What is Idealism? Idealism is expressed in the gadgets we use, in the places where we live and work, and in the media we see in our daily lives. But what do we mean by idealism? Idealism encourages imagination and attempts to realize a mental conception of beauty, a standard of perfection. The idea of beauty is what matters. Beauty is found in the idea the form represents. From an idealistic perspective, all objects and experiences are representations of the mind. Carefully read all the sections on this page before you write your post. The Ancient Ideal of Beauty Since ancient times, the Western ideal of human beauty was defined by the art of the Greeks and Romans. The statue known as the Spear Bearer or the Doryphorus (above left) is a Roman copy of ancient Greek original. It's sculptor, Polykleitos of Argos, wrote a treatise on the perfect proportions of the human form and created this statue as an example. Polykleitos envisioned the human body as a harmonious set of divinely inspired ratios. By studying numerous models and measuring the key ratios such as the size of the head to the size of the body, he arrived at what he thought were the ideal proportions for a human. Typical of Classical art, the figure is in the prime of life, and blemish-free. It is not a portrait of an individual but rather a vision of the ideal. The Venus de'Medici (above right) is a Roman copy of a fourth-century BCE Greek original by Praxitiles, the best-known sculptor of his time. Its refined profile and modest pose are features of the Greek idealization of human figures. Although nude goddesses were unknown in early periods of Greek art, this figure came to represent a feminine ideal, and has strongly influenced many artworks since that time, down to the feminists of the twentieth century who rebelled against it. Idealism in Contemporary Design What about art in our own times? Is the notion of idealism and beauty still relevant today? Are contemporary artists and designers concerned with idealistic beauty, with the underlying idea the form represents? And if so, where do we get our visions of the ideal today? From art, design, media, or some other realm? Idealism is not confined to the traditional fine arts, such as painting and sculpture. "Objects of all kinds, from ancient carefully crafted flint knives to today's personal digital devices, have been conceived to delight the eye as well as to serve more obviously useful functions. Well-designed utilitarian objects and spaces, from spoons to cities, bring pleasure and efficiency into our daily lives. Artists transform objects for daily use by either designing them in new ways or by embellishing them; sometimes both." (Artforms, p. 20) Idealism in Product/Industrial Design Everyday objects such as the Macbook Pro (above) express the idealism of our technological age. Apple founder and CEO Steve Jobs revolutionized the way we think with computers (Links to an external site.). He fused idealism with digital technology. For Jobs, the Mac was the tool of liberation, and he demanded perfection, originality, and human-centered design (Links to an external site.) in every detail of Apple products. Jobs once stated that “by building affordable personal computers and putting one on every desk, in every hand, I’m giving people power. They don’t have to go through the high priests of mainframe – they can access information themselves. They can steal fire from the mountain. And this is going to inspire far more change than any nonprofit." Idealism in Architecture/Environmental Design   The Oculus, a transportation hub designed by Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava, expresses an idealistic vision of American resilience. It reminds us that, even in the face of devastation, there is hope.  Located mere feet from the September 11th Memorial and Museum in downtown Manhattan, and a regular destination for visitors to Ground Zero, it takes the shape of a bird, specifically a phoenix, in mid-flight. The symbolism is immediate and you can’t help but feel the power of the idea that underpins the form. The angle of the windows is particularly placed so that every year on the anniversary of the attacks, the sun shines directly through the skylight and illuminates the main hall at 10:28 a.m. (the time of the collapse of the second tower). Read more about the Oculus (Links to an external site.) Read about how architecture can help build relationships between people. (Links to an external site.) Idealism in Graphic/Digital Design Graphic designers combine art and technology to produce powerful designs that express idealism and promote change.  Born in Zimbabwe, a former British colony with with apartheid-like discrimination, graphic designer Chaz Maviyane-Davies creates smartly-designed posters that speak truth to power and advocate issues such as human rights, AIDS research, environmental protection, and free speech. In 2002, he embarked on his most well-known project to raise consciousness about the abuse and violations of rights being perpetrated by the corrupt president, Robert Mugabe, and encourage people to vote. During a month of graphic activism called “The Portal of Truth,” he created graphic commentaries every day, for 30 days, until the eve of the elections, and distributed them by email. The poster, above, depicts a member of Mugabe's ruthless militia, trained by North Korea, and distinguishable by their red berets. Check out the Graphic Design of Chaz Maviyane-Davies here (Links to an external site.) and here. (Links to an external site.) Your Assignment In this assignment, you will find and post a specific example of contemporary design (from one of the three design fields listed below) that expresses an idealistic vision. You will then write and post a 500-650 word analysis, in which you describe and examine your choice, the idea it represents, and how it expresses this idealistic vision. You will support your key points with ideas and information you find in the resources provided, the internet, and with your own observations, ideas and insights. Please cite your sources. PRODUCT/INDUSTRIAL DESIGN Furniture Design Lighting Products Fashion Design Footwear Design Toy Design Transportation Design Automotive Design Electronic Product Design Industrial Design The difference between Product and Industrial Design ARCHITECTURE Environmental Design Interior Design Architectural Lighting Design Museums Concert halls Skyscrapers and Residential Religious architecture Stadiums Libraries Airports, railway and transport hubs Bridges Sustainable or Eco Architecture GRAPHIC/DIGITAL DESIGN Corporate (Visual Identity) Design Marketing and Advertising Design Print Design Editorial/Publication Design Environmental Graphic Design 1 Environmental Graphic Design 2 Packaging Design World's Best Web Design Motion Graphic Design Interface (UI) and Interaction Design  

1Explain what a search warrant is, why it is necessary, and how it it used to obtain digital evidence.2. From the following list choose 3 digital items that would hold data.

Christianity was a key driving force in the development of universities in Colonial America.  The British settlers placed a high value on education, and are credited with the creation of institutions for higher education in America.  Many of today’s public universities were started by religious denominations. Harvard, Yale, and Princeton were founded by Congregationalists and Puritans between 1636 – 1702. Yale was started by a clergyman and Princeton’s first year of class was taught by Reverend Jonathan Dickinson.  Princeton’s crest still says, ‘Del sub numine viget’ which is Latin for ‘Under God she flourishes’ which presents a present-day conundrum –  “How did our oldest and most prestigious universities become so far removed from their religious and biblical heritage?”  Regarding religious freedom on college and university campuses today, educational leaders across the academic continuum are best served by learning to think critically when addressing issues such as; 1. Do Institutions of higher learning have a part to play in supporting students' religion and spirituality? If so, how can campuses nourish these aspects of students’ lives without undermining such core values as diversity and religious freedom? 2. Please share your views regarding the current state of religious tolerance on campuses today, and more specifically, whether institutions should even be taking a position on this topic.