Monmouth University Impact of COVID-19 on Athletes Research Paper

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COVID-19 & How It Changed Athletes’ Lives Forever COVID-19 & How It Changed Athletes’ Lives Forever Nikkei Rutty Monmouth University 1 References Adams, W. M., & Périard, J. D. (2020). Returning to Sport Following COVID-19: Considerations for Heat Acclimatization in Secondary School Athletics. Sports Medicine, 50(9), 1555–1557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01301-z CDC. (2020, February 11). COVID-19 and Your Health. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/long-term-effects/index.html Fitzgerald, H., & Rubin, B. (2021). Shibboleth Authentication Request. Login.ezproxy.monmouth.edu. https://www-sciencedirectcom.ezproxy.monmouth.edu/science/article/pii/S1526054221000282 Gilic, B., Zenic, N., Separovic, V., Jurcev Savicevic, A., & Sekulic, D. (2021). Evidencing the influence of pre-pandemic sports participation and substance misuse on physical activity during the COVID‑19 lockdown: a prospective analysis among older adolescents. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health. https://doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01733 Kim, J. (2020, July 28). Coronavirus Disease 2019 and the Athletic Heart: Emerging Perspectives on Pathology, Risks, and Return to Play | Cardiology | JAMA Cardiology | JAMA Network. Jamanetwork.com. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2772399 Passavanti, M., Argentieri, A., Barbieri, D. M., Lou, B., Wijayaratna, K., Foroutan Mirhosseini, A. S., Wang, F., Naseri, S., Qamhia, I., Tangerås, M., Pelliciari, M., & Ho, C.-H. (2021). The psychological impact of COVID-19 and restrictive measures in the world. Journal of Affective Disorders, 283, 36–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.020 2 Sarto, F., Impellizzeri, F. M., Spörri, J., Porcelli, S., Olmo, J., Requena, B., SuarezArrones, L., Arundale, A., Bilsborough, J., Buchheit, M., Clubb, J., Coutts, A., Nabhan, D., Torres-Ronda, L., Mendez-Villanueva, A., Mujika, I., Maffiuletti, N. A., & Franchi, M. V. (2020). Impact of Potential Physiological Changes due to COVID-19 Home Confinement on Athlete Health Protection in Elite Sports: a Call for Awareness in Sports Programming. Sports Medicine, 50(8), 1417–1419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-02001297-6 Wong, A., Lee, D., & Ling, S. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports and exercise. Asia-Pacific Journal of Sports Medicine, Arthroscopy, Rehabilitation and Technology, 22, 39–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asmart.2020.07.006 Nikkei Rutty HE 290 – Health Research Methods Literature Review Form This form has been developed to assist students in evaluating and synthesizing information for appropriate use in Literature Review. Please complete this form for each of your six peerreviewed articles and two research/professional websites. APA Reference Sarto, F., Impellizzeri, F. M., Spörri, J., Porcelli, S., Olmo, J., Requena, B., . . . Franchi, M. V. (2020). Impact of potential physiological changes due to COVID‑19 home confinement on athlete health protection in elite sports: A call for awareness in sports programming. Sports Medicine, 50(8), 1417-1419. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.monmouth.edu/10.1007/s40279-02001297-6 Article Hypothesis(es) Covid-19 has dramatically affected elite sports and their athletes with the suspensions and postponements of major events and championships. Athletes have been confined to their homes and are forced to train on their own, without supervision. Research Methods It uses descriptive research to explain the problems that arise in an athlete’s life with the necessary adjustments needed to stay safe during the pandemic. It also uses research to inform readers’ about the dangers of athletes suddenly stopping and going through workouts and game-like situations with an abundance of off-time. Nikkei Rutty Participant Characteristics I do not believe there were any particular participants in this article. Statistical Evaluation Moreover, significant deterioration in tendon mechanical properties also occurs (e.g. ∼ 10% in tendon stiffness and Young’s modulus after two weeks of ULLS) . How were the tools/findings validated? Are they reliable? Valid? Reliable? I do not believe that this research is valid due to the fact that different sports require different amounts of training and affect different muscles. I do believe the information is reliable due to studies being done and completed by the authors that are in schools of medicine or related to health. Two Direct Quotes “Athletes on their return to sports with in-text Citation journey may suffer from inappropriate rehabilitation/reconditioning and,therefore, a higher risk of reinjury, when championships would suddenly continue” (Sarto, 2020). “With this perspective, we aim to recommend extreme caution in sports programming after the COVID-19 emergency and we advise to involve all stakeholders in the decisions “ (Sarto, 2020). Nikkei Rutty “As of right now, it is very hard Two Paraphrased Quotes with in-text to pinpoint when the exact date elite sports will return” (Sarto, Citation 2020). “The occurrence of injuries in athletes happens most due to the fact that there is a complex functionality between the loading of, strain of and stress of the tissue” (Sarto, 2020). Nikkei Rutty Nikkei Rutty Health Research Literature Review: Students will select a health topic to research, that has some connection (actual or implied) to sars-cov-2 or COVID19. Each student will continue to study this health topic throughout the semester across several assignments. There will be 25% points deducted from an assignment for each 24-hour period it is late. APA format is required for ALL assignments. 1. APA Title Page & Reference Sheets (100 pts) To begin the Health Research Project, students will first identify at least six (6) peer-reviewed research articles or professional reports and two (2) websites (total of 8 references minimum) that explain their topic. They will then create a reference list, by completing LR Reference Sheets for the six a (6) of the research articles/reports and two (2) websites with full citation information (author, year, article title, journal, volume, issue, page number, and doj or retrieved from) as well as paraphrased and direct quotes to be used as in-text citations using correct APA format. All sources must be current (2016- present). Additionally, students will make an APA formatted title page (1pg) and attach it to their, reference sheets and one page references list. Title page and references should be turned in via eCampus, by 11:59pm on the day listed in the course schedule. 2. Literature Review Outline (3pg) (50pts) After reviewing references students have gathered, students will create a detailed outline to plan out the upcoming Literature Review. Ultimately, the goal is for students to SYNTHESIZE findings from previous studies, NOT simply summarize Study 1 then Study 2 then Study 3 etc. Components of the outline include an introduction, body paragraphs, a hypothesis statement, and a conclusion. At this stage, students will create topic sentences for each paragraph that will be in the Literature Review. The general format includes: First paragraphs = broad introduction (includes citations) Middle paragraphs = more specific information from references (includes citations) Last paragraphs = why a new study is needed + specific hypotheses A template of the outline is provided on eCampus. Lab time will be dedicated to working on the outline. Outlines are uploaded electronically to eCampus by the due date in the course schedule. 3. Literature Review - Draft (10pgs) (200 pts) Using their Literature Review Outlines as a foundation, students will create supporting sentences for each paragraph. All aspects (font, spacing, headings, etc.) of the Literature Review Draft should comply with APA standards. At this stage, students are encouraged to seek out support from Writing Services on campus for help with readability/flow, APA style, sentence structure, or any other issues they need support with regarding writing. TWO COPIES of the draft (one hardcopy for peer editor, one electronic copy to Turnitin) should be turned in via eCampus on the course schedule due date. Mwa to W 4. Literature Review Peer Edit (2pg) (50pts) So that students can learn from each other's work and also practice evaluating literature reviews, students will switch their draft with another student's draft. Students will assess the draft in the context of the scoring rubric for the final Literature Review assignment. They expected to (double spaced) of written feedback, which includ includes a minimum of three critiques, to the who draft. Additionally, they will mark-up the original draft in Track Changes. To receive credit, editing students should scan and upload the marked-up draft, the rubric, and their written feedback to eCampus. This feedback is also returned back to the original owner, so they can incorporate this peer feedback prior to the final Literature Review submission. provide 2pgs created the student 5. Literature Review - Final Paper (10pgs, revised) (100pts) Students will incorporate both instructor feedback from the outline and peer feedback from the draft into a final copy of the Literature Review. This Literature Review is then attached to the Title Page, Outline, and List of References from the previous assignment. Literature Reviews should be turned in as a hardcopy in class and an electronic copy to Turnitin on the day listed in the course schedule.
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COVID-19 and the affect that it has had on athletes' lives
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Introduction
The world and per se the sports industry are still coming to terms with the effects
COVID-19 has had on sports and athletics. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic sports event,
competitions and tournaments have been and are still being postponed and canceled. The 2020
Olympics and Paralympics that was held in Tokyo Japan was stipulated to take place in 2020
was held in 2021.Athletes are facing difficulties adjusting to changes made in the competition
calendar. As a result of this pandemic researchers, sports stakeholders, event organizers, and
athletes have raised concerns and questions on to cope with COVID-19. These questions focus
on athletes' lives and the effects COVID-19 has had on their lives permanently. The sports
industry undoubtedly is still grappling with the impacts of this global pandemic. The sports
industry is undoubtedly one of the biggest industries in the world generating over 500 US$
billion yearly. Sports professionals are the most affected ones. Athletes' lives have permanently
changed.
The COVID-19 pandemic has been termed a world disease. The COVID-19 virus comes
from a family of viruses known as Coranaviridae, Data from the global health
organization(WHO) accounts for over 95 million infection cases with over one million deaths as
of January 2021. Although many scholars and researchers have carried out several studies to
address issues on ways to organize future events, how to ensure the sports calendar runs
smoothly without disruption, what technology and mediums to use to communicate with sports
fans around the globe. The need to conduct these studies has been influenced by the fact that
Covid-19 is likely to be with us for a rather long period. This predicament has made sports
stakeholders introduce new modalities that have changed the global sports calendar. These new
changes consequently affect the lives of athletes in the sense that athletes are forced to new to

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these new transitions regardless of whether they are willing or had planned to conform to these
changes.
Although many areas around the world have started to see a drop in Covid-19 infections
ideally interpreted as “the COVID-19 curve flattening” Scholars and researchers have
continuously conducted studies to examine the extensive and immediate impacts COVID-19 has
on athletes. One research study has been conducted by Adams and Périard (2020) which pointed
out several factors that significantly affect athletes. They noted that due to the risk of Covid-19
WHO recommendations on measures to avoid Covid-19 contractions many people, not withstanding athletes were to avoid crowds.
These phenomena lead athletes to conduct their training in enclosed spaces. Most of these
spaces generate a lot of heat which in turn affects athletes' cardiovascular making them heat
tolerant. Despite this outcome Adams and Périard (2020) argues that these kinds of training that
seek to improve an athlete’s fitness have low significant value on the athletes. Their literature
work further noted that as a result of home confinement due to the impending risk of getting
infected by COVID-19 many athletes displayed random acts of mental instability in form of
tension and stress disorders. Such mental issues are caused by a variety of factors for instance a
disruptive sports calendar which in turn affects their daily routines. These routine disruptions
make athletes fall into depression negatively affecting their lives. These kinds of challenges
according to psychologists’ report a key contributor to the high cases of depression and mental
strain among athletes. With the never-ending thought of getting infected with COVID-19 sports,
organizers have subjected athletes to numerous medical check-ups often leading to anxiety and
panic attacks which we not well treated can lead to chronic mental ailments such as
schizophrenia. By trying to cope with these pressures of maintaining a good social life while still

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enhancing their performance challenges arise in the sense most of these athletes feel
overwhelmed. Researchers note that despite experiencing such feelings and emotions most
athletes refrain from seeking help in what they are going through with many of these sports
professionals resort to smoking, alcohol, and adopting unhealthy sleeping and eating disorders.
The COVID -19 outbreak led to an increase in gyms, training grounds and which s...