Geol 1. The Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) for minimal action on CO2 emissions is a. RCP 2.6 b. RCP 4.6 c. RCP 6 d. RCP 8.5 e. RCP 10 2. How much higher or lower than today’s level is sea level expected to be in 2100? a. .51 to 2.75 meters b. 250 feet c. 110 to 125 meters d. 110 to 125 feet 3. Which is true? a. Tectonic-scale climate change occurs over hundreds of millions of years b. Orbital-scale climate change requires billions of years c. Tectonic-scale climate change requires tens of thousands of years d. Orbital-scale climate change is anthropogenic 4. The first appearance of humans (Genus Homo) in the fossil record was a. 1 my ago b. 2 my ago c. 3 my ago d. 4 my ago 5. Were humans (Homo Sapiens) present at the end of the last glaciation a. Yes b. No 6. Which of the following best answers the question: Did climate change affect human evolution? a. The savanna hypothesis b. Intensification of northern ice sheets c. The variability selection hypothesis 7. Which was better for preservation of fossil bones> a. Arid desert climate b. Humid rainforest climate 8. The hominid fossil record includes a. 100s of whole skeletons b. 1000s of fragments of skeletons c. A few dozens of fragments of skeletons d. 10s of nearly whole skeletons 9. Sea level rise during the current interglacial was a. 50 to 70 meters b. 500 to 700 meters c. 10 to 12 meters d. 110 to 125 meters e. 130 meters 10. Evidence for the interglacial connection between the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea after 7,600 years ago is a. Glacial deposits in the Sea of Marmara b. Fresh water molluscs in the Aegean Sea c. Change from fresh water molluscs to marine molluscs in the Mediterranean Sea d. Change from marine molluscs to fresh water molluscs in the Sea of Marmara e. Change from fresh water molluscs to marine molluscs in the Black Sea 11. About 12,000 years ago half of the large mammal species in North and South America became extinct partially due to a. A comet impact in Michigan b. A volcano eruption c. An invasion of humans from Asia d. Imbalance in the predator-prey ratio e. The growth of farming in Europe 12. Humans first began altering Earth’s climate a. 10,000 to 13,000 years ago b. 8,400 to 10,000 years ago c. 7,000 to 8,400 years ago d. 5,500 to 7,000 years ago 13. The evidence for human-impacted climate is a. Rise in GHG content in ice cores in all eight past interglacials b. Decline in GHG content in ice cores in all eight past interglacials c. Rise in GHG content in ice cores in the current interglacial d. Decline in GHG content in ice cores in the current interglacial e. A and d f. B and c 14. According to the Ruddiman Hypothesis for the time that humans began impacting Earth’s climate a. The planet should be warming slowly b. The planet should be cooling slowly c. The planet should be warming rapidly 15. The Little Ice Age occurred a. 1066 b. 1000 to 1300 c. 1400 to 1900 d. 1934 to 1970 e. 1914 to 1917 16. The historical climate record that is not a proxy for temperatures comes from a. Corals b. Ice cores c. Tree rings d. Stalagmites e. Stalactites 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. f. Boreholes The “hockey stick” in historical climate shows data from a. Corals b. Ice cores c. Tree rings d. Cave deposits e. Satellites Corals indicate sea levels because a. The organisms that form them live above sea level b. The organisms that form them live in the photic zone c. The organisms that form them are pelagic d. The organism that form them are benthic The most likely cause of climate change during the period 1000 -1850 a. Millennial Bipolar Seesaw b. Solar variability c. Volcanic eruptions d. GHG variability Steric sea level change is caused by a. Variability in GHG content of the world ocean b. Variability in density of sea water c. Variability in volume of sea water d. A and b e. A and c f. B and c Countries currently affected by sea level change due to glacial isostatic processes are a. France and Italy b. Scotland and Ireland c. Netherlands and Germany d. Canada and United States e. Jamaica and Cuba The cryosphere is in a. The mid-tropic regions b. The sub-tropic regions c. The equatorial region d. The polar regions e. The troposphere region After fossil fuels are gone it will still be _____ years before the natural drivers of climate return to a dominant role. a. 100 b. 1,000 c. 5,370 d. 10,000 e. 100,000 24. Solar radiation levels 21,000 years ago were about the same as today. So why did the ice melt? a. The precession cycle made northern hemisphere winters occur at perihelion b. The tilt amplitude was at a maximum c. The tilt amplitude was at a minimum d. The AMOC was 11 percent faster e. The AMOC was 11 percent slower 25. The IPCC is a _______________ program a. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration b. National Geophysical Data Center c. National Weather Service d. American Enterprise Institute e. United Nations
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