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Running Head: HISTORY OF SOUND RECORDING TECHNOLOGY
Revolution of Sound Recording Technology
Submitted by
Jumanah Alalshaikh
Course Name: SET350W
Date: 07-05-2017
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HISTORY OF SOUND RECORDING TECHNOLOGY
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Introduction
Over the last few decades, the art of recording has undergone through a series of
transformational hurdles in the process of evolving to the current state of the art technology. It has
taken not just one but several engineering and scientific breakthrough steps to get us to the current
state with regard to sound recording technology. It is through this long but interesting history of sound
recording that forms the basis of this paper. The report generated here is a sequential literature
representation of the unfolding throughout out the history of sound recording technology (Payne,
1957).
Background
The history of sound recording dates back in 1877 when Thomas Edison made the initial human
recording and reproducing machine using a tinfoil cylinder phonograph. However, before Edison could
claim to have invented the phonograph, it was his preferred mechanist and a close friend, John Kruesi,
who joined up the sketches together after being presented with the drawings. While other scientists had
come up with machines that could record sound, it was Edison’s phonograph that had the sole ability to
reproduce the recorded sound. To facilitate this recording feature, Edison had to use tinfoil wrapped
around a rotating cylinder. The tinfoil would come into contact with a rigid needle attached to the
cylinder, and the sound vibrations would be captured on the foil.
The final two decades of the 19th century saw an influx of scientific improvements on sound
recording. This was hugely influenced by Edison’s decision to lay his primary focus on the development
of an incandescent light bulb. One of the notable scientists to improve on Edison’s phonograph was
Charles Tainter who worked at Graham Bell’s Volta Laboratory in Washington D.C. Together, the two
replaced the tinfoil with wax, while also putting a floating stylus in place of a rigid needle. This ensured
the cylinder was incised, rather than being indented. After claiming the patent and rightfully awarded to
HISTORY OF SOUND RECORDING TECHNOLOGY
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them, the machine was introduced to the public on May 4, 1886 as the graphophone. What followed after
the graphophone would turn out to be the most intense decades of sound recording competition (Dowd,
2002).
The shift from cylinder
On May 16, Emily Berliner, an inventor born in Germany, made a major improvement on the
phonograph by replacing the cylinder with a flat disk. The introduction of the discs ushered in the era of
recording industry with the jukebox. Other modifications to come were focused on improvement the
stylus and the system drive. It should be noted that the gramophone’s reliance on cylinders required home
recording for reproduce, but the disc could be recorded and sold by its manufacturers. For this reason, the
public feel in love with the flat disc, leaving cyl...