Acute glomerulitis, health and medicine homework help

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Explanation & Answer

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 Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is

one of the most common glomerular causes of
gross hematuria in children
 it is a classic example of the acute nephritic

syndrome

characterized by
 the sudden onset of gross hematuria
 edema
 hypertension
 renal insufficiency
 oliguria

ETIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY.
 Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

follows infection of the throat or skin by certain
“nephritogenic” strains of group A β-hemolytic
streptococci.
 throat (serotype 12)

 skin (serotype 49) infections

 The factors that allow only certain strains of

streptococci to be nephritogenic remain unclear

 Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

commonly
 follows
 streptococcal pharyngitis during cold weather

months
 streptococcal skin infections or pyoderma
during warm weather months.




this disease occurs commonly sporadic.

 epidemics of nephritis have been described

in association with both throat (serotype 12)
and skin (serotype 49) infections

PATHOGENESIS.

 morphologic studies and a depression in the

serum complement (C3) level strongly suggest
that poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is
mediated by immune complexes
 the precise mechanisms by which nephritogenic

streptococci induce complex formation remain to
be determined.

 complement activation is primarily through

the alternative (immune complex–
activated) pathway.
 Antigen-antibody complexes form after

infection and are deposited in glomeruli
causing inflammation and complement
consumption

It is most common in children aged 5–
12 yr
o uncommon before the age of 3 yr.
o

 The typical patient develops an acute nephritic

syndrome
 1–2 wk after streptococcal pharyngitis
 3–6 wk after a streptococcal pyoderma.

 The severity of renal involvement varies from

asymptomatic microscopic hematuria with
normal renal fun...


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