Write an Argument Essay, engineering homework help

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ead Chapter 16: Argument Essays

Read Chapter 20: Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing

Write an Argument Essay.

Prompt: Choose ONE of the following topics for your essay:

1. When is military force justified?

2. Should parents be held responsible for the crimes of their children?

3. Should academic achievement be a primary concern for college admission?

4.Should YouTube comments be regulated?

5. Should countries drill for oil in protected areas to reduce gas prices?

You must choose one the essay options that I have provided for this assignment. If you submit an essay that does not respond to one of the prompts, your essay will not be accepted as an appropriate response to this writing assignment; instead, you will be asked to write another essay that does respond to the prompt you were assigned.

Please note: The required word length for the final draft of this essay is 500-750 words.

Research Requirement : As you read the chapter readings, note how the authors use researched material to support their arguments. To successfully complete your persuasive essay assignment, you must incorporate at least two sources (either credible online sources or library resources) within your work to support and advance your claims . DO NOT USE WIKIPEDIA. Any Persuasive Essay Final Draft that does not incorporate research from at least two "outside" sources (sources other than your course textbook) will receive a failing grade . Use the knowledge you gained from completing last week's research and citation exercises to help you develop your essay.

Be sure to reference your Lectures - Week Six folder for helpful information on writing argumentation.

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Argument and Persuasion: Chapter Twelve Outline I. What is Argument and Persuasion? A. Arguments are assertions designed to convince readers to accept an idea, adopt a solution, or change their way of thinking. Writers use reason and facts to support their arguments and disprove or dispute opposing arguments or opinions (Connelly 531). When writing an argumentative essay, the student writer should always suspect that his/her audience (the reader) holds an opposing viewpoint; this way, the student writer shapes his/her argument with the ideas of the opposition in mind. Knowing opposing viewpoints to an argument can help student writers anticipate and develop refuting claims. When the writer of an argumentative essay anticipates the arguments of their opposition, they become more credible to their audience. The reader of an argumentative essay that possess both original supporting points and defensive points of refutation will find the author of the essay more credible because he/she is well-prepared and well-researched on his/her topic. 2. In anticipating your opposition, consider questions like the following: a. How strong is the opposition? b. What arguments might it use against my proposition? c. How can I refute these arguments? d. Will I have to concede any points? e. Which of my arguments might the opposition try to discredit? f. How closely does my reader identify with the opposition? g. Can I see any weak links in the opposition's thinking? B. Persuasion uses emotional, logical, and ethical appeals to convince readers to accept the validity of an argument. Writers traditionally use three basic appeals to convince readers to accept their ideas or take action: logic; emotion; and ethics. 1. Logic supports a point of view or proposed action through reasoned arguments and presentation of evidence. a. Examples of logical appeals include test results, statistics, expert testimony, eyewitness testimony, and surveys. 2. Emotion uses images, sensations, or shock appeals to lead people to react in a desired manner. a. Emotional appeals respond to the following human needs and desires: Creativity; Achievement; Independence; Conformity; Endurance; and Fear (reference pages 532-33 of your course textbook for definitions of these terms). 3. Ethics use shared values to influence people. Like emotional appeals, ethical appeals reflect deeply held convictions rather than personal motivations. a. The following is a list of the values we tap into when making ethical appeals: Religion; Patriotism; Standards of Good; Humanitarianism (reference page 533 of your course textbook for explanations of these terms). II. Some Thoughts on Your Argumentative Essay: The major point of an argumentative essay (thesis statement) must be adequately supported by strong minor supporting claims. Each of the minor supporting claims a student author includes in his/her argumentative essay’s body should be validated using persuasive appeals. The student author should try to incorporate all or most types of appeals within his/her argument, as a successful argumentative essay is one that is well-formed and thorough. For this essay, I would suggest that you create an outline of your argument before you begin to write. Structure the body of your essay so that each paragraph illustrates one supporting minor claim that responds to one kind of appeal. For example, you may use emotion to create your first supporting minor claim, logic to form your second, and ethics to form your third. The kind of evidence you choose to support your argument will only be effective if it works to advance your claim. Since the required length of your final essay for this assignment is only 500 words, be sure to use the strongest supporting claims you have considered to develop your argument. I DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY INFORMATION Descriptive writing portrays people, places, things, moments and ideas with enough vivid detail to help the reader create a mental picture of what is being written about. Description creates impressions through sensory details (touch, taste, sight, smell, sound) and imagery. Refer to pages 124-127 of your course textbook under the title, “The Language of Description,” for word usage instruction. Page 173 of your book lists “Strategies for Writing Description” as well. Also refer to the “Description Checklist” on pages 178 and 179 of your text before you submit your work. Things to Consider as You Write Your Descriptive Essay • • • • • • • • • • Think of an instance that you want to describe. Why is this particular instance important? What were you doing? What other things were happening around you? Is there anything specific that stands out in your mind? What sights, smells, sounds, and tastes were in the air? Did the sights, smells, sounds, and tastes remind you of anything? What were you feeling at that time? What do you want the reader to feel after reading the paper? What types of words and images can convey this feeling? Can you think of another situation that was similar to the one you are writing about? How can it help explain what you are writing about? Is there enough detail in your essay to create a mental image for the reader? Conventions of Descriptive Essays Illustrated by Sample Paragraphs • Appealing-to-the-Senses Description: Let the reader see, smell, hear, taste, and feel what you write in your essay. The thick, burnt scent of roasted coffee tickled the tip of my nose just seconds before the old, faithful alarm blasted red a distorted top-forty through its tiny top speaker. Wiping away the grit of last night's sleep, the starch white sunlight blinded me momentarily as I slung my arm like an elephant trunk along the top of the alarm, searching for the snooze button. While stretching hands and feet to the four posts of my bed, my eyes opened after several watery blinks. I crawled out of the comforter, edging awkwardly like a butterfly from a cocoon, swinging my legs over the side of the bed. The dusty pebbles on the chilled, wood floor sent ripples spiraling from my ankles to the nape of my neck when my feet hit the floor. Grabbing the apricot, terri-cloth robe, recently bathed in fabric softener and October wind, I knotted it tightly at my waist like a prestigious coat of armor and headed downstairs to battle the morning. • Spatial-Order Description: Show the reader where things are located from your perspective. Billy Ray's Pawn Shop and Lawn Mower Repair looked like a burial ground for country auction rejects. The blazing, red, diesel fuel tanks beamed in front of the station, looking like cheap lipstick against the pallid, wrinkled texture of the parking lot sand. The yard, not much larger than the end zone at General G. Patton High School on the north end of town, was framed with a rusted metallic hedge of lawn mowers, banana seat bicycles, and corroded oil drums. It wasn't a calico frame of rusted parts, but rather an orchestra of unwanted machinery that Billy Ray had arranged into sections. The yellow-tanked mowers rested silently at the right of the diesel fuel. Once red, now faded orange, mowers stood at attention to the left. The bikes rested sporadically throughout the lot. In the middle of it all was the office, a faded, steel roof supported by cheap two-by-fours and zebra paneling. Billy Ray was at home, usually, five blocks east of town on Kennel Road. Principles, Conventions, and Strategies for Descriptive Writing • • • • • • A descriptive essay can be objective or subjective, thus giving the author a wide choice of tone and diction. For instance, an objective description of one's dog would mention such facts as height, weight, coloring and so forth. A subjective description would include the above details, but would also stress the author's feeling toward the dog, as well as its personality and habits. The purpose of a purely descriptive essay is to involve the reader enough so he or she can actually visualize the things being described; therefore, it is important to use specific and concrete details. The descriptive essay relies on concrete, sensory details to communicate its point. Remember, we have five senses, not one or two. Description very often relies on emotion to convey its point. Because of this, verbs, adverbs, and adjectives convey more to the reader than do nouns. Select an emotion and try to describe it. It might be more difficult to get started, but it can be worthwhile. Try moving your reader through space and time chronologically. For instance, you might want to describe a train ride from start to destination, or a stream from its source to the point at which it joins the river. Use a then-and-now approach to show decay, change, or improvement. The house where you grew up might now be a rambling shack. The variations on this strategy are endless.
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Running Head: ARGUMENT ESSAY

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Argument Essay
Name
Institutional Affiliation

ARGUMENT ESSAY

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When is military force justified?

The military is expected to work within the laws and limits. However, there are times
when the military uses excessive force. In most cases, this force is not necessary. However,
there are times when the military is left with no choice but to act using excessive force and
the people accept and support them. There are many instances when the use of excessive
force is justified. The use of military force is justified when there is an impending danger or
threats to political boundaries of a country. If a country is on the verge of being invaded by
an enemy, the country has the right to use exce...


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