Business Question

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algrnpue

Business Finance

SUNY at Stony Brook

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3 Essay questions - For each topic/you must develop a well written essay (no plagiarism) which includes all aspects listed for discussion under the topic. Be sure to relate discuss these principles as they related to Organizational Behavior and how they pertain to the many aspects of diversity and challenges in Organizational Behavior. Be sure you have thoroughly answered all parts of the question. Use textbook as a resource.

Textbook : Organizational Behavior (A Skill-Building Approach) by Christopher P. Neck, Jeffrey D. Houghton and Emma L. Murray, 2nd Edition, Sage Publisher. ISBN: 978-1-5443-1754-0

  1. Motivation – Chapter 5 & 6
  2. What is decision making? Chapter 8
  3. What is ethics? Chapter 9

What inspires employees to perform well on the job?

  • Mesos hierarchy of needs
  • Describe the key points under the hierarchy of needs
  • What are the key points under terms intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?
  • What is addressed under smart goals?
  • The 6 steps of the decision making process
  • What is addressed under programmed decisions and unprogrammed decision making?
  • What is meant by the term creativity?
  • Explain the key skills, expertise and support addressed under this theory.
  • What are the different types of innovation within an organization?
  • What is meant by ethical dilemma?
  • Describe the 4 ethical decision making approaches.
  • What is meant by social responsibility?
  • Why must managers behave ethically?
  • Describe the 4 key points under ethics train.

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Running head: DECISION MAKING

1

Decision Making
Student's Name
Institutional Affiliation

DECISION MAKING

2
Decision Making
Steps of the Decision Making Process

Individuals and organizations make decisions daily. Every aspect applied in an
organization requires a decision to be made. Decision-making can be defined as the process of
recognizing ways of solving problems that arise in an organization (Neck et al., 2018). For an
organization to make effective decisions, it should follow a five- steps process.
The first step is identifying the problem. Before a decision is made, an organization
should identify the problem facing it and how the problem affects its operations. At this stage,
the organization determines the decisions that should be made concerning the situation (Neck et
al., 2018). The second step is determining and contemplating the criteria to be used while making
the decision. The organization decides on the basis it will use to make its decision. The third step
will involve generating solutions to the problem. Brainstorming is done to create ideas on the
solutions to solve the problem. The organization can also look at past experiences related to the
organization's situation and consider the solution implemented then. After all these alternatives
have been developed, the organization should rate them based on the criteria selected in step two
(Neck et al., 2018). The pros and cons of the alternatives developed should be laid out to
determine the most viable solution to the problem at hand. The last step will be to choose the
best option, implement it, and assess the decision. The most feasible solution is selected
implemented to solve the problem. Upon implementation, the organization should evaluate it to
see how effective it is.
Programmed and Un-programmed Decision Making

DECISION MAKING

3

Programmed decision-making is the automatic reaction to the challenges that face an
organization repeatedly. Such decisions are guided by the organization's policies and regulations
(Neck et al., 2018). Organizations mostly outline steps on how to handle the occurrence of such
situations. Un-programmed decision-making involves finding solutions to new problems that
face an organization or issues that occur occasionally. There are no guidelines for handling such
situations as an organization does not always know what problems arise. Programmed decisions
deal with issues that often occur, while un-programmed decisions deal with those that occur
occasionally.
Creativity
Creativity is based on the situation at hand. There are two occurrences of creativity.
Potential creativity is where an individual can create intelligent ideas that an organization can
significantly use. Practiced creativity is where an individual can identify gaps and apply the ideas
generated in potential creativity (Neck et al., 2018). Therefore, creativity can be defined as the
ability of a group or an individual to create ideas and find the gas necessary to implement the
ideas generated. The skills and expertise required in creativity are the potential creativity,
practiced creativity, and knowledge in a relevant field where the ideas will be implemented.
Support Addressed under Creativity
For effective implementation of creative ideas generated, support is required. There are
three types of support necessary for the effective implementation of innovative ideas:
organizational support, workgroup support, and supervisory support (Neck et al., 2018).
Organizational support involves the provision of sovereignty and all the necessary resources
required for individuals to be creative. Supervisory support is given by the supervisor (Neck et

DECISION MAKING

4

al., 2018). Supervisors should create an environment for employees to be creative, encourage
them to be risk-takers, and support their ideas. Group support is support from the team in the
organization. To foster creativity, teams should appreciate ideas from members, actively listen to
each other, cooperate and communicate well, and be open-minded.
Types of Innovation
There are six types of innovation; product, organizational structure, process, exploratory, people
innovation, and exploitative innovation (Neck et al., 2018). Product innovation involves the
introduction of new items in the production line or improving the existing products. Process
innovation is upgrading the processing steps or finding new ways to handle production.
Organizations train their ...


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