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1. What do enzymes have to do with activation energy?
Ans: Reactants or substrate need to breach a certain level of energy barrier to reach
towards completion and form products. This minimum energy required is called
Activation energy. Normally, some reactants require higher levels of energy to go
towards completion hence they require enzymes to drive them forward. The only
thing enzymes do is to complete the reaction at a faster rate. They do not initiate a
reaction or change the equilibrium. This is achieved by the enzymes by lowering the
activation energy and hence drive the reaction at a faster rate. Many enzymes like the
Carbonic Anhydrase alter the rate in a drastic way.

2. Provide a biological example of an exergonic reaction. Why is this reaction
exergonic? Be specific. Provide a biological example of an endergonic reaction. Why
is this reaction endergonic? Be specific.
Ans: An exergonic reaction is a reaction in which energy is released. In other words,
it can be called as an exothermic reaction. Glycolysis or cellular respiration is a good
example of biological exergonic reaction. This is an exergonic reaction because
energy in the form of ATP is released in this process. The net yield is 38 ATP from
the cellular respiration and 8 ATP from Glycolysis.
An endergonic reaction is a reaction in which energy is required to drive a chemical
reaction. In other words, an endergonic reaction can also be called as endothermic
reaction. Photosynthesis is a good example for a biological endergonic reaction.
Energy requirements for photosynthesis are met by the photosynthetically active
radiation from the sun
3. What steps are involved in the overall process of oxidative phosphorylation?
Ans: Oxidative phosphorylation is nothing but electron transport chain occurring in
the Mitochondrion. Respiration is one of the most important physiological process in
living organisms. Respiration takes place in two parts. One of them is external
respiration (Gaseous exchange) and the other is cellular respiration. In cellular
respiration body gets the required ATPs (Adenosine Triphosphate) for its proper
functioning by the breakdown of glucose. In aerobic (presence of Oxygen) conditions
breakdown of glucose takes place by multiple steps like Glycolysis, the Link reaction
and The Kreb's cycle (Citric Acid Cycle). But during these stepwise reactions there is
no direct yield of A...