HI 315 Bentley University History Mughal Architecture Discussion

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History 317 Paper Proposal DEADLINE: Due on November 22 The essay is due by 6 pm on November 22 and should be uploaded under “Assignments” on the course Blackboard site. The paper proposal should introduce your topic and how it figures into the larger issues of our class. You may want to address some of the source materials we have engaged with in class or themes we have read (or will read) in contextualizing your own research project. This proposal should be 3-5 pages in length. Possible Topics: This is a writing project where you have an opportunity to explore a topic of your own interest – either going deeper into an issue discussed in class or marginal to our discussions. The topic can be relatively flexible, but do remember to address it in terms of its historical implications (for instance if you’re interested in a contemporary issue address its historical development). Be careful in citing texts within your paper and always reference arguments which are not your own – whether you paraphrase ideas or quote word for word references. Some possible topics which students in the past have written on include: the history of the Silk Road, Mughal architecture, gender roles in the Mahabharata, history of the Jewish community in colonial India, lives of diasporic Indian Parsis, a cross-cultural critique of epic in the Greek and Sanskrit traditions or a biography of a major figure (e.g. Gandhi, Akbar, Ashoka, etc.). There’s a lot of flexibility on what you might wish to write on! Just pick something that will enthuse and captivate your imagination and try to be as focused as possible. In addition to the paper discussion, please provide an annotated bibliography. The bibliography should include both primary and secondary sources. For the bibliography, at least 4-5 secondary sources and 1-3 primary sources would be good. Some of you will rely principally on one primary source (oral history, memoir, newspaper articles, political speeches, biographies, film, novels, short stories, etc.); others of you will engage with several. It will depend on the nature of your topic. Provide the publishing information for each source (author, title, city of publication, publishing house, year of publication) and a brief description (1-2 sentences) of why each source will be important for your paper. Some useful electronic databases for scholarly articles (accessible online through the Bentley Library) include: googlescholar, JSTOR, or Proquest. Certain books or partial reproductions of books (including out of print texts) are available through googlebooks online. Again, this is a preliminary proposal for your topic. It can be changed and rewritten before the final paper is handed in. Best of Luck! Electronic Information [Note: The Turabian 6th edition has very limited examples for citing online and electronic resources. These examples have been adapted from those examples.] Full-Text Article [from online database] Bibliography: Nussbaum, Bruce. "Maya Lin's World." Business Week, 18 December 2000. Available from Academic Search Premier, Item 3848251. Http://www.lib.ohio-state.edu/cgi-bin/ redirect.cgi?dbn=268. Accessed 13 July,2002. Footnote: Bruce Nussbaum, "Maya Lin's World." Business Week, 18 December 2000. Database on-line. Available from Academic Search Premier, Item 3848251. Http://www.lib.ohio-state.edu/cgi-bin/ redirect.cgi?dbn=268. Accessed 13 July 2002. In-Text: (Nussbaum, 2002) Web Site [No examples or information given for citing Web pagesin Turabian 6th edition.] Library Instruction Office 101E Main Library 1858 Neil Ave. Mall (614) 292-5172 Guide for Citing Resources— Turabian Style This guide is based on Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations 6th ed. 1996. Examples are shown for books, articles, and online resources. Bibliography items are listed alphabetically at the end of the research paper. Items are referred to in the body of the paper using the Footnote or In-Text style. For other examples, please refer to the Manual for Writers available in the Reference collections in the Thompson (Main) Library; Education, Human Ecology, Psychology, and Social Work Library; and other Ohio State University Libraries. (LB 2369 T8 1996). Book For more information on citing online resources, please see: net.TUTOR Quick Guide: Citing Net Sources Instruction Office 8/30/05 (one author) Bibliography: Wurman, Richard Saul. Information Anxiety 2. Indianapolis, IN: QUE, 2001. Footnote: Richard Saul Wurman, Information Anxiety 2 (Indianapolis, IN: QUE, 2001), 71. In-Text: (Wurman 2001, 71) Articles and Dissertations (print) Books Book Journal Article (two to three authors) Bibliography: Strunk, William, and E. B. White. The Elements of Style. New York: Macmillan, 1972. Footnote: William Strunk and E. B. White, The Elements of Style (New York: Macmillan, 1972), 27. In-Text: (Strunk and White 1972, 27) Book Bibliography: Davis, Philip. "The Effect of the Web on Undergraduate Citation Behavior: A 2000 Update." College & Research Libraries 63 (January 2002): 53-60. Footnote: Philip Davis, "The Effect of the Web on Undergraduate Citation Behavior: A 2000 Update," College & Research Libraries 63 (January 2002): 57. In-Text: (Davis 2002, 57) (more than three authors) Bibliography: Footnote: In-Text: Russon, Anne, Kim Bard, and Sue Taylor Parker, eds. Reaching Into Thought : The Minds of the Great Apes. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Anne Russon and others, eds., Reaching Into Thought: The Minds of the Great Apes (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 134. (author and editor named) Footnote: In-Text: Bibliography: Chelminski, Rudy. "Unearthing Athens' Underworld." Smithsonian 33, no. 8 (November 2002): 120-125. Footnote: Rudy Chelminski, "Unearthing Athens' Underworld," Smithsonian 33, no. 8 (November 2002): 122. In-Text: (Chelminski 2002, 122) (Russon and others, 1996, 134) Published Proceedings Bibliography: Magazine Article Summey, Terri Pedersen. "Translating Information Competencies from High School to College." In First Impressions, Lasting Impact: Proceedings of the Twenty-eighth National LOEX Library Instruction Conference Held in Ypsilanti, Michigan 19-20 May 2000, edited by Julia K. Nims, 135-138. Ann Arbor, MI: Pierian Press, 2002. Newspaper Article Bibliography: [rarely listed separately in a bibliography if cited only once or twice.] Footnote: William Broad, "For Parts, NASA Boldly Goes...on eBay," New York Times, 19 July 2002, 24. In-Text: (New York Times, 19 July 2002) Thesis or Dissertation Bibliography: Terri Pedersen Summey, "Translating Information Competencies from High School to College," in First Impressions, Lasting Impact: Proceedings of the Twenty-eighth National LOEX Library Instruction Conference Held in Ypsilanti, Michigan 19-20 May 2000, ed. Julia K. Nims, 135-138. (Ann Arbor, MI: Pierian Press, 2002), 136. Iyer, Naresh Sundaram. "A Family of Dominance Filters for Multiple Criteria Decision Making: Choosing the Right Filter for a Decision Situation." Ph.D. diss., Ohio State University, 2001. Footnote: Naresh Sundaram Iyer, "A Family of Dominance Filters for Multiple Criteria Decision Making: Choosing the Right Filter for a Decision Situation" (Ph.D. diss., Ohio State University, 2001), 52. (Summey, 2002, 136) In-Text: (Iyer 2001, 52) Bhavya Doshi HI 315 SN1 FA20 Project Paper Proposal 11/22/2020 Bollywood Cinema The cinema culture establishes its origin in the West. However, as years progressed, cinema adapted the Indian culture entirely from its myths, legends, folks, and theatrical forms. As a result, this gave rise to Bollywood cinema. With its uniqueness in the manner of telling a story, creating tension, and fashion, Bollywood cinema has been the preference of many. This paper will conduct thorough research on Bollywood cinema, particularly the different themes relevant and applicable in such types of films. ‘Bollywood 100 Years’ by Lalit Mohan Joshi and ‘Popular Indian Cinema through a Transnational Lens’ by Raminder Kaur and Ajay J. Silva reveal several aspects of themes such as theme of love, social concerns, poverty, success, marriage, and politics. Additionally, the five articles in the annotated bibliography play an essential role in fulfilling and expounding on the themes important in Bollywood cinema. This paper seeks to provide a proposal on Bollywood cinema based on the themes that are usually the films' heart. The themes on social concerns reflect on the social life and culture of individuals from a particular society. The theme of social situations is a broad category comprising various themes such as power and corruption, fighting for justice, class struggles, exploitation, materialism, and traditions. The theme of social concerns is significant in laying down the plot of a Bollywood film. For instance, ‘Bollywood 100 Years’ depicts the theme of exploitation in ‘Sankari Pash’ whereby the brutal moneylenders exploit the rural poor by grabbing from them (Joshi, 2001, 16). ‘Do Bigha Zamin’ has been focusing on exploiting the rural poor for the past fifty years (Joshi, 2001, 32). The theme of exploitation is an appropriate aspect in a Bollywood film as it reveals the oppression of the poor that occur in the present societies. ‘Humlog’ displays the theme of class struggles through the predicament of the lower middle class struggling after independence, while ‘Footpath’ discloses the theme of power and corruption through the black marketers who hoard medicines in a famine-stricken region (Joshi, 2001, 31). The themes of power and corruption and class struggles in an Indian movie indicate the powerful and the powerless in society. The theme of social concerns in a Bollywood film concentrates on the social issues affecting mostly the Indian community. The theme of love exposes the affection between friends, the romance between couples, and family members' tenderness. Most Bollywood movies bear the common theme of love as it showcases the excitement, enjoyment, and passion among the characters which tend to attract many viewers. An Indian film, ‘Guru,’ expresses the trials and misfortunes of a couple in love that dances at every chance to the ‘Romeo’ hit (Kaur and Sinha, 2005, 17). ‘Karma’ of 1933 features an intense romance between the characters, Devika Rani and Himanshu Rai (Joshi, 2001, 22). These two instances articulate the passion, desire, and sexual love often between couples in Bollywood. No doubt such scenes in an Indian film will keep a viewer glued to the screen. Equally, the theme of love is an anchor for the affection in a friendship as from the Bollywood movie ‘Filhaal’ that explores friendship and love (Joshi, 2001, 52). Furthermore, the theme of love is present in the release of family romances like ‘Maine Pyar Kya,’ ‘Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge,’ and ‘Kuch Kuch Hota Hai’ (Kaur and Sinha, 2005, 26). Bollywood movies incorporate the theme of love because it has the power to foster meaningful relationships, educate on vital life lessons, and change lives for good. Bollywood Cinema includes themes such as success, poverty, politics, and motherhood in reflecting distinct factors in the daily life routine. As in the first Indian documentary in which R. P. Paranjpye received a distinction award in mathematics at Cambridge, the theme of success shows the accomplishment of a character’s goal (Joshi, 2001, 14). The theme of poverty in a Bollywood film reveals the lack of basic needs such as food, clothing, and shelter. For instance, ‘Aurat’ defines Mehboob’s roots and obsession with interpreting with celluloid, the poor's pain in rural areas (Joshi, 2001, 26). Simultaneously, ‘Aurat’ portrays motherhood's theme by expressing on dignity, sacrifice, and glory of a mother (Joshi, 2001, 26). The theme of motherhood describes a mother as a creator and someone who nurtures with abundant motherly sentiments. A Bollywood film with such a theme will entice a broader audience, especially the mothers, to display motherhood's values. The theme of politics revolves around people's decisions on who to govern them and the individuals at the helm of leadership responsible for governance. This theme is evident in ‘Achchut Kanya,’ whereby India was in a freedom struggle situation under Mahatma Gandhi’s leadership (Joshi, 2001, 22). The themes of success, poverty, politics, and motherhood in Bollywood cinema are due to the activities that generally occur in life. Bollywood film reflects on the diverse ethos of the current world. Bollywood movies generally have their storyline based on themes. Various themes in Bollywood cinema are underlying ideas that a film producer wants to convey to an audience. The themes of social concerns expose the social evils that take place in society. The theme of love enables the audience to experience romance, affection, and tenderness with their partners, families, and friends. The themes of success, poverty, politics, and motherhood concentrate on an individual’s daily activities. ‘Bollywood 100 Years’ by Mohan Joshi and ‘Popular Indian Cinema through a Transnational Lens’ by Raminder Kaur and Ajay J. Sinha discusses various films in the Bollywood cinema that incorporate these themes. These themes are central in the production of Bollywood movies. Bibliography Annotations Cobbey, Rini. "Fantasies of a Bollywood Love Thief: Inside the World of Indian Moviemaking/Bombay Cinema: An Archive of The City." Projections 3, No. 2 (2009): 124. This source discusses two books: ‘Bombay Cinema: An Archive of the City’ by Ranjani Mazumdar and ‘Fantasies of a Bollywood Love Thief: Inside the World of Indian Moviemaking’ by Stephen Alter. Both books reflect on the film production in Bollywood Cinema. The two authors explore the concept of love involving human characters and material items like cinema. This source will be fundamental in fulfilling the use of the theme of love in Bollywood cinema. Further, it will expound more on the relationships on love besides its application in romance, friendships, and families. Ganti, Tejaswini. Bollywood: a guidebook to popular Hindi cinema. Routledge, 2013. This source provides a detailed description of activities in the world of Bollywood cinema. It elaborates on the production and distribution of Indian Cinema in indicating the changes in India's industry status in regards to filmmaking. Moreover, the source features narrative styles, key themes, and genre in Bollywood. This source plays a significant role in offering a comprehensive explanation of Bollywood cinema, thus boosting the information of the field. Additionally, it illustrates more themes characters use in Indian films. Mishra, Vijay. Bollywood cinema: Temples of desire. Psychology Press, 2002. The author explains the origin of Bollywood cinema, which was initially referred to as Bombay cinema. The author has to visit India to conduct archival research and write about the Bombay Cinema. He reports about the vast size of Hindu cinema, the male actors who initially graced the Bollywood scene, Indian films that were a success, and the movie genres. This source will be important in expanding on Bollywood cinema's foundation until it became a popular art form. In addition, the report on the numerous films in the Bollywood cinema will provide more information, specifically on themes that create the whole body of a movie. Rao, Leela. "Woman in Indian films—A paradigm of continuity and change." Media, Culture & Society 11, no. 4 (1989): 443-458. The author establishes that the emergence of Indian cinema was primarily a reaction against mainstream cinema. This source focuses on the role of women in Indian films, which symbolizes a transformation in the Bollywood cinema that was dominated by male characters. The author expounds on the growth and development of Indian cinema. This source is significant in introducing new themes such as continuity and change that are applicable in Bollywood. Besides, the source provides basic information on Bollywood cinema's evolution, which is necessary for research. Deakin, Nicholas, and Dinesh Bhugra. "Families in Bollywood cinema: changes and context." (2012): 166-172. This article depicts the changes in the increasing Indian population, which impacts Bollywood cinema. The article introduces a new aspect, the family, in Bollywood. The portrayal of Indian cinemas has transformed over the years. The article incorporates past Hindu films in comparing the changes in the industry with regards to the family. This article is necessary for accounting for the differences in Bollywood cinema, which will improve the quality of the information in research by providing accurate chronological details. The report is also crucial as it develops more themes from the element of family discussed in the article. Bibliography Cobbey, Rini. "Fantasies of a Bollywood Love Thief: Inside the World of Indian Moviemaking/Bombay Cinema: An Archive of The City." Projections 3, No. 2 (2009): 124. Deakin, Nicholas, and Dinesh Bhugra. "Families in Bollywood cinema: changes and context." (2012): 166-172. Ganti, Tejaswini. Bollywood: a guidebook to popular Hindi cinema. Routledge, 2013. Joshi, Lalit Mohan. "Bollywood: 100 years." Bollywood: Indian Popular Cinema (2001): 8-55. Kaur, Raminder, and Ajay J. Sinha, eds. Bollyworld: Popular Indian cinema through a transnational lens. SAGE Publications India, 2005. Mishra, Vijay. Bollywood cinema: Temples of desire. Psychology Press, 2002. Rao, Leela. "Woman in Indian films—A paradigm of continuity and change." Media, Culture & Society 11, no. 4 (1989): 443-458.
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Mughal Architecture

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Mughal Architecture
Mughal architecture is an art designed and developed in 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries by
Mughals. The design of construction was copied from that of Indo-Islamic architecture and
mainly contributed to changing of Indian empire. The architecture also had styles of Muslim
dynasties in India, such as Turkish, Persian, Indian, and Islamic architecture.1 Uniform patterns
of character and structure like slender minarets located at the corner of each building, big
meeting halls, large gates that are curved in shape, and delicate ornamentation were used in
constructing the Mughal Architecture. This paper seeks to find a proposal of Mughal
Architecture through how it was developed and designed, the person behind the influence of its
development, and the impact of the architecture on modern days.
After the victory of Babur in 1526, his first main interest was to promote the construction
of Mughal architecture. The architecture developed both in central and northern parts of India
under the emperor leadership of Mughal. Its style of construction owned a very decorative and
symmetrical mixture of Persian, Indian, and Turkish architecture. The construction of the
architecture was mainly influenced by a long stay of Humayun's in Persian land. The four arches
centered in Indian monuments were mostly found in Persia, while the multifoil and Cusped arch
that used in architecture construction were designed and developed by Mughals. The dome
structure present in every single building was not only the most attractive and but also the main
feature in Mughal architecture.2 Examples of buildings painted were the Taj Mahal found in

1

Azmat, Soni, and Abid Hadi. "Geometrical pattern designs used in mughal arch...


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