turners syndrome, powerpoint presentation help

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powerpoints on turners syndrome. 15 slides

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Explanation & Answer

Attached.

Congenital malformations of
kidney and urinary tract
kibaru

objectives


At the end of the session the student
should be able to
◦ Outline the common congenital anomalies of
the renal and urinary tract
◦ Describe the common anomalies

◦ Discuss the management of these conditions

introduction


Congenital anomalies of urinary tract are
found in 8-10% of children



Majority produce no significant problems



25% of chronic renal failure is secondary
to malformations

Common associations


Common in conditions associated with










trisomies especially trisomy 13 and 18
Oligohydramnios
fetal compression
tuberous sclerosis
imperforate anus
single umbilical artery
sacral anomalies
cystic disease in liver
Family history of renal disease

Bladder and urethra


Bladder and urethra









Actopic vesicae
patent urachus
bladder neck obstruction
posterior urethra valves
neurogenic bladder
hypospadia,
Phimosis
structural defects of meatus or urethra

Renal abnormalities


Kidney;





Agenesis
horse shoe kidney
polycyctic disease of kidney
pelviuretereric function stenosis

a) Renal malformation
RENAL AGENESIS.
 Renal agenesis, or absent kidney can
occur secondary to a defect of the
wolffian duct, ureteric bud, or
metanephric blastema.


15% of these children have contralateral
vesicoureteral reflux



most males have an ipsilateral absent vas deferens
because the wolffian duct is absent.



Renal agenesis is distinguished from aplasia, in
which a nubbin of nonfunctioning tissue is seen
capping a normal or abnormal ureter.

Unilateral renal agenesis
 has an incidence of 1 in 450 to 1,000 births


often is discovered during the course of an
evaluation for other congenital anomalies
VATER syndrome



Its incidence is increased in newborns with a
single umbilical artery.



In true agenesis, the ureter and the
ipsilateral bladder hemitrigone are
absent.



The contralateral kidney undergoes
compensatory hypertrophy, to some
degree prenatally but primarily after
birth.

Bilateral renal agenesis
✓ is incompatible with extrauterine life
✓It is termed Potter syndrome.
✓ Death occurs shortly after birth from pulmonary
...


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