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Sound recording technology Submitted by Jumanah Alalshaikh Course Name: SET350W Date: 07-05-2017 Introduction The purpose of this report is to put light on all the processes that recording technology has passed through. Sound recording has an interesting history thathave enabled engineers and scientists to understand, and develop more devices of even better quality as well. This study is based on a literature review providing a historical review of recording technologies. It critically evaluates the different innovations and introductions to different concepts about the technology, and gives detailed description of all the issues and challenges face by inventors regarding different aspects and will suggest solutions to those challenges. Background Edison recorded the voice of a human being for the very first time in history in 1877 using a tinfoil cylinder phonograph. On Nov. 29 Edison gave John Kruesi the sketch of a machine that was to be built for the recording purpose [1]. Charles Tainter was the first one to record lateral-cut records, but he did not use any machine in order to play those records back. Moreover, another type of phonograph was invented by Chichester Bell and Charles Tainter in 1885.Afterwrds Emile Berliner also participated in the race by inventing a third type of phonograph in 1887 [3]. And in the same year, upon invention of these new phonographs, Edison improved his phonograph by using a battery-powered electrical motor but no one was still able to play them back. Emile Berliner improved the early gramophone and used flat disk instead of cylindrical on May 16, 1888[2]. One year after this invention the Columbia Phonograph Co. got rights to market a graphophone in 1889[3]. This was the start of the sound recording era, and this era covers world fight for creating countless sound recording devices. Disc vs. Cylinder Jukebox was invented in 1890 and was operated by using a coin. U. S. Gramophone Company, owned by Emile Berliner, started getting success in 1893[4]. Guglielmo Marconi (Italian), when he was only 20, invented the transmitter with antenna. When he was working on his transmitter, Valdemar Poulsen, succeeded in making first magnetic recorder, called the "telegraphone," in 1898 that used a steel wire [3]. In 1898 Poulsen’s invention lost all its importance and Germany did improvements to the wire telegraphone. The very first "Jazz" Music was recorded by the Original Dixieland Jass Band in 1917. Where as amplifiers and speakers were made by AT&T in 1921[3]. Electric Era VS Acoustic Era In 1925 AT&T's Bell Labs succeeded in developing the first electrically recorded discs. A building was opened in New York City on May 31,1931, which had music piped into its elevators and lobbies [5]. London built a sound recording studio called The EMI studio on Nov. 12, 1931, which was considered as the largest sound recording studio in the world; Louis Sterling hired Alan Blumlein for the purpose of installation of Blumlein's electrical recording system. Invention of Magnetic Tape Recording Improvements in the areas of electricity and magnetism empowered scientist to make different means of storing sound data. Pfleumer and AEG constructed magnetic tape recorders in 1931 [4]. A year after that, AEG of Telefunken finally develop practical magnetic tape recording called Magnetophone. This Magnetophone was improved by Germany in 1941 for which they used high frequency biasing. Stereo to Cassette World standard for stereo records was established, and new generation of Hi-Fi components was sold the first ever stereo in 1958 where Koss introduced stereo headphones. Henry Kloss introduced the term portability in stereos in 1962 by introducing the KLH Model 11 portable stereo. But in 1969 a drastic change in this technology was seen when Dolby developed the pre-recorded tapes [5]. Digital Revolution First ever compact disks often called as CDs were sold in 1982 that merged music technology with the groundbreaking technology i.e. the computer revolution. After the invention of CD, Sony as well as Philips made standard CD-ROM so that laser technology can be used as the audio CD. Then the different companies shocked the world by introducing Digital Audio Tape (DAT) players in 1987. In 2001 Apple Computer introduced the most unexpected invention on Oct. 23 i.e. the iPod portable music player [3]. References [1] D. Schoenherr, "Recording Technology History", Aes.org, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.aes.org/aeshc/docs/recording.technology.history/notes.html. [Accessed: 05- Jul2017]. [2] "History of Sound Recording and Reproduction", Soundrecordinghistory.net, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.soundrecordinghistory.net/history-of-sound-recording/. [Accessed: 05Jul- 2017]. [3] "The History Of Audio & Sound Recording - Technology, Software & Culture", The History Of Audio & Sound Recording, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.recording-history.org/. [Accessed: 05- Jul- 2017]. [4] A. Davies, "Stereo Sound Recording and Reproduction? Remembering the History [sp History]", IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 14-16, 2015. [5] J. Payne, "A short history of sound recording", Students Quarterly Journal, vol. 27, no. 107, p. 128, 1957.
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Running Head: HISTORY OF SOUND RECORDING TECHNOLOGY

Revolution of Sound Recording Technology
Submitted by
Jumanah Alalshaikh
Course Name: SET350W
Date: 07-05-2017

1

HISTORY OF SOUND RECORDING TECHNOLOGY

2

Introduction
Over the last few decades, the art of recording has undergone through a series of
transformational hurdles in the process of evolving to the current state of the art technology. It has
taken not just one but several engineering and scientific breakthrough steps to get us to the current
state with regard to sound recording technology. It is through this long but interesting history of sound
recording that forms the basis of this paper. The report generated here is a sequential literature
representation of the unfolding throughout out the history of sound recording technology (Payne,
1957).
Background
The history of sound recording dates back in 1877 when Thomas Edison made the initial human
recording and reproducing machine using a tinfoil cylinder phonograph. However, before Edison could
claim to have invented the phonograph, it was his preferred mechanist and a close friend, John Kruesi,
who joined up the sketches together after being presented with the drawings. While other scientists had
come up with machines that could record sound, it was Edison’s phonograph that had the sole ability to
reproduce the recorded sound. To facilitate this recording feature, Edison had to use tinfoil wrapped
around a rotating cylinder. The tinfoil would come into contact with a rigid needle attached to the
cylinder, and the sound vibrations would be captured on the foil.
The final two decades of the 19th century saw an influx of scientific improvements on sound
recording. This was hugely influenced by Edison’s decision to lay his primary focus on the development
of an incandescent light bulb. One of the notable scientists to improve on Edison’s phonograph was
Charles Tainter who worked at Graham Bell’s Volta Laboratory in Washington D.C. Together, the two
replaced the tinfoil with wax, while also putting a floating stylus in place of a rigid needle. This ensured
the cylinder was incised, rather than being indented. After claiming the patent and rightfully awarded to

HISTORY OF SOUND RECORDING TECHNOLOGY

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them, the machine was introduced to the public on May 4, 1886 as the graphophone. What followed after
the graphophone would turn out to be the most intense decades of sound recording competition (Dowd,
2002).
The shift from cylinder
On May 16, Emily Berliner, an inventor born in Germany, made a major improvement on the
phonograph by replacing the cylinder with a flat disk. The introduction of the discs ushered in the era of
recording industry with the jukebox. Other modifications to come were focused on improvement the
stylus and the system drive. It should be noted that the gramophone’s reliance on cylinders required home
recording for reproduce, but the disc could be recorded and sold by its manufacturers. For this reason, the
public feel in love with the flat disc, leaving cyl...


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