Most people attribute the creation of law enforcement and intelligence fusion centers with the events of September 11, 2001. However, from 1999–2002, a series of major events primed policy makers within the U.S. intelligence and law enforcement communities to formalize cross-community information sharing activities and ultimately to create an effective law enforcement and intelligence information-sharing environment. As the new millennium was set to begin, Ahmed Ressam (the Millennium Bomber) was stopped as he exited a ferry crossing from Canada to a remote U.S. entry point. The contents found in his trunk would have allowed Ressam to achieve his goal of setting off an explosive device at the Los Angeles airport. This event, which occurred just two years before 9/11, led to meetings regarding the creation of some type of fusion and/or sharing process. Further discussions would advance this idea in the fall of 2002. In October of 2002, unprovoked shootings in the Washington DC metropolitan area resulted in 10 people dead and three critically injured. At the outset of these shootings, a massive police investigation across local and federal levels developed to apprehend the so-named Beltway Sniper. Local and federal law enforcement officials in the East attempted to fit the pieces together and analyze messages left by the killer or killers. This sniper case, combined with previous lessons learned, culminated in the realization for the need to formalize a multijurisdictional information-sharing activity. Members from across the law enforcement community—combining with elements of the homeland security, defense, and intelligence communities—set about institutionalizing this effort as quickly as possible.Assignment GuidelinesFor this assignment, you are a member of the law enforcement community tasked with institutionalizing this effort.Address the following in 2-3 pages:What are the challenges for federal, state, and local law enforcement in collecting intelligence information as it pertained to these two events? Explain.What lessons were learned from these events with regards to intelligence collection and information-sharing? Explain.What recommendations can you offer on how to create an information-sharing environment? Explain.How would your recommendation effectively formalize multijurisdictional information sharing to counter some of existing challenges? Explain.Be sure to reference all sources using APA style.

References may be found in the APUS library or search engines such as Google Scholar. The paper must include at least five, peer-reviewed sources that cover your chosen topic from the list below. Keep in mind that 5 is the minimum. A good quality research paper usually contains in excess of 10. Sources should be less than 10 years old and if using statistical data, it should be less than 5 years old. Do not forget to use in-text citations to credit your sources. Note that references used for your research need to be peer-reviewed/scholarly journals. These journals typically have the following characteristics: 1. articles are reviewed by a panel of experts before they are accepted for publication; 2. articles are written by a scholar or specialist in the field; 3. articles report on original research or experimentation; 4. are often published by professional associations; 5. utilize terminology associated with the discipline. Use of newspapers, news magazines, and similar periodicals must be kept to a minimum and will be acceptable only as sources for supplementary information. References like "Wikipedia," "Psychology Today," and "Court TV" are not primary sources, are not peer-reviewed (reviewed for empirical integrity, accuracy, and authenticity), and are not appropriate references for scholarly writing (with the possible exception of use for anecdotal background information). This assignment is a criminal profiling research paper. The student will pick a high-profile criminal listed on the assignment page and explain the biological, situational, and developmental factors that contributed to this criminal's behavior to include geographic mobility, victimology, and M.O./signature. Examples of Possible Criminal Profiles David Berkowitz (son of sam) Dennis Rader (BTK) Ted Bundy Jeffry Dahmer Albert Fish John Wayne Gacy Aileen Wuornos Make sure you provide the following: 1. Give a thorough description of the criminal's background (life story). 2. Utilize course material to explain the criminal's behavior to include geographical mobility, victimology, modus operandi, and signature 3. Discuss how psychological theories and research contributed to the apprehension, prosecution, understanding and/or treatment of this criminal. The paper should be of high quality, free of spelling and grammatical errors, and of original work. 

You have been asked by the state legislators to submit an analysis of the pros and cons of this type of punishment. You need to evaluate whether indeterminate sentencing is appropriate for all types of offenses and juvenile offenders. You’ve also been asked to consider whether the diversion of cases outside the juvenile justice system leads to lower rates of subsequent delinquent behavior than traditional processing. Based on your readings, research, and discussions with peers, you should now create an analysis report for state legislators that covers the following: Begin by reviewing the current state of juvenile criminal recidivism. Assess whether, in general, existing prevention, punishment, and rehabilitation efforts appear to be successful. Explain the pros and cons of indeterminate sentencing and its appropriateness for different types of juvenile offenders. Describe the impact of indeterminate sentencing on recidivism. Discuss the effectiveness of diversion programs for juvenile offenders. Use data to support your conclusions. Evaluate the effectiveness of restorative justice efforts. Do they reduce recidivism? Do they provide victims with greater satisfaction than traditional punishments?