DePaul University Wk 3 Omi & Winant Reflections

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Week 3 - Omi & Winant This question comes straight from our textbook: If race is not “real” in a scientific sense, why can I look around the classroom or campus and see that someone is black or Asian or white? What is the difference between something being “real” (like the book in front of you) and something being a “social construction” (like race or gender)? Use Omi and Winant’s theory of racial formation to explain how and why we “see” race as we do. Provide your answer to this question (as long as it takes you to answer the question) and then comment (3-5 sentences) on two other reflections. ______________________________________________________ Week 3 - John Iceland When you look through the appendix in this book what is made abundantly clear is that quality of life indicators like wealth, health and educational attainment vary by race. It is also the case in most instances that racial minorities experience more socioeconomic inequality than whites. John Iceland asks the question, “why is this so?” Is the reason for such disparities the result of discrimination? How and in what ways might the role of human capital, social capital, culture assimilation, racism and discrimination play in creating and maintaining racial inequality? Week 3 - Overall Reflection After you have read and watched the material for this week, thoughtfully answer and discuss the following: 1. What have you learned this week about the concept of race? 2. Is race a biological fact, or a social construction? A. If race is not a biological fact, then why do we as a society still talk about it? Doesn't it just divide us as a nation. Week 5 Reflection Using the documentary, "Race: The Power of an Illunision, Episode 2," briefly answer the following: What are some ways that race has been used to rationalize inequality? How has race been used to shift attention (and responsibility) away from oppressors and toward the targets of oppression? _________________________________________________________________ Week 6 - Reflection Name at least 3 things that you learned from the text and the documentary that we watched this week, that you either didn't already know or things think would be the most important to share with someone else who is learning about these eras for the first time. When you remember to include: 1. Where did you find it (was it in the reading for this week or the videos. Be specific, so others can find it as well). 2. If it is something you didn't know before, talk about why it stood out to you. 3. If it is something you think others should know, discuss why? Provide the context for why this is important. __________________________________________________________________ Week 7 - Reflect & Share Identify and discuss at least 3 things that you learned from the text and the videos that we watched this week, that you either didn't already know or things think would be the most important to share with someone else who is learning about these eras for the first time. When you remember to include: 1. Where did you find it (was it in the reading for this week or the videos. Be specific, so others can find it as well). 2. If it is something you didn't know before, talk about why it stood out to you. 3. If it is something you think others should know, discuss why? Provide the context for why this is important. 5 Clock error х Home | myDU X Week 3 - John Ice X Microsoft Office х O Outlook х w Clock error х = Clock error Clock error Х + с dominicanu.instructure.com/courses/1696100/assignments/23865022/submissions/3477883 SOC 203 01 > Assignments > Week 3 - John Iceland > Fall 2021-2022 Submission Details Grade: incomplete DO O 10 Home OG @ 9 Announcements Week 3 - John Iceland MISSING Submit Assignment Syllabus Modules 124 Angelina J Zavala Sep 11, 2021 Discussions Add a Comment: Assignments Grades + Media Comment Attach File People Save Files Quizzes BigBlueButton (Conferences) Collaborations I believe that such disparities are due to discrimination, because since it is the baseline of acting on certain beliefs that one group if inferior while other is superior. There are other things that can also affect racial inequality such as human capital, social capital, culture assimilation, racism and discrimination. Human capital is known as the experiences, skills, and knowledge people have in order to land a job and improve their career. This is contributed mostly by education which plays a vital role in attaining knowledge in order to have a solid career, this can be in high school and college education. In John Iceland mentions how education can be affected by other factors of racial inequality, such as quality of public schooling in different areas and even just the neighborhood of the school. Social capital is the resources people have due to social connections, this plays a part because this network serve as a mean of upward mobility. Socioeconomic inequality can contribute to further differences in social networking. Culture assimilation is the reduction of ethic group differences over time, which affects the racial and ethic disparities since minorities are trying become more like the majority. Racism and discriminations tend to be the baseline for maintaining racial inequalities since racism is the idea that one race group is inferior or superior to one another due to abilities and behaviors. While discrimination goes pat abilities it is the the different and unequal treatment of other groups based on those abilities and behaviors. Chat Office 365 CoursEval Course Video >| 5 Clock error х Home | myDU X Week 3 - John Ice X Microsoft Office х O Outlook х w Clock error х = Clock error Clock error Х + с dominicanu.instructure.com/courses/1696100/assignments/23865022/submissions/3477883 SOC 203 01 > Assignments > Week 3 - John Iceland > Fall 2021-2022 Submission Details Grade: incomplete DO O 10 Home OG @ 9 Announcements Week 3 - John Iceland MISSING Submit Assignment Syllabus Modules 124 Discussions Add a Comment: Assignments Grades + Media Comment Attach File People Save Files Quizzes BigBlueButton (Conferences) John Iceland makes a lot of valid and impactful arguments throughout his section about the various reasons why certain racial minorities have fewer opportunities, socioeconomic inequality, and have different life indicators than whites. Although discrimination is not the sole reason for such disparities, it is certainly one of them. Throughout history, minority groups have been exploited and used for the benefit of the white upper class. This led to discrimination in society and made it harder for minority groups to do certain things like obtaining a job, buying a house or car, getting a loan, or something as simple as eating at specific restaurants. These practices hindered and limited social mobility for the minority groups in our society. However, discrimination cannot be the sole explanation as to why racial inequality has existed for so long. Social capital is one of the most important in my opinion. As a society, we have socially constructed beliefs about who should work where. An example used in the book and one that may be the most obvious is Wall Street. It is dominated by white men and the simple phrase, "it's all about who you know" is the reason why industries have become so exclusive, not because there are any discriminatory practices. Racial inequality has always been an issue in America starting with the discriminatory practices at the formation of the country, but more recently, the roles of human and social capital and cultural assimilation have in maintaining this racial inequality. Collaborations Chat Office 365 CoursEval Course Video Reply (1 like) >| Fall 2021-2022 Submission Details Home Announcements Week 3 - John Iceland MISSING Syllabus Modules Cynthia Barrera : Sep 11, 2021 Discussions Add a Comment: Assignments Grades • Media Comm People Save Files Quizzes BigBlueButton (Conferences) Disparities among racial minorities are not resulted only by discrimination, although it plays a role. Discrimination is the action of treating someone differently based on race, gender, sexual orientation, etc. These actions will negatively effect the people who are being targeted whether it being emotional damage or not allowing them to receive equality. If the media portrays racial stereotypes, racism or discrimination then it will be seen by a large audience which could affect the way they view a group of people. This could be in the form of a movie, game, or commercial. Today, we can see that racial minorities live together in areas where income is lower. Schools there may not have enough funding to provide the best resources for students such as books and computers which limits the experience and knowledge they receive. Some may not even be able to afford to go to school which results in having minimum wage jobs or none at all. This goes into the stereotypes that certain groups of people are less intelligent. Social capital might be the most important role in racial inequality because minorities usually don't have good social connections to those with high status which could lead them to find better jobs or opportunities. Reply Collaborations Chat Office 365 CoursEval Course Video 5 Clock error х Home | myDU X Week 3 - John Ice X Microsoft Office х O Outlook х w Clock error х = Clock error Clock error Х + с dominicanu.instructure.com/courses/1696100/assignments/23865022/submissions/3477883 SOC 203 01 > Assignments > Week 3 - John Iceland > Fall 2021-2022 Submission Details Grade: incomplete DO O 10 Home OG @ 9 Announcements Week 3 - John Iceland Submit Assignment MISSING Syllabus Modules Jessica A Lopez : Sep 11, 2021 124 Discussions Add a Comment: Assignments Grades + Media Comment Attach File People Save Files Quizzes BigBlueButton (Conferences) Collaborations The reason for such disparities is the result of discrimination among many other factors because these factors have contributed to ideologies of a race being superior to another. Discrimination can also stem from prejudices that are contributing to inequalities. As a society, we judge people based on what 'group' they belong to which leads to these different disparities because resources are only available to those that can afford them. However, it goes back to who society is hiring in high-paying jobs which leads to the different opportunities that are provided through the educational system. Human capital contributes to inequalities because to be able to attain a good job an individual must have the skills and experience. However, these skills are often only attainable with higher education. Higher education isn't always available for minorities, as they are faced with fewer resources. Ultimately leading to a bigger disparity in unemployment between the races. Social capital also plays a significant role in racial inequality because social networking gives individuals more access to jobs or opportunities which in turn allows them to be able to move upwards in society. Whereas minorities don't have the connections or resources to good-paying jobs or might even be exploited and taken advantage of and are unable to speak up because it is their only source of income. Culture assimilation also plays a role in creating racial inequality because as more immigrants are coming to America they are not Chat Office 365 CoursEval Course Video >| nogimiloting to the white id Thin hoina obla 5 Clock error х Home | myDU X Week 3 - John Ice X Microsoft Office х O Outlook х w Clock error х = Clock error Clock error Х + с dominicanu.instructure.com/courses/1696100/assignments/23865022/submissions/3477883 SOC 203 01 > Assignments > Week 3 - John Iceland > Fall 2021-2022 Submission Details Grade: incomplete DO O 10 Home OG @ 9 Announcements Week 3 - John Iceland Submit Assignment MISSING Syllabus Modules 124 Discussions Add a Comment: Assignments Grades + Media Comment Attach File People Save Files Quizzes BigBlueButton (Conferences) Human capital, social capital, culture assimilation and racism and discrimination all play an important role in creating and maintaining racial inequality. I feel like human capital is the start of the struggle for inequality among whites and minorities. When it comes to schooling, usually low funded and underdeveloped schools are in the neighborhoods inhabited by minority groups. This puts them at a disadvantage for academic achievement and less likely to attend college. Then the incarceration rates are higher among young black men which means they will enter the work force with a criminal record. This automatically disqualifies them from higher paying jobs. Also, there are loan companies that prey on minority groups because of their vulnerability and give them these petty loans with high interest rates regardless of their credit worthiness (Iceland, 26). Culture contributes to maintaining inequality because usually people of the same group share some of the same behaviors and customs. One negative behavior among the black community is bearing children out of wedlock. This increases the chances of poverty and lower well-being, as well as the chances of marriage decreasing. America has an extensive history of racism and discrimination even after civil rights laws and abolition of slavery. The colorblind privilege is something we "embrace" in our society; that all people from all backgrounds are treated equally regardless. However, that is not the case. The white community often uses this as a way to disregard racial and systemic inequalities as well as act oblivious to the privilege they have over minorities. Some of those privilege's being no discrimination at Collaborations Chat Office 365 CoursEval Course Video >| 5 Clock error х Home myDU Topic: Week 3 - X Microsoft Office х O Outlook х w Clock error х > Clock error х Clock error х + . C dominicanu.instructure.com/courses/1696100/discussion_topics/9262132 Fall 2021-2022 o Home Jami N Tatum : Announcements Sep 11, 2021 Syllabus Modules 1. I learned actual terms to certain behaviors or acts such as the "old boy's network" and the different theories like the Capital Theory, Cultural Theory, Assimilation Theory and Human Capital Theory. I obtained knowledge on how those theories along with racial discrimination and racism still play a role in our generation even if not presented the same way as they were from before. O OT 10 © 28 Discussions OG ]O8 Assignments 124 Grades 2. I believe that race is a social construction made up by people's beliefs of what a certain group of people should look like. A variety of people and forms of advertisement like social media or television portray these images of how these groups should look and because these forms are exposed to such a large audience, it is so easy to influence people's mindset or perspective. Society still speaks about the concept of race because of the incidents that take place basically every day where people, such as men are attacked by those whom they can't defend themselves to simply because of their skin tone and racialization they have to experience. People Files Reply Quizzes O Rebecca Velazco BigBlueButton (Conferences) : Sep 14, 2021 Collaborations Hey Jami! Social media does play a huge role on the images displayed of different people and their races. I think that most generalizations come from media sources. Chat Office 365 Reply CoursEval Course Video o : Rebecca Velazco Sep 14, 2021 What I learned this week about the concept of race is that it is something that society has put an importance on. it is the cause for a lot of misconceptions and stereotypes because of physical characteristics like color. Race is a social construction because society puts the importance on the differences between different people. With out society's opinions, race does not effect how someone acts, thinks, or feels. ī > Reply 5 Clock error х Home | myDU X Topic: Week 3 - X Microsoft Office X 0 Outlook х w Clock error х = Clock error х Clock error X + C dominicanu.instructure.com/courses/1696100/discussion_topics/9262132 Mackenzie Coleman Fall 2021-2022 : Sep 11, 2021 Home Hey Erika! Announcements Syllabus Great response, I like how you really went into detail about the inability to measure race and the sometimes drastic genetic differences between people who would otherwise be lumped into the same racial category. I also agree with your perspective on race being a social construct rather than biological, and how you included the eugenics study in your support. Thanks for sharing! Modules 28 Discussions Reply (1 like) O ou ☺ ☺ Assignments 124 O Grades Mackenzie Coleman : People Sep 11, 2021 Files Quizzes BigBlueButton (Conferences) This week covered several, fundamental, concepts that I have previously discussed in other sociology courses. The Race - The Power of an Illusion (the Difference Between Us) video discussed the past notion of there being biological explanation for the intellectual, athletic, etc.) differences between races. It also touched on the idea that while we might assume there would be more genetic similarities between people that look like us, it is often the case that the most genetic variation is seen between a collective group of people from the same region or who would otherwise be classified as the same race. One of my favorite topics to discussed was covered in John Iceland's chapter, "Race and Ethnicity in America," human, social, and cultural capital and their effects on inequality for racial minorities. We learned that race is socially constructed sociohistorical concept which we have continued to be reliant on in our perceptions of other people and our own identities. It has become made an integral part of how society has been designed to operate. So, while race, racial identity and organization do divide us, we have become so dependent on them, going away from that would mean redesigning not just the way society functions but the way we as humans function and understand the world and people around us. Collaborations Chat Office 365 CoursEval Reply Course Video o Rebecca Velazco : Sep 14, 2021 Hey Mackenzie! I like how you touch base on the fact that race, even though it is used in negative ways, is all we know. It's been used for many years. I think that it would be interesting to imagine a life without having to your race in your applications or other things. Would we find something else to separate ourselves because of our differences? Who knows. ī > Reply 5 Clock error х Home myDU X Topic: Week 3 - X Microsoft Office х O Outlook X w Clock error х = Clock error Clock error х + . C dominicanu.instructure.com/courses/1696100/discussion_topics/9262132 Reply Fall 2021-2022 Home Mackenzie Coleman Announcements Sep 11, 2021 Syllabus Hey Leslie, Modules Great points. I believe we had pretty similar understandings of the effects race has on our society. While continuing the discussion is at times dividing, race and racial classification, I believe, was never constructed to bring us together. Thanks for sharing! 28 Discussions O ou ☺ ☺ Assignments Reply 124 Grades People o : Files Erika Espinoza Sep 11, 2021 Quizzes BigBlueButton (Conferences) Collaborations I think the most notable thing I have learned surrounding the concept of race has been the fact that there is no way to measure race -- not through skin color, not through internal attributes of intelligence and physical performance, and definitely not through genetics. When people are racialized and confined to one specific race, it is imperative to note that even people of the same racial groups can have as many genetic and physical differences as with people in other racial groups. Not all light-skinned people will have the same DNA sequence, nor will they all have the same hair color and texture, same intellectual abilities, etc. It was interesting for me to realize that race is a modernized term, having it come AFTER slavery in order to justify the difference in free and enslaved groups. From this, the concept of race has become widespread and cultivated itself in our social system, where race is taken into every account, deeply impacting the livelihoods of people as a way to preserve social hierarchies. As Bonilla-Silva (36) illustrates, once a social formation is created, "its 'normal' dynamic always include a racial component." Chat Office 365 CoursEval Course Video Taking into consideration the material for the week, it is safe to say that race is, in fact, a social construction. It has been developed on several accounts and has different interpretations amongst various countries. However, race is still brought up as being a biological fact because race alludes to superficial traits and socialized behaviors. One believes that genetics or something as simple as melanin has emerged through one's biological make-up. This form of thinking does tend to divide us as a nation because if people believe race is inherent, they can use this as the perfect rationale for believing that certain races have earned the right to be labeled as superior or inferior, such was the reasoning for the invention of eugenics. With eugenics, particular traits characterized people as being "feeble-minded," and so it was important to eliminate such traits in order to establish a superior race that will be preserved for generations. ī > Reply 5 Clock error х Home | myDU Topic: Week 5 Rex Microsoft Office х O Outlook х w Clock error х F Clock error Clock error x + с dominicanu.instructure.com/courses/1696100/discussion_topics/9337872 Fall 2021-2022 Race has been used to rationalize inequality and determines what privileges one has access to. Race has been used to shift the attention of oppressors and towards the target of oppression because the oppressors would corroborate their oppression by saying that certain races were not valid because the white people were the majority so whatever rules they decided to implement, had to be followed. Home Announcements Syllabus Amanda Bulow : Sep 23, 2021 Modules 28 O OT 10 © Desiree, Discussions OG ]O8 Assignments Thank you for contributing to this weeks discussion board! I really enjoyed reading your input on this topic. I believe that race has been used to shift the attention from the oppressors towards the targets of oppression because the ones doing the oppressing would paint these targets as being inferior, savage, and uncivil where the majority of those in power had than implemented segregation rules that had to be followed. 124 Grades People Files Reply Quizzes BigBlueButton (Conferences) o Collaborations Cynthia Barrera Chat Sep 22, 2021 Office 365 CoursEval Course Video The Declaration of Independence states that "all men are created equal" yet people still continued to own slaves. Thomas Jefferson, who wrote this, has slaves of his own. The reason why this was allowed people society made it seem as if African Americans and Natives were inferior to white people due to "lack of intelligence" and physical traits. However, Jefferson wrote how he believed that Natives could be converted and had the ability to become "civilized" unlike Africans. He thought that they were like the whites because they fought for their land and had the intellect to learn. This resulted in people accepting inequality on race because it was "proven" by science that these people were inferior or dehumanized them. The media helped gain these ideas by showing how savage and unintelligent minorities are through movies, newspapers, etc. These are able to reach large audiences in order to spread the message quickly. Race has been used to shift attention and responsibility towards the targets of oppression by imbedding the idea that some races are inferior to the whites due to the lack of intelligence and morals. Status was no longer about money or power, but about the color of ones skin. This became the norm in society and deeply rooted so that it would be difficult to turn back on. ī > 5 Clock error х Home | myDU Topic: Week 5 Re X a Microsoft Office х O Outlook х w Clock error х = Clock error х Clock error Х + C dominicanu.instructure.com/courses/1696100/discussion_topics/9337872 Fall 2021-2022 Home Announcements OG @ DO O 10 Syllabus The idea of differences existing between races has perpetuated the idea that inequality is acceptable because some human beings are less than others. The documentary expounds on the rationalization of inequality by delving deeper on Thomas Jefferson's involvement with researching race and his approach to his research. Jefferson's idea of race is incredibly contradicting to his famous statement "all men are created equal". He believed that Black people could not assimilate like poor Europeans could. The basis of this idea was that Black people were not at the same level to Europeans. To him all evidence pointed to them being inferior and his research focused on finding the reason behind this inferiority. The approach to his question is another way that inequality was able to be perpetuated. This is because scientists and researchers of the 18th and 19th century were building a case to find a reason for the inferiority between races. This resulted on theories of race that focused on the differences of humans. Race has been used to shift attention from the oppressors by placing the blame on the oppressed. The documentary discusses how the research made on Blacks versus Europeans showed how they did not perform at the same level intellectually and academically. This then allowed the oppressors to blame the position of the oppressed on their inferiority. Which when we really delve deeper, the access to education was not the same meaning that their low performance was not because they were inferior. This was just a way for the Europeans to assert power and shift blame and responsibility away from themselves. Modules 28 Discussions Assignments 124 Grades People o Rebecca Velazco : Files Sep 24, 2021 Quizzes Hey Keidy! I love your choice of words in your first sentence. the differences that these groups saw against each-other amounted to the actions and decisions made to see who was considered dominant or lower in status. Great explanation! BigBlueButton (Conferences) Collaborations Chat Reply Office 365 CoursEval O Course Video Erika Espinoza : Sep 24, 2021 In order to rationalize inequality, race was used as a justifiable enough reason to pivot other racial groups from each other. For example, the indentured servants were replaced with African slaves. Having African slaves suddenly meant that slavery would be equated to "blackness," as the documentary explained. Thus, the poor whites were then able to assimilate with society's white elite, garnering the rights, freedoms, and acceptance that the African slaves were now losing. Therefore, a racial divide in terms of slavery became normalized to the extent of rationalizing inequality. ī > This episode also mentioned how race, specifically racial inferiority, was thought to be innate. Jefferson believed in this claim, and it was also said that 5 Clock error х Home | myDU Topic: Week 5 Rex Microsoft Office X O Outlook w Clock error х = Clock error х Clock error Х + * C dominicanu.instructure.com/courses/1696100/discussion_topics/9337872 BA Tyler J Stibal Fall 2021-2022 Sep 25, 2021 : Home Announcements Syllabus DO O fe © Whenever there is a conversation about the effects of race and racial inequality, we can always revert to the idea of social construction and the ways in which society has developed ideas about certain races. These ideas and stereotypes lead to an inaccurate image of certain people and that then leads to the rationalization of inequality in our society. Taking a historical look through the United States, you can clearly see how the social construct has allowed whites to keep different groups down in society. Looking at the slaves, the Jim Crow Era, Asian immigrants in California, and even today, many use race to limit the ability of people that do not share a similar race or ethnicity as them. Looking back again at the historical perspective, the attention was always on the targets as opposed to the oppressors because so many believe that what they were doing was right. However, as time moved along, these groups began to revolt against their oppressors and flip the script. Social media and technology have shifted the light towards the oppressors and started to call out the racial bias and inequality in society, more than ever before. Modules 28 06 回9]8 Discussions Assignments 124 Grades People o : Kaitlyn Macias Sep 26, 2021 Files Quizzes Tyler, BigBlueButton (Conferences) I though you had a great response. I agree with you that if we take a look back at America's history, society is constructed to benefit the white people and oppress people of color, specifically black people. I think that you made a good argument, especially using the Jim Crow laws because we know how discriminating that was. Collaborations Chat O Office 365 Erika Espinoza : Sep 26, 2021 CoursEval Hi, Tyler! Course Video I really like reading what you had to say about the media attention the oppressors in our society are now receiving. Social media has helped keep us engaged in this way, allowing us to recognize the injustices others are enduring because of the actions of others. Referring to the social construction of race also helps strengthen your argument in the way that it illustrates how race is almost always the driving force of oppression. ī > Reply 5 Clock error х Home myDU Topic: Week 5 Rex Microsoft Office x O Outlook Х w Clock error х = Clock error х Clock error х + . C dominicanu.instructure.com/courses/1696100/discussion_topics/9337872 Reply Fall 2021-2022 Home O Announcements Leslie Lopez Syllabus Sep 25, 2021 Modules 28 Discussions O ou ☺ ☺ Race has been used to rationalize inequality by first having this belief that there are races that are inferior than others. Inequality beings there by picking and choosing who has that advantage in life. Race has been used to shift attention and responsibility away from oppressors and towards the target of oppression by trying to compare both races. African-Americans were made to be seem like they were violent and in civilized. While white people were looked as civilized and classy. Assignments 124 Grades B People o Kaitlyn Macias : Files Sep 26, 2021 Quizzes Leslie, BigBlueButton (Conferences) Great post. I agree with you when you say many people believe stereotypes about races other than white. People really think that others are inferior to them simply because they are different races. We know that race is a social concept so of course the people who created the concept are going to try to benefit from it. b Collaborations Chat Office 365 O Donita B Johnson CoursEval Sep 26, 2021 Course Video Hi Leslie, Your post was very nice and I liked your answer to this discussion. I like the point that you made about how race has been used to take attention from the oppressors by trying to compare them. I feel like this is a huge problem when it comes to our society. Reply ī > 5 Clock error х Home myDU Topic: Week 6 - RX Microsoft Office х 0 Outlook w Clock error х = Clock error Clock error Х + C dominicanu.instructure.com/courses/1696100/discussion_topics/9377040 Fall 2021-2022 Home Announcements Syllabus OG凰四 The first thing that I learned from the article "Color-Blind Privilege: The Social and Political Functions of Erasing the Color Line in Post Race America," by Charles Gallagher was that the perception among the white population that the socioeconomic playing field is now level and the whites' belief that they have been purged of all overtly racist attitudes and behaviors have made the "colorblind" perspective the dominant lens that white individuals use to understand the present race relations. This perspective allows for the white population to believe that segregation and discrimination are no longer a social issue because it has become illegal to deny individuals the access to housing, employment, and public accommodations due to their race. This topic is important because it shows that people believe that racism no longer exists as a social issue because they no longer "see" race. However, this is not the case since society is still struggling with racist and discriminatory ideology against people of color where they are still seen and treated as being different from those individuals who are white. O O 29 Modules 28 Discussions Assignments 124 Grades The next thing that I learned from the same article was the term optional ethnicity. Option ethnicity can be described as "a form of ethnicity that one can pick and choose" (Gallagher 2019:124). Where there is no to little social cost to engaging in optional ethnicity in the instance that an individual chooses to be Irish on St. Patrick's Day even if this person does not engage in this ethnicity during the rest of the year. I found this topic in the article interesting because if it is socially acceptable to pick and choose an ethnicity on certain occasions such as celebrating a holiday than how can certain ethnicities that one engages in for the entirety of their life have social cost? If the pride in an individual's ethnicity and through extension, one's color is a matter of choice, then race should no longer matter as an independent force that organizes social life, resources, or creates obstacles towards upward mobility. People Files Quizzes BigBlueButton (Conferences) The last thing that I learned from the article" The possibility of a New Racial Hierarchy in the Twenty-First-Century United States," by Herbert Gans was that ethnicity as racial is a tendency in the contemporary construction of race. The continuing practice of identifying ethnic and national differences as racial suggests that the lack of education is a casual factor in the conflation which indicates that only college educated individuals are able to distinguish the difference between ethnicity and race. I believe this is an important topic that should be discussed because it shows that race has always been implicated into everyone minds with every aspect of life. Where people have seen race and ethnicity as the same thing. To be able to provide more education on the topic would allow for race to be taken out of some of the misunderstood definitions revolving around one's identification. Collaborations Chat Office 365 Reply CoursEval O Course Video Aquela D Farr Sep 28, 2021 Amanda, we shared the same first point. It just baffles me how people can really say that racism and equality is gone. there is statistics that shows that this not true. Yes education and wealth can be obtained by everyone. However it is not a leveled playing field or equally obtainable, which shows that there are still racial tendencies embedded in these institutional systems. 6 Reply B ī > O 5 Clock error х Home myDU Topic: Week 6 - RX Microsoft Office х O Outlook х w Clock error х = Clock error х Clock error Х + C dominicanu.instructure.com/courses/1696100/discussion_topics/9377040 Fall 2021-2022 : Aquela D Farr Sep 28, 2021 Home Announcements Syllabus OG凰四 O O 29 Modules One thing that I learned about in the reading "Color-Blind Privilege" by Charles Gallagher how some whites use the fact that the U.S. is a meritocracy to justify their color-blindness. Meritocracy is the holding of power by people selected on the basis of their ability, which I did not know previously. With that being said, because of meritocracy, "whites imagine their socioeconomic success is related to individual hard work, determination, thrift and investment in education" (Gallagher, 122). It stood out to me because when I read some of the interviews Gallagher did, people were really believing that racism is completely gone. Just because the law is against discrimination, doesn't mean that there are not any institutional barriers for minorities to achieve the same success as their white counterparts. This is important because if no-one sees nothing wrong with the current system then color blindness will prevail and there will never come a time of change. 28 Discussions Assignments 124 Grades People Another point that stood out to me in "Color-Blind Privilege," is the use of mass media to brain wash people into thinking racism is gone. For example, page 133 talked about how many cosmetic companies have now included few "light-skinned, anglo-looking colored women" in their ads. They chose the lighter women to one: bring in women of color into buying their products thinking it caters to them as well, and two: still maintain their true message that "white bodies are beautiful." They want to deliver the message that brightening ones skin is ok. The more people purchase these products the more they are getting closer to being just like whites. This is important because it is a marketing strategy used by many companies to mask the message that they are really trying to send and is still being able to control minorities. Files Quizzes BigBlueButton (Conferences) Something important for everyone to know is white flight. Episode 3 of the film "The Power of Illusion," talked about how whites would leave certain areas. When they did, the value depreciated and became occupied by majority of minorities. When whites would leave they were also taking their resources with them and the houses that they move into are valued. This shows how fair housing is still hindering the growth of minorities. Collaborations Chat Edited by Aquela D Farr on Sep 28 at 9:37pm Office 365 Reply CoursEval O Course Video Amanda Bulow Sep 29, 2021 Aquela, Thank you for your contribution to this weeks discussion. I enjoyed reading your thoughts on the subject. I also found that the color blind privilege can be looked at as white privilege ideology because they can say that race does not "exist" since the social issues revolving around race does not affect them as they do for people of color. I also found that cosmetic companies that have included a few "light-skinned colored" woman in their ads to appeal to being a company that accepts diversity to gain more business from woman of color. While still sticking to their true message about white ī > 5 Clock error х Home myDU Topic: Week 6 - RX a Microsoft Office х O Outlook w Clock error х = Clock error х Clock error Х + C dominicanu.instructure.com/courses/1696100/discussion_topics/9377040 Fall 2021-2022 O Home Announcements Syllabus Modules 28 Discussions O ou ☺ ☺ Assignments 124 Grades People Files SA Tyler J Stibal : HT Sep 30, 2021 One thing that struck me came from very early in the article Color-Blind Privilege by Charles Gallagher. On page 122 he states, "The post-race, color- blind perspective allows whites to imagine that depiction of racial minorities working in high-status jobs and consuming the same products... is the same as living in a society where color is no longer used to allocate resources or shape group outcomes" (Gallagher, 122). I never really realized the impact of media and society on the way in which we perceive racial groups until I started at Dominican. Through the numerous Soc and Crim classes I have taken, it has opened my eyes to the fact that there are large racial inequalities and discrepancies in our society that our media does not portray. The mass incarceration of minorities, different policing strategies in lower-income neighborhoods, lack of access to basic needs, and many more issues have been presented to me through higher education. Anyone who does not take these types of courses or courses related will never truly understand the way in which the system is still designed to hold minorities down because that is not how the media, movies, televisions, etc. present the racial situation in our country. o The second point I want to discuss that I learned was the idea of optional ethnicity when it came to a white person's identity. This was discussed in Color-Blind Privilege on page 124. I have known about a similar concept when it comes to religion and when someone decides to attend or not but never really seen it applied to race or ethnicity. The same could be said about ethnicity as provided by the examples of St. Patrick's Day or feeling connected to Italian food. However, the discussion about race and the color of one's skin is a very interesting one. Racial identity is not a choice nor something you change. A person's race has been a deciding factor for many things in our country and it was interesting to hear how that plays a role in society. The third thing I learned this week came from the reading The Possibility of a New Racial Hierarchy in the Twenty-First Century United States by Herbert Gans. Although a lot of the article focuses on the concept of a Duel Racial Hierarchy, that is a concept that I have never heard and one that is important to understand. As society continues to change, we need to start realizing that the system is created for everyone, and it is time for minorities to have their time at the top. For so long we have kept them down that now they are starting to gain more opportunities, they are capitalizing on them and making the most out of it which is a move in the right direction for the advancement of society and racial equality. Edited by Tyler J Stibal on Sep 30 at 11:45am Reply Quizzes BigBlueButton (Conferences) Collaborations Chat Office 365 CoursEval Course Video O Amanda Bulow : Sep 30, 2021 Tyler, ī > Thank you for you contribution to this weeks discussion post. I really enjoyed reading the three points that you got out of this weeks 5 Clock error х Home myDU Topic: Week 7 - RX Microsoft Office х O Outlook w Clock error х = Clock error х Clock error х + . C dominicanu.instructure.com/courses/1696100/discussion_topics/9406686 Fall 2021-2022 Reply Home Announcements O Syllabus : O OT 10 Kaitlyn Macias Oct 8, 2021 Modules 28 Discussions Assignments Something I think others should know comes from the reading "Race Prejudice as a Sense of Group Position" and it's the 4 basic types of feelings present in race prejudice in dominant groups. This was informative to me and I think this is important to know because sometimes we wonder where peoples ideologies come from. This shows us that these feelings are embedded in their sense of superiority. 124 Grades People I think the video "What's Fueling Far-Right Hate in America" is very informative. I think everyone in the US should watch this. They mentioned the fact that % of politically violent motivated attacks were tied to alt-right ideologies is shocking. This should motivate people to fight against alt-right ideologies. I don't think enough people are aware of how extreme these groups are. Files Quizzes I learned something new watching the video "The Value of the Enslaved from Womb to Grave". I never knew about the domestic cadaver trade. Many of the bodies on the dissection tables were black. Seeing the image taken at the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill was honestly disturbing to see. It seems like they did not value the body, it seemed like they were dehumanizing the body, using it as a prop. BigBlueButton (Conferences) Collaborations O : Jessica A Lopez Oct 8, 2021 Chat Office 365 Hi Kaitlyn, CoursEval Course Video I also think that the video "What's Fueling Far-Right Hate in America" was also a very important video that should be watched by more people as it describes how it is impacting America. I also don't think that people are fully aware of how extreme these groups are and how they have continued to increase in regards to their violent acts. I think that learning more about these groups will increase conversations to fight for change and hold these groups accountable for the dangers that they are causing. O Leslie Lopez : Oct 8, 2021 ī > Hi Kaitlyn! 5 Clock error х Home | myDU X Topic: Week 7 - RX Microsoft Office х O Outlook w Clock error х F Clock error х Clock error х + . C dominicanu.instructure.com/courses/1696100/discussion_topics/9406686 Reply Fall 2021-2022 Home Announcements Oct 7, 2021 Syllabus Modules 28 Discussions O ou ☺ ☺ Assignments 124 Grades People Files Tyler J Stibal : 11 1. The first thing I want to share comes from Reading 16, Race Prejudice As a Sense of Group Position by Herbert Blumer. Throughout my time at Dominican, I have learned a concept that is related to this topic that I never applied to race and that is socialization. Socialization is often used in Political Science to determine how people come to their opinions, often through family, friends, the media, etc. However, I was only taught this concept in the political realm and never really thought how this socialization could be attributed to other concepts, such as race in this case. We learn things and ideas from those around us and that includes race. If my family and the media pay attention to paint race in a certain light, I will be more willing to accept that as fact, even if it is not. Those we are around influence us the most and we can see that in the ways in which we think about race and that can be connected to the group position and ideas shared by Blumer in this text. 2. One of the most important topics I reflected on for this week was presented in Reading 19, The Place of Race in Conservative and Far-Right Movements by Kathleen Blee and Elizabeth Yates. They argue that race is not the sole ideology among the far-right groups. As young Americans, our knowledge when it comes to conservatives and those in far-right groups are connected to Donald Trump, January 6th, or other events in the last five-ish years. This reading reminded me that race is not the only topic of discussion for these people and groups. The authors point out, "Not all far-right movements are explicitly racist; for example, some radical anti-abortion movements advocate violence that is not attached to a racial agenda... (Blee, Yates, 175) and they go on to describe other groups that focus on being pro-gun or anti-state but do not hold racist views. As we start a new political chapter in this country, I think it is important to remember that race is not the only factor in politics and for conservatives and far-right groups. 3. The whole entire idea of the Cadaver Trade talked about in the video lecture from Daina Ramey Berry and reading 21 by Douglas Massey and Jonathan Tannen is all new to me. I understand the concept and think it is great that unclaimed bodies can be used for medical schools, but the treatment of black corpses and the "janitors" was shocking. I enjoyed hearing the conversation about the "janitors" who would exhume the bodies for the universities and how this was a family business. Although it was crazy to hear that they were owned by the college, it was interesting to hear that they received amazing treatment including pay and proper burial once they passed away. Both of these materials provided me with a whole new study of this "Cadaver Trade" that I never knew existed. Quizzes BigBlueButton (Conferences) Collaborations Chat Office 365 CoursEval Course Video : Aquela D Farr Oct 7, 2021 Hi Tyler, ī > Learning that race was not the only focus of the Far-Right movement was important to me as well. I have always learned about the racially centered violence. It was also interesting to see that yes racism is a part of their agenda, in order to get their point across about white supremacy. However, the 5 Clock error х Home myDU X Topic: Week 7 - RX Microsoft Office х O Outlook X w Clock error х > Clock error х Clock error x + . C dominicanu.instructure.com/courses/1696100/discussion_topics/9406686 Reply Fall 2021-2022 Home O Announcements Amanda Bulow Oct 5, 2021 Syllabus OG凰四 O O 29 Modules 28 Discussions The first thing that I learned from the article, "Race Prejudice as a Sense of Group Position," by Herbert Blumer was that it is important to understand that the sense of group position is not just the summation of the feelings of position that may have been evolved independently by different individuals as they compare themselves to other individuals of the subordinate race. Meanings that the sense of group position refers to the position of group to group and not to the position of an individual to another individual. Where an individual with the shared virtue of the group can form the conception of another group and treat them accordingly as a representative member of that group. Assignments 124 Grades People Files The next thing that I learned from the article, "The Place of Race in Conservative and Far-Right Movements," by Katheleen Blee and Elizabeth Yates was that far-right movements explicitly promote racist ideologies with goals of violent racial terrorism. These groups have often reflected the political legacies of German Nazism or American traditions of organized racism with the goal to establish a white homeland in the Unites States. However, not all of these far-right movements are strictly related to race and has created some anti-abortion campaigns advocate violence without the attachmer of any racial agenda. Quizzes BigBlueButton (Conferences) Collaborations The last thing that I learned from the article, "The Cost of a Black Corpse," by Daina Berry was how cadavers had become tradeable good that were apart of the clandestine traffic in bodies used for anatomical education. Universities needed cadavers to be dissected, however there were no legally sanctioned sources where the legal candidates for medical dissection were often unclaimed executed criminals and enslaved people with their enslaver's consent. Part of the illegal activity involved purchasing cadavers from the clandestine market where the bodies has sold from a range of $5-$30. I found it mind- boggling that some were directly involved in the practice of grave-robbing for the sole purpose of supplying the dissecting room. Often, these people would dig up "fresh" bodies from the cemetery at night and served as the school/hospital janitor, student, or anatomy professor during the day. Chat Office 365 CoursEval Course Video o : Aquela D Farr Oct 6, 2021 Hi Amanda, Thank you for your post. I knew about the Far-Right Movement and how they used violence to inflict their racial beliefs. However, I did not know that some of the groups main focus was not always race. I did not know they created anti-abortion campaigns and other things that was not directly linked to race. I also mentioned the article "the Cost of a Black Corpse." It was crazy to read how they knew they were going to use these bodies, so they prepared them even before they were buried. However, I do not find it to surprising only because the bodies used were mainly of enslaved people. Lontitled to their hadi ī > MotoStored about the boston Liisod dosaditionat om falt
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Reflections
Week 3 - Omi & Winant
Being real imply that something exists as a fact which contradicts being factious or imaginary.
Social construction means that something is not based on reality and is defined through human
interaction. However, the race is real as opposed to its connection to social construction since race
is the first thing noted concerning humans, but according to Omi and Winant's theory of racial
formation, race establishment is "the sociohistorical process by which racial categories are created,
inhabited, transformed, and destroyed" implying that it's a social construction which is passed
through generation interaction. Also, racial formation in the context of social construction is
applied to justify various characteristics of different races which influence an individual's
experience within the society. Although race is real, it's accelerated by social construction within
families since race is what makes individuals' values and beliefs vary. More so, race is not real
when other factors like human manipulation are not present, which implies that race is more
connected to social construction than being real because if parents did not code the race mentality
to the children, the race could not exist today. Therefore, the race is not real but occurs during
human manipulation, making it a social construction due to economic and political interests.
Week 3 - John Iceland
Racial inequality encompasses disparities that impact different races in a nation. However, racial
minorities experience disparities due to insufficient economic mobility, which controls education
and wealth, implying that minorities have inadequate power to boost socio-economic equality.
More so, the absence of efficient economic mobility affects income distribution which affects
minorities in different sectors of the economy than the whites. Discrimination is not the only aspect

that results in such disparities...

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