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TASK 3: STUDY OF SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON
STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR OF CONCRETE PROPERTIES
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Table of Contents
Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... 3
Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 3
Materials used ............................................................................................................................... 4
Most common admixtures used in the preparation of supplementary cementitious materials
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Accelerating admixtures......................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
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Air-entraining admixtures ...................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
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Mineral admixtures .............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
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Shrinkage reducing admixtures ...........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
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Water reducing admixtures ................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Conclusions .....................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
References.......................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Abstract
This report analyzes how sustainable concrete materials can be prepared using
the material in the most efficient way. In this regard, for the material to be considered
sustainable on a structure point of view, it should ensure that the strength and durability
of the concrete material are preserved during its full-service life.
Taking this into account, a crucial part of the report is focused at the evaluation
of how the structural properties of the sustainable concrete material are maintained over
a prolonged period. For this purpose, a bibliographical research has been carried out to
evaluate the structural properties of the so-called green concrete, as this material has
been regarded to the most promising sustainable concrete material considering that it
both decreases the environmental impact and increases the durability.
Introduction
One crucial aspect that needs to be assessed when evaluating the sustainability
of the structural properties of a building material, and most especially, of concrete and
cementitious materials, is that their expected lifetime is rather long. In this regard, for
the material to be considered sustainable, its durability should exceed the expected fullservice life of 50-100 years without a significant variation of critical structural
properties such as the material’s strength (Müller et al, 2014).
On the other hand, the evaluation of the sustainability of the building material
should also account for the environmental impact from its production. In this regard, it
should be noted that the production of raw cement material has been redeemed as one of
the most polluting technologies considering the production of the raw concrete material
is high energy intensive and causes a large emission of carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere (Malhotra, 1999). To further aggravate this problem, the concrete material
is highly persistent in the environment, such that the environmental impact of the
resulting waste once its lifetime has expired will also need to be considered when
evaluating the overall sustainability of the concrete material (Müller et al, 2014).
Taking the above into account, the sustainability potential of the concrete can be
estimated by considering the ratio between the expected lifetime performance and
durability and the environmental impact resulting from both its manufacturing and
waste disposal. With this perspective in mind, three different approaches can be
proposed to try to enhance the sustainability of concrete materials (Müller et al, 2014):
•
Modifying the composition of the concrete material such that the potential
environmental impact is minimized while maintaining a high standard
lifetime durability
•
Improving the concrete’s performance while maintaining both its durability
and the expected environmental impact
•
Increasing the durability of the concrete material
One of the most promising approaches to decrease the potential environmental
impact is through the reduction of the amount of cement in the final concrete material.
The low cement content, or green, concrete materials have therefore been regarded as
the most promising sustainable concrete materials. However, the durability of these
materials needs to be assessed to be sure that their structural properties will be
maintained throughout the required 50-100-year lifespan.
Materials used
This report focuses on the so-called green concrete materials. These are based on
the use of a significantly lower amount of raw material in the preparation of the
concrete paste. Table 1 presents a comparison between a sample composition of a
normal concrete material and a green concrete material. As can be observed, the cement
content in dry mix in the green concrete material is significantly lower. To account for
the reduction of the amount of cement, the content of inert environmentally friendly
materials such as quartz powder or sand is increased. Furthermore, the green concrete
material has the advantage of significantly decreasing not only the cement content, but
the water content as well even if providing a higher water/cement ratio than the norma...