compressed or squeezed into a smaller volume readily
flow readily, conforming to the shape of their container
have a welldefined boundary or surface
are rigid, and generally retain their shape unless distorted by a force
Plasmas: (Select all that apply.)
are generally good conductors of electricity and interact strongly with magnetic fields
can be compressed or squeezed into a smaller volume readily
flow readily, conforming to the shape of their container
have a welldefined boundary or surface
are rigid, and generally retain their shape unless distorted by a force
Compare the nature of the forces between atoms or molecules (or both) in the solid, liquid, and gas phases.
Solids:
relative to the others but is always in contact with other atoms or molecules.
The attractive forces bind particles together, but not rigidly so; each atom or molecule can move about
The attractive forces between particles are too weak to bind them together; atoms or molecules move
about freely with high speed and are widely separated, only coming into contact when they collide.
can only vibrate.
The attractive forces are so strong that the atoms or molecules are rigidly bound to their neighbors and
7.
8.
0/1 points
can only vibrate.
The attractive forces are so strong that the atoms or molecules are rigidly bound to their neighbors and
about freely with high speed and are widely separated, only coming into contact when they collide.
The attractive forces between particles are too weak to bind them together; atoms or molecules move
relative to the others but is always in contact with other atoms or molecules.
The attractive forces bind particles together, but not rigidly so; each atom or molecule can move about
Liquids:
Gases:
relative to the others but is always in contact with other atoms or molecules.
The attractive forces bind particles together, but not rigidly so; each atom or molecule can move about
about freely with high speed and are widely separated, only coming into contact when they collide.
The attractive forces between particles are too weak to bind them together; atoms or molecules move
OBInPhys7 4.Q.006. [1981824]
OBInPhys7 4.Q.005. [1981499]
The attractive forces are so strong that the atoms or molecules are rigidly bound to their neighbors and
can only vibrate.
Why can gases be compressed much more readily than solids or liquids?
0/1 points
Suppose you are in the International Space Station in orbit around Earth, and a fellow astronaut gives you what appears to
be an inflated balloon. Describe how you could determine whether the balloon contains a gas, a liquid, or a solid.
9.
10.
0/1 points
OBInPhys7 4.Q.008. [2182651]
Why is it that a person can lay still on a "bed" of nails (see the figure below) without suffering any serious injuries but
would incur severe puncture wounds to his feet if he tried to stand barefoot on the same "bed"?
the pressure (force/unit area) on the person's skin is much less when lying down. Because the pressure is
The weight of a person lying still on a "bed" of nails is much less than the weight of a standing person, and so
much less when lying down, the nails do not puncture the skin.
standing, and so the force (pressure
✕
unit area) on the person's skin is much greater when lying down.
A person lying still on a "bed" of nails has his weight distributed over a much larger area than if he were
Because the upward force is much greater when lying down, the net force (weight − force from nails) is closer
to zero, and the nails do not puncture the skin.
force exerted by the air is much greater on a lying person than a standing person. Because the net force
A person lying still on a "bed" of nails takes up far more volume than a standing person, and so the buoyant
(weight − buoyant force) is much less, the pressure (force/unit area) is much less for a lying person, and the
nails do not puncture the skin.
OBInPhys7 4.Q.012. [1981628]
standing, and so the pressure (force/unit area) on the person's skin is much less when lying down. Because the
A person lying still on a "bed" of nails has his weight distributed over a much larger area than if he were
pressure is much less when lying down, the nails do not puncture the skin.
0/1 points
How can you use the volume of some quantity of a pure substance to calculate its mass?
11.
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14.
0/2 points
Would the weight density of water be different on the Moon than it is on Earth?
Yes
No
What about the mass density?
The mass density would stay the same.
The mass density would not stay the same.
0/3 points
OBInPhys7 4.Q.015. [1981660]
OBInPhys7 4.Q.018. [1981505]
OBInPhys7 4.Q.025. [1981497]
If the acceleration due to gravity on the Earth suddenly increased, would this affect the atmospheric pressure?
Yes
No
Would it affect the pressure at the bottom of a swimming pool?
Yes
No
Explain both effects.
0/1 points
A ship on a large river approaches a bridge and the captain notices that the ship is about a foot too tall to fit under the
OBInPhys7 4.Q.028. [1981814]
bridge. A crew member suggests pumping water from the river into an empty tank on the ship. Would this help?
Yes
No
0/1 points
Venus's atmosphere is much more dense than the Earth's while that of Mars is much less dense. Suppose it is decided to
send a probe to each planet that, once it arrived, would be carried around in the planet's atmosphere by a heliumfilled
balloon. How would the size of each balloon compare to the size that would be needed on the Earth?
15.
16.
17.
0/1 points
What important thing happens when the speed of a moving fluid increases?
0/1 points
OBInPhys7 4.Q.031. [1981799]
OBInPhys7 4.Q.034. [2182656]
When two trains, going in opposite directions, are passing on tracks that are laid out close together, the train cars can
often be seen to be leaning in toward one another where they are in proximity. How might the air passing through the
narrow gap separating the two trains contribute to the observed attraction between their cars?
between them. The height of this column of air is the height of the train cars, much lower than the height of
When two trains pass each other in opposite directions and are close together, the trains create a column of air
the atmosphere. So, (by the law of fluid pressure) the pressure on the outside of the trains is much greater
than the pressure between the trains, and the trains lean in toward one another.
pushed in roughly equal and opposite directions so that the air becomes very still. Therefore, the speed of the
When two trains pass each other in opposite directions and are close together, the air between the trains is
air decreases, the pressure acting on the two trains increases (by Bernoulli's principle), and the two trains lean
in toward one another.
of air normally displaced by the other train. Therefore, the buoyant force acting on each train is roughly zero,
When two trains pass each other in opposite directions and are close together, each train replaces the volume
the pressure between the two trains is roughly zero (by Archimedes' principle), and the two trains lean in
toward one another.
constricted in a narrow space. Therefore, the speed of the air increases, the pressure between the two trains
When two trains pass each other in opposite directions and are close together, the air between the two trains is
decreases (by Bernoulli's principle), and the two trains lean in toward one another.
air equal to its own volume. Therefore, the buoyant force acting on each train is twice as large as normal, the
When two trains pass each other in opposite directions and are close together, each train displaces a volume of
OBInPhys7 4.Q.035. [2182649]
pressure acting on the two trains increases (by Archimedes' principle), and the two trains lean in toward one
another.
0/4 points
Corrugated plastic pipes are commonly used to carry water away from the foundation areas of houses. These accordionlike
pipes typically vary in diameter, alternating between smaller and larger widths, at regular intervals of a few centimeters or
so, making them much more flexible than straight plastic pipes. Assuming the water in such pipes undergoes steady flow,
describe the variations in the speed and pressure of the water as it moves along.
. This means the pressure ‑‑‑Select‑‑‑
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and the pressure
at those points along the pipe. Likewise, when the water
As the water moves through the pipe, it encounters constrictions where the diameter is smaller and thus the water
‑‑‑Select‑‑‑
encounters a place along the pipe where the diameter increases, the water ‑‑‑Select‑‑‑
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Author: Murdock, Maajida ( Maajida.Murdock@MORGAN.EDU )
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