Description
Unformatted Attachment Preview
Purchase answer to see full attachment
Explanation & Answer
View attached explanation and answer. Let me know if you have any questions.
Name:
GLS299 – AW21
Final Exam
Multiple Choice & True/False (5 pts)
1. Bretton Woods international financial institutions have traditionally preferred universal
over targeted approaches in the policy design of their economic adjustment programs.
a. True
b. False
2. Which of the following was a subsequent policy response to top-down ‘Big Aid’ policy
approaches of the 1960s:
a. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)
b. Stakeholder Analysis
c. Rapid Rural Appraisal
d. All options
3. Latin American Structuralism and subsequent 'debt overhang' in many national
economies such as Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico are strongly rooted in:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Export Substitution Industrialization policy
Import Substitution Industrialization policy
Land reform
Domestic private and public banks
4. HJ Chang has advocated for which of the following approaches for developing countries
in the global production structure of the international political economy:
a. Laissez-faire free markets
b. Comparative Advantage Following industrial policy
c. Comparative Advantage Defying industrial policy
d. Autarky
5. Social business and social enterprise approaches to development issues are distinguished
from other forms of business through:
a. Reinvestment of profits into the enterprise
b. Pursuit of profits but not maximization of profits
c. Business model / structure
d. Social focus of their mission statement
e. All options
6. Stuart Hall problematizes international cooperation along which axis?
a. North-South
b. Poor / Rich
c. South-South
d. West / Rest
II. Short Answer (10 pts)
1. ‘Not all sources of debt are equal.’ Please evaluate this statement with respect to the
nexus between debt and policy space.
All debt sources are not equal. Bilateral debt policies determine the terms of a loan. For example,
the U.S. has a bilateral strategy with Brazil. The former's loan to the latter is based on Agreement
on Trade and Economic Cooperation. This implies the countries have mutual agreements to the
loan. In contrast, Laos undertook a huge Chinese loan on a risky project involving the
construction of a railway. The lender required Laos to raise the seed capital of $85billion,
although Chinese railway groups dominate the line under unclear terms of the deal while the
Laotian government is solely responsible for the debt.
2. With Stuart. Hall in mind, is there space for anti-colonial representation in contemporary
international development – what would it look like (please discuss with reference to at
least one example)?
There is space for anti-colonial representation in modern international development. The
representation would be in the form of a power balance between the west and developing
countries as they struggle for equity. The representation would be in advocacy for equity through
advanced advocacy channels like diplomacy. An exa...