Ashford University Categories of Labor Laws History Essay

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The maximum length of your question should be eight double-spaced pages, approximately two-pages per answer. [If you question is a little shorter or a little longer than this, no worries. If it is a lot shorter or a lot longer.....review your answers before submitting.] The best exams will: Answer each prompt in the essay question in a way that demonstrates an excellent understanding of the course concepts for the specific question topic. Use course materials to help support your answer to the question. Course material includes Topics Lectures and Commentary, the textbook, and other course materials. [Note: You do not need to use all of these resources for each question, just what you find helpful in supporting your answer. Also, external sources beyond course materials are not needed.] Be written in a clear and easy to follow manner, with few grammatical errors. Provide in-text citations for materials used, as needed. Example: (We the People, pg. 345) or (Topic 9 Lecture 1). Note: If you are quoting any text word-for-word (verbatim) you must place this text in quotation marks and provide a citation as noted above 1. Describe the main categories of protective labor law. Explain the reasons behind their enactment, as well as reasons for the shift away from these laws towards laws focused on workplace gender equity. Did feminists approve of the shift away from protective labor laws toward workplace gender equity law? Why or why not? Explain. 2. Describe Title IX and the impact it has had on gender and education in the United States. What were the goals of the law? When the law was implemented, what were some of the major controversies, concerning the law, making sure to address the debates regarding gender equity and sports. Has Title IX achieved its goals? Why or why not? Explain. 3. Liberal and radical feminists have very different perspectives on pornography. First, define pornography. What is the difference between pornography and obscenity? Is pornography considered an expression that is protected by the First Amendment? Explain. Next, explain the liberal and radical feminist perspectives regarding pornography, including the reasons underpinning these perspectives, and policy responses that reflect these viewpoints. Of these two, which perspective are you most in agreement with? Why? Explain your answer. 4. The textbook identifies three theories of gender roles in marriage (coverture, separate but equal, shared partnership). Describe in detail one of these theories, making sure to include how this theory was reflected in the policies governing marriage and family (including divorce and child custody), feminist critique of this theory, and social and economic factors that contributed (or may contribute) to the erosion of this theor

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Exams

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Exams
Question 1: Labor Laws
Main Categories of Labor Laws
Labor laws are a branch of law that deals with employment, payment, working conditions,
and how workers should relate to maintaining a good working environment. Labor laws are
categorized into Basic Conditions of Employment Act, Labor Relations Act, and Employment
Equity Act. The Basic Conditions of Employment dictate that the working environments should
be humane and any tools or protective gear provided by the employer. The Labor Relations Act
was enacted to solve disputes between different parties in the working environment. At the same
time, the Employment Equity Act ensures fairness in hiring, promotion, and any other opportunity
that may arise in the workplace.
Reasons for Enactment of Labor Laws and Shifting to Gender Equity
The era of the slave trade was characterized by flogging and denial of necessities to casual
laborers, which sparked a need for change resulting in the enactment of labor laws. In some
jurisdictions, even punitive labor laws never existed. This led to women and children being
subjected to inhumane working conditions in India and Russia. The revolution led to trade unions
and associations that safeguarded employees and gave them bargaining power to negotiate their
salaries and working conditions.
Another major concern that led to labor laws was that men were given preferential
treatment in the workplace. For instance, women used to be paid less than men, yet they were all
in the same job group. The reasoning behind this was that women have husbands who might be
working; hence there was no need for additional payments such as insurance cover and house
allowance, which is quite vicious. The senior positions were also reserved for men, and some used

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this to harass and bully women in their places of work. Due to childbirth and child care
responsibilities, women were seen as not a good fit for some positions. Ironically, this labor law
was created to protect women, yet it turned punitive. The above-stated reasons created the need to
shift from unfair labor laws to gender equity in the workplace which is being practiced to date.
The hiring process was also not transparent during the era of labor laws in that women
were not considered most of the time since, at one point, they may need to go for maternity leave.
This was seen as an inconvenience since a short-term replacement needed to be sought. This is not
the case now, and in some countries, men are also given paternity leave to bond with their
newborns. Gender equity has created fur...


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