Birth asphyxia, health and medicine homework help

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make notes on the developmental milestones, at least 70 PowerPoint slides. Reference book is Nelson's textbook of paediatric and child health.

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Attached.

Developmental milestones and
birth asphyxia

EU, Department of Paediatrics

INFANT
 Definition of normal infant
It is the period which starts at the end of the
first month up to the end of the first year of age.
Infant's growth and development during this
period are rapid.

Physical growth of normal infant

 Weight :
The infant gains :
▪ Birth to 4 months → ¾ kg /month
▪ 5 to 8 months → ½ kg / month
▪ 9 to 12 months → ¼ kg /month

The infant will double his birth wt by 4-5 months
and triple it by 10-12 months of age

Weight
Infants from 3 to 12 months
Weight = Age in months + 9

2
e.g. Wt of 7 months old infant = 7+9 = 16 = 8 kg
2
2

 Height
▪ Length increases about 3 cm /month during
the 1st 3 months of age,
▪ Then it increases 2 cm /month at age of 4-6
months,
▪ Then, at 7 – 12 months, it increases 1.5 cm per
month

 Head circumference
▪ It increases about 2 cm /month during the 1st
3 months,
▪ Then, 1 cm/month during months 4 to 6
months and 0.5 cm/month for the rest of the
year.
▪ Posterior fontanel closes by 6-8 wk of age.
▪ Anterior fontanel closes by 12-18 months of
age.

 Chest circumference
By the end of the 1st year, it will be equal to head
circumference.

 Physiological growth of infants:Pulse 110-150 b/min
Resp 35 ± 10 c/min
Breath through nose.
Blood pressure 80/50 ± 20/10 mmHg

 Dentition
Eruption of teeth starts by 5–6 months of
age. It is called "Milky teeth" or "Deciduous
teeth" or "Temporary teeth".

Average age for teeth eruption:











Lower central incisors
Upper central incisors
Upper lateral incisors
Lower lateral incisors
Lower first molars
Upper first molars
Lower cuspids
Upper cuspids
Lower 2nd molars
Upper 2nd molars












Erupt at 6 months
Erupt at 7.5 months
Erupt at 9 months
Erupt at 11 months
Erupt at 12 months
Erupt at 14 months
Erupt at 16 months
Erupt at 18 months
Erupt at 20months
Erupt at 24 months.

■Motor Development
 At

2 months

▪ Hold head erect in mid-position.
▪ Turn from side to back.

 At

3 months, the infant can

▪ Hold head erect and steady.
▪ Open or close hand loosely.
▪ Hold object put in hand

Head Control

Newborn

Age 6 months

At 4 months, the infant can:
▪ Sit with adequate support.
▪ Roll over from front to back.
▪ Hold head erect and steady while in sitting
position.
▪ Bring hands together in midline and plays with
fingers.
▪ Grasp objects with both hands.

At 5 months, the infant can:






Balance head well when sitting.
Sit with slight support.
Pull feet up to mouth when supine.
Grasp objects with whole hand (Rt. or Lt.).
Hold one object while looking at another

At 6 months, the infant can:





Sit alone briefly.
Turn completely over (abdomen to abdomen)
Lift chest and upper abdomen when prone.
Hold own bottle.

At 7 months, the infant can:
▪ Sit alone.
▪ Hold cup.
▪ Imitate simple acts of others.

At 8 months, the infant can:
▪ Sit alone steadily.
▪ Drink from cup with assistance.
▪ Eat finger food that can be held in one hand.

At 9 months, the infant can:
▪ Rise to sitting position alone.
▪ Crawl (i.e., pull body while in prone position).
▪ Hold one bottle with good hand-mouth
coordination

 At 10 months, the infant can:
▪ Crawl well (use hands and legs).
▪ Walk but with help.
▪ Bring the hands together.

 At 11 months , the infant can:
▪ Walk holding on furniture.
▪ Stand erect with minimal support

 At 12 months , the infant can:
▪ Stand-alone for variable length of time.
▪ Sit down from standing position alone.
▪ Walk in few steps with help or alone ...


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