CSUF Contaminates Found in A Various Bodies of Water in LA Essay

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yhyhh_t

Humanities

California State University Fullerton

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TOPIC: Investigating different types of contaminates found in a various bodies of water in LA.

This is a GIS programming paper. The journals/articles should help give information and/or ideas moving forward with the topic. The point of this paper is to come up with spatial questions based on the topic, giving a general background on the topic, and the importance of it. Some spatial questions can be: How will the "contaminant" affect the marine ecosystem over time? How will it affects the population around that body of water?

Please properly cite the journals/articles. The literature Review should be at least 2 pages, single spaced, 11-pt font.

Links of articles: (at least 5 sources) If you need more sources, please only search with 1. Google Scholar and 2. ESRI website, tutorials, and documentation

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es2023913?cas...

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/...

https://www.esri.com/arcgis-blog/products/product/...

https://setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10....

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,, \-I I t &EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Research laboratory Corvallis OR 97333 Research and Development EPA-600/53-82-070 ' Jan. 1983 Project Summary Consumption Rates of Potentially Hazardous Marine Fish Caught in the Metropolitan Los Angeles Area Harold W. Puffer, Stanley P. Azen, Marysia J. Duda, and David R. Young In 1978, the California Department of Fish and Game carried out a major independent sportfishing survey in Southern California.' Results indicated that considerable fishing effort was expended (one million angler-trip hours per year). that 75% of the catch was composed of 20 species, and that one in three fish caught was a white croaker. White croaker has been shown to contain large amounts of DDT (average = 39 pg/g)2 and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB). Concentrations of PCBs have been reported that range from 0.6 pg/ g within the Los Angeles Harbor3 to 2.8 pg/g near the White Point sewage outfall. 2 The survey also reported some catches of shellfish. Shellfish have been shown to be contaminated with heavy metals as well as the carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene. No data were obtained. however, to indicate that the fishermen consumed the fish or shellfish. This report presents the results of a 1980 survey to assess the consumption rates of potentially hazardous marine fish and shellfish by nonprofessional anglers in the Los Angeles metropolitan area; to identify population subgroups with a significant consumption rate; and to estimate the size of the population potentially exposed to harmful pollutants. This Projsct Summary was davs/oped by EPA's Environments/ Research Labo1ato1y, co,vallis, OR, to announce key findings of the res1arch project that is fully documented in a separate report of the same title (see Project Report ordering information at back). Introduction During the period of October to December 1979, a questionnaire on sportfishing and catch consumption was designed to obtain information from fishermen in the los Angeles Metropolitan area: (a) demographic characteristics of the fishermen and their family/living group; (b) patterns of fishing activity; (c) species, numbers, and weights of fish caught; and (d) characteristics of fish consumption in the family/living group. Distinction was made between those fishermen who caught fish for consumption and those who caught fish for other purposes (for example, pet food or fertilizer). location of Survey Sites Numerous fishing locations in the harbor and coastal areas of Los Angeles were evaluated as possible survey sites and 12 representative locations were identified. The California Department of Fish and Game confirmed that these sites (Figures 1a and 1b) were fished ' 3 11 Santa Monica Pier 12 Party Boat · , Gerald Desmond Bridge Lang Beach Belmont Beach Pier San Pedro // San Pedro Bay 0 Figure 1 a. Miles 2 Location of survey sites. (Team 1). frequently and contained abundant marine life. In addition, the sites were affected by varying degrees of pollution. Two of the sites (sites 7 and 8) were near sewage outfalls. The major Los Angeles County piers were included in the survey (sites 1, 5, and 8-11 ). Party boats (sites 6 and 12) were included because many sportfishermen do not fish from piers, shore, or breakwater areas. Fishermen using private boats were excluded from the study because their fishing sites were too random, ranging from areas of pollution impact to pristine waters, and covered too broad an area to be surveyed adequately with the resources available. Surveying Procedures Four surveyors visited each of the 12 sites, usually in teams of two. Attempts were made to survey each site approximately three times/month on different days of the week and different times of the day. The survey period was January 1 through December 31, 1980; 400 visits were made to the 1 2 sites. On each visit, surveyors recorded the number of fishermen at the site, their sex, race, and approximate age. All fishermen were counted; however, only those with fish were interviewed. No fisherman was interviewed more than once during the study. When more than 20 fishermen at a site had fish, a systematic sampling approach was used. 2 Results From January 1 to December 31, 1980 a total of 1,059 interviews were conducted from an estimated sportfishing population of at least 31,351. About 60% of the interviews were done during the week, 40% on the weekend. Nearly two-thirds of the survey days were sunny. During January, mid-February, and March, heavy rains caused a reduction in the number of interviews. Heavy erosion and landslide conditions closed Abalone Cove (site 7) from late March until November; consequently, Point Vicente was substituted as a survey site (see Figures 1a and 1b). In early spring, quarantines of about ten days were imposed in Santa Monica Bay and Los Angeles/Long Beach harbors due to heavy sewage overflow. During that period, interviews could not be obtained. Also, Gerald Desmond Bridge (site-3) was closed in March and from mid-September to December. Illegal disposal of chemicals caused closure of sites 9-11 from December 9 to 17. Demographic characteristics of the interviewed sportfishermen and their family/living groups indicate the majority of those interviewed were male, Caucasian, 18 to 40 years old, employed, and living with three or more persons. Youths (::=;:17 years) who fished with their parents were under-represented in the interviewed sample since, in most cases, the adult was interviewed 0 Miles 5 7 Abalone Cove· San Pedro . . Los Angeles County Outfalls '
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Investigating Different Types of Contaminants Found in Various Bodies of Water in Los
Angeles(LA)

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Investigating Different Types of Contaminants Found in Various Bodies of Water in Los
Angeles(LA)
Literature Review
Common knowledge has it that water is an important part of life. It is used not only for drinking
by humans but also for multiple agricultural activities such as irrigation, and drinking by livestock. Water
provides support to all marine life as some sea creatures such as fish cannot survive without water. As
beneficial as various water bodies are, human beings are not careful enough to maintain the required
sanitation to keep the water bodies habitable. The careless behaviors, whether knowingly or unknowingly
end up polluting water, destroying marine creatures ’habitats, and human beings ingesting potentially
harmful substances. Some common ways of water contamination include; dumping of household human
waste into water bodies, having untreated sewerage systems near water bodies, companies and factories
releasing residual waste products into water bodies, etc. In most countries, various regulations and
policies have been put in place to discourage water pollution. Researchers on the other hand have been
committed to putting in writing their observations regarding this matter. This piece of work is a literature
review on different types of contaminants found in LA’s water bodies. The articles used are from wellknown authors and their information can be trusted as it was obtained through authentic and first-hand
data collections techniques i.e interviews with fishermen, surveys, etc.
Why This Topic?
Although most people know that they are not supposed to dump waste into water bodies, they
may not know the dangers of doing it. Some people even continue to fish and consume fish from water
bodies that have been identified as containing potentially harmful substances. This could be out of
ignorance or simply that they do not understand the severity of the matter. Creating awareness on the
importance of both monitoring the concentration of contaminants and keeping water bodies can go a long
way in improving the quality of life. With tough economic times during the COVID 19 e...


Anonymous
Just what I was looking for! Super helpful.

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